基于双域Transformer耦合特征学习的CT截断数据重建模型

目的为解决CT扫描视野(FOV)不足导致的截断伪影和图像结构失真问题,本文提出了一种基于投影和图像双域Transformer耦合特征学习的CT截断数据重建模型(DDTrans)。方法基于Transformer网络分别构建投影域和图像域恢复模型,利用Transformer注意力模块的远距离依赖建模能力捕捉全局结构特征来恢复投影数据信息,增强重建图像。在投影域和图像域网络之间构建可微Radon反投影算子层,使得DDTrans能够进行端到端训练。此外,引入投影一致性损失来约束图像前投影结果,进一步提升图像重建的准确性。结果Mayo仿真数据实验结果表明,在部分截断和内扫描两种截断情况下,本文方法DDTrans在去除FOV边缘的截断伪影和恢复FOV外部信息等方面效果均优于对比算法。结论DDTrans模型可以有效去除CT截断伪影,确保FOV内数据的精确重建,同时实现FOV外部数据的近似重建。

基于Transformer的肺肿瘤三维CT图像分割

基于信息学技术自动分割病人的肺部CT图像,有助于医生对于肺癌患者的早期诊断,提取和整合图像区域间的空间关联,对于提升肺肿瘤分割性能是十分重要的。本文提出了一个新的基于Transformer的分割模型,用于肺肿瘤三维CT图像分割、学习和整合此类关联。本文分别设计了带有混合多头图像区域节点注意力的Transformer模块和类别注意力模块,学习并融合了肺部CT图像的空间层面和通道层面的信息。将新的基于Transformer的分割模型同其他较为先进的模型进行了对比实验,实验结果表明新的模型在骰子系数、交并比和豪斯多夫距离等方面优于其他模型。

Transformer Internal and Inrush Current Fault Detection Using Machine Learning

Preventive maintenance in the transformer is performed through a dif-ferential relay protection system,and it protects the transformer from internal and external faults.However,the Current Transformer(CT)in the differential protec-tion system mal-operates during inrush currents.CT saturates due to magnetizing inrush currents and causes false tripping of the differential relays.Moreover,iden-tification of tripping in protection relay either due to inrush current or internal faults needs to be diagnosed.For the above problem,continuous monitoring of transformer breather and CT terminals with thermal camera helps detect the trip-ping in relay due to inrush or internal fault.The transformer’s internal fault leads to high breathing process in the transformer breather,never for inrush currents.During inrush currents,CT temperature is increased.Continuous monitoring of breather and CT of the transformer through thermal imaging and radiometric pix-els detect the causes of CT saturation and differentiates maloperation.Hybrid wavelet threshold image analytics(HWT-IA)based radiometric pixels analysis of the transformer breather and CT after de-noising provides an accurate result of about 95%for identification of the false tripping of differential protection system of transformer.

基于增强CT图像和Swin Transformer网络的食管癌T分期智能诊断模型的构建与评估

目的基于增强CT图像和Swin Transformer网络,拟构建食管癌T分期智能诊断模型。方法收集2018年1月至2022年4月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院和山西省肿瘤医院胸外科经病理证实为食管癌的150例患者的45000张术前增强CT图像。经过UperNet Swin网络自动分割和肿瘤体积的计算,使用ResNet50、Swin Transformer和VIT 3个网络进行食管癌T分期智能诊断模型的构建。使用精准率、召回率、F1-score、特异度以及阴性预测值(negative predictive value,NPV)等指标在150例内部数据集上评价模型性能,描绘混淆矩阵和ROC曲线。结果在3个食管癌T分期诊断的模型中,Swin Transformer模型结合肿瘤体积、病理信息等特征的分期诊断效果最好,T1~T4期的精准率分别为1.00、0.67、0.83、1.00,AUC为0.861,优于ResNet50和VIT分期诊断模型,它们的精准率分别为0.13、0.27、0.59、0.81和0.03、0.14、0.56、0.75,AUC分别是0.611和0.542。结论与ResNet50和VIT网络比较,Swin Transformer网络能够更精准进行食管癌智能T分期诊断。

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhances discharge activity of cortical neurons

Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)has been extensively studied for its pleiotropic effects on central nervous system diseases.The neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of TGF-β1 in specific brain areas may depend on the pathological process and cell types involved.Voltage-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are essential ion channels for the generation of action potentials in neurons,and are involved in various neuroexcitation-related diseases.However,the effects of TGF-β1 on the functional properties of VGSCs and firing properties in cortical neurons remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on VGSC function and firing properties in primary cortical neurons from mice.We found that TGF-β1 increased VGSC current density in a dose-and time-dependent manner,which was attributable to the upregulation of Nav1.3 expression.Increased VGSC current density and Nav1.3 expression were significantly abolished by preincubation with inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(PD98059),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(SB203580),and Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 inhibitor(SP600125).Interestingly,TGF-β1 significantly increased the firing threshold of action potentials but did not change their firing rate in cortical neurons.These findings suggest that TGF-β1 can increase Nav1.3 expression through activation of the ERK1/2-JNK-MAPK pathway,which leads to a decrease in the firing threshold of action potentials in cortical neurons under pathological conditions.Thus,this contributes to the occurrence and progression of neuroexcitatory-related diseases of the central nervous system.

