Variable Structure Model Reference Adaptive Control with Unknown High Frequency Gain Sign

可变结构模型引用为有比一个和未知高频率获得符号大的相对的度的工厂的适应控制被建议。一个切换的计划基于为靠近的环系统的第一个辅助错误设计的监视功能被介绍。在至多切换和追踪的错误的一个有限数字收敛到能被适当地选择一些设计参数使任意地小的一个剩余集合以后，在监视函数的管理下面，切换停止，这被显示出在至多切换和追踪的错误的一个有限数字收敛到能被适当地选择一些设计参数使任意地小的一个剩余集合以后。

The performance analysis and calculation for variable frequency speed control motors with the rotor structure optimized

In the paper, the method to optimize the rotor structure in variable frequency speed control motors is introduced. The saturation and