基于Transformer和CNN的低剂量CT图像去噪网络

低剂量计算机断层扫描(Low-dose Computed Tomography, LDCT)在临床中有着广泛的应用,可以有效减轻对病人的辐射剂量。但是成像后的低剂量CT图像中含有明显的噪声和条形伪影,影响医师的诊断。提出了一种基于Transformer和CNN的去噪网络,该网络是一种改进的编解码网络架构,其编码端的每一层由卷积模块与Transformer模块融合而成,用来提取每一层的局部特征和全局特征,同时引入融合模块用来有效地融合提取的局部特征和全局特征。并把融合后的特征通过跳跃连接融入解码端对应的层,解码端的每一层通过卷积模块提取有效特征进而重建去噪后的图像。在真实数据集Mayo上的实验结果说明所提出的网络不仅可以有效去除噪声,还能够保持图像的边缘。

Swin-Transformer故障信息挖掘的海底观测网故障定位方法

海底观测网长期受海洋环境与人为因素影响,易使光电复合缆绝缘破损与海水接触形成电学故障点。如何准确地定位电学故障点,对提高海底观测网输电与信息传输的可靠性至关重要。首先根据海底观测网输电结构建立海底观测网输电模型,推导与模拟电学故障点传播至观测点的暂态电流,然后由连续小波变换提取暂态电流与故障点对应的内在关联特征量,最后通过Swin-Transformer神经网络挖掘内在关联特征量与故障距离的匹配关系来定位电学故障点。研究结果表明,在内在关联特征量样本测试集条件下,光电复合缆≤160 km的电学故障点定位误差小于400 m,可为长距离光电复合缆的海底观测网电学故障点定位提供参考。

Over Voltage Fault due to Disconnection of Consumer’s Transformer Neutral Wire

Practically,the load currents in three phases are asymmetric in the power system.It means that the impedances are different in all three phases.If the consumer’s transformer neutral cut off and/or was disconnected from the neutral of power supply source,then there will be some trouble and failure occurred.The current in the neutral wire drops down to zero when the neutral wire is cut off and the phase currents of all three-phase equal to each other since there was no return wire.The currents are equal but the voltages at the phase consumers are different.Especially for residential single-phase consumers,the voltage at the consumers of the phase varies differently for three phase systems when the neutral wire was disconnected at consumer side and even the voltage at the consumers one or two of those three phases becomes over nominal voltage or reaches nearly line voltage.In this case,the electronic appliances in that phase will be fed by high voltage than the rated value and they can be broken down.In the power system of UB(Ulaanbaatar)city,there are some occasional such kind of failures every year.Obviously,many electronic appliances were broken down due to high voltage and the electricity utility companies respond for service charge of damaged parts.

Effect of Modulation Error on All Optical Fiber Current Transformers

For actively modulated In-line Sagnac interferential all optic fiber current transformers (AOFCTs), the accuracies are directly affected by the amplitude of the modulation signal. In order to deeply undertand the function of the modulator, a theoretical model of modulation effect to AOFCTs is built up in this paper. The effect of the amplitude of the modulation signal to the output intensity of AOFCTs is theoretically formulated and numerical calculated. The results show that the modulation voltage variation could affect the output accuracies significantly. This might be some references on the investigation for practical applications of AOFCTs.

An active-passive beam current transformer

In this article,a new type current transformer was developed using an active-passive circuit to improve low frequency response of the system without impairing high frequency response.The active-passive current transformer with In-flange was fabricated.Theoretical analysis,numerical simulations and experimental results are given.

Analysis on the Transfer Characteristics of Rogowski-coil Current Transformer and Its Influence on Protective Relaying

This paper systematically analyzes the transfer characteristics of the Rogowski-coil Current Transformer and its effect on protective relaying through theoretical analysis, experiments and simulations. The frequency characteristics and transient characteristics of Rogowski transducer and Rogowski-coil Current Transformer are deeply analyzed based on the physical structure of the transformer.?It is revealed that broad bandwidth of the transformer can improve the performance of protective relaying, and the bandwidth is determined mainly by the parameters of the Rogowski transducer and signal processing circuits. It is also discovered that the measurement errors of transient current mainly depend on the abilities for the current transformer to reproduce an accurate replica of the decaying dc components, which is mainly decided by the decay time constant of the aperiodic component of transient current and the parameters of the integral unit. Finally, some measures are proposed for the performance improvement of Rogowski-coil Current Transformer to meet the requirements of protective relaying system in terms of structural design and testing standards.

Optical fiber-based power and data delivery system for high voltage electronic current transformer

This paper describes a prototype power delivery system developed for high voltage electronic current transformer （ECT） that uses laser light to transfer power to and communicates with the primary converter. The design is based on optical-to-electrical power converters, solid-state diode lasers and optical fibers. Command signals are transmitted via the same up-fiber used to send power from secondary power supply to primary converter. The upward data transmission is completed during the brief interruption of power delivery without affecting steady power-supply. A simple comparator added to the primary converter can take the command data. Experimental results show that the fibers can provide reliable up-link for data transmission at 200 kb/s from the secondary to the primary converter. Based on the delivery system, the secondary converter can control three auxiliary channels to provide additional information. These monitoring channels are used in a time-multiplexing mode to provide information about the operation temperature, voltage and current at the remote unit for monitoring the ECT. This preventive maintenance or built-in test can increase reliability by giving early warning for necessary maintenance request.

Study on the Effect of Multi-Type Current Transformers Hybrid Operation on Differential Protection of the Bus Based on Dynamic Simulation

This paper analyzes characteristics of multi type current transformers hybrid operation for each branch of the bus and their effects on differential protection of the bus. By theoretically analyzing transmission characteristics of multi type current transformers and their influence factors, we study the dynamic model testing method of multi type current transformers for the bus, and design 3 kinds of testing schemes by making the equivalent model based on the field of P-level current transformer, TPY-level current transformer and electronic current transformer, and build the hybrid operation testing platform of multi type current transformers. Finally, we compare and analyze the transmission characteristics difference of multi type current transformers on the same branch and the characteristics difference of hybrid operation in two successive external faults, analyze the cause behind the differences, and put forward the corresponding improvement measures.

面向肺炎CT图像识别的DL-CTNet模型

肺炎常缺乏明显呼吸系症状,症状多不典型,易发生漏诊、错诊.利用深度学习技术辅助医务人员安全、高效地检测感染者是一种有效途径.针对COVID-19感染者CT图像的磨玻璃影、铺路石征、血管扩张等特点,提出一种可有效地提取CT图像中的局部与全局特征的轻量级模型——DL-CTNet.输入预处理的CT图像后,首先采用空洞卷积和动态双路径多尺度特征融合(D-DMFF)模块的2个支路提取浅层特征;然后使用局部与全局特征拼接模块(LGFC)中的D-DMFF模块提取局部特征、Swin Transformer提取全局特征,并通过拼接获得深层特征;最后经过全连接层输出分类标签.实验结果表明,在2个CT图像数据集上,验证了LGFC模块以及DL-CTNet的低复杂度与有效性;DL-CTNet的分类准确率高达98.613%,与其他方法相比,其能更准确地识别肺炎的CT图像.

一种新的术中X线与术前CT图像配准方法

目的本研究旨在配准胸主动脉血管内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)术中X线与术前CT图像,为TEVAR支架植入提供精确安全的导航。然而,现有配准算法存在无法有效弥合投影CT图像生成的数字重建影像(digitally reconstructed radiography,DRR)与X线图像之间的域间差异和难以获得图像分割标签的问题。因此,需要提出新的方法来改善这一问题。方法本文提出了一种新的配准框架,该框架结合了基于生成对抗网络(generative adversarial network,GAN)的域自适应网络和基于Transformer的配准网络。基于GAN的域自适应网络将X线图像的风格迁移到DRR图像上,使两者在图像风格上更接近。基于Transformer的配准网络采用CNN与跨模态变换器(cross-modality transformer,CMT)相结合的模式,直接配准X线与CT图像,无需进行图像分割。结果本文在208对标定的TEVAR术中X线与CT图像对上对新的配准方法进行了验证。与其他域适应方法相比,本文所采用的CycleGAN网络作为风格转换模块,有效减小了DRR图像与X线图像之间的域间差异。消融实验结果进一步证实,配准网络中的全局局部感知模块(global-local perception module,GLPM)对提高配准精度具有明显作用,而空间缩减(spatial reduction,SR)则有效缩短了配准时间。通过对比现有方法和本文方法在真实患者X线与CT图像对上的配准效果,本文的方法在配准精度和成功率方面均表现出最佳性能。结论本文提出的新的X线与CT图像配准方法有效克服了现有方法存在的域间差异以及难以获得分割标签的问题。

化疗患者行个体化低流率腹部增强CT:双源CT低管电压高管电流的可行性分析

目的 探讨在癌症患者中使用双源CT结合低流速和低管电压方案的可行性。方法 共纳入90名进行上腹部增强CT扫描的患者,并随机分为A组、B组和C组(每组30人)。在A组中,患者使用120kVp和448mgl/kg对比剂量进行扫描。B组患者以100kVp和336 mgl/kg对比剂量进行扫描。C组患者以70kVp和224mgI/kg对比剂量进行扫描。对CT值、标准差、信噪比、对比噪声比、主观评分、对比剂剂量和流速进行测量。结果 在三组中,除了肾脏外,主观图像评分无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。与其他组相比,C组在大多数感兴趣区域(ROIs)中显示出显著更高的CT值、更低的噪声水平以及更高的SNR和CNR值(P<0.05)。与A组相比,C组所用对比剂剂量减少了47.3%(79.2±13.7 vs.41.7±8.9,P<0.01),对比剂注射速率降低了19.2%(2.6±0.5 vs.2.1±0.4,P<0.01)。结论 在化疗后血管受损的患者中使用70kVp管电压结合高管电流的方法,在保证图像质量和诊断信心的同时降低流速是可行的。

基于Transformer的脊柱CT图像分割

脊柱侧弯是青少年群体常见的一种脊柱疾病,老年群体中因脊柱骨质疏松引起的脊柱骨折也尤为普遍。CT成像技术作为脊柱外科的主要检查手段之一,广泛用于临床以及研究目的的筛查,诊断和图像引导治疗。研究以脊柱CT图像为研究对象,将目前在NLP领域表现优异的Transformer模型与经典的U-Net图像分割网络相结合,运用到CT图像的分割处理工作当中;同时在模型训练过程中基于脊柱自身的结构特点,采用由粗到精的训练方法,首先对脊柱的各个椎骨进行定位模型训练,然后在定位结果的基础上再训练分割模型。最终模型的分割结果与真实值之间的Dice相似系数达到了94.37%以上,实验结果表明了该方法的有效性以及临床应用的可行性。

基于DCIF-GAN的肺部肿瘤PET/CT跨模态医学图像融合

基于生成对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Network,GAN)的医学图像融合是计算机辅助诊断领域的研究热点之一,但是现有基于GAN的融合方法存在训练不稳定,提取图像的局部和全局上下文语义信息能力不足,交互融合程度不够等问题。针对上述问题,本文提出了双耦合交互式融合GAN(Dual-Coupled Interactive Fusion GAN,DCIFGAN)。首先,设计了双生成器双鉴别器GAN,通过权值共享机制实现生成器之间和鉴别器之间的耦合,通过全局自注意力机制实现交互式融合;第二,设计耦合CNN-Transformer的特征提取模块(Coupled CNN-Transformer Feature Extraction Module,CC-TFEM)和特征重构模块(CNN-Transformer Feature Reconstruction Module,C-TFRM),提升了对同一模态图像内部的局部和全局特征信息提取能力;第三,设计跨模态交互式融合模块(Cross Model Intermodal Fusion Module,CMIFM),通过跨模态自注意力机制,进一步整合不同模态间的全局交互信息。为了验证本文模型的有效性,在肺部肿瘤PET/CT医学图像数据集上进行实验,该文方法在平均梯度,空间频率,结构相似度,标准差,峰值信噪比,信息熵等上与其他四种方法中最优方法相比,分别提高了1.38%,0.39%,29.05%,30.23%,0.18%,4.63%。模型能够突出病变区域信息,融合图像结构清晰且纹理细节丰富。

多期相CT合成辅助的腹部多器官图像分割

目的提出并探讨使用多期相CT合成辅助腹部多器官分割方法。方法提出多期相CT合成辅助腹部多器官分割,多期相CT能够充分提供同一器官不同的图像细节,从而为分割模型提供充分的全面的语义信息,提升腹部多个器官分割的性能。提出基于多头自注意力感知的多期相CT合成方法,引入基于多头自注意力机制的Transformer模块,提升合成网络捕捉长距离语义信息的能力,扩大网络的感受野,并且引入感知损失,在特征层面对合成图像与真实图像特征之间的差异最小化,与Transformer模块有协同作用,从而合成出更清晰、更高质量的多期相CT图像。结果使用南方医院的多期相CT数据集训练模型。其中用526例多期相CT训练合成模型,利用动脉期增强动脉CT(A.CECT)合成出平扫CT(NECT)、静脉期CECT(V.CECT)、延迟期CECT(D.CECT)的平均最大化绝对误差(MAE)分别为19.192±3.381、20.140±2.676、22.538±2.874,结合统计学对比,本文方法优于对比的其他图像合成方法(P<0.05)。多期相CT合成辅助的腹部多器官分割方法验证在内部验证集上进行验证平均Dice系数(DSC)为0.847,在外部验证集上进行验证平均DSC为0.823。结论本文方法能够合成出高质量的多期相CT图像以有效缓解不同期相CT之间存在的配准无法解决的误差问题,同时提高腹部13器官的分割性能,具有良好的泛化性能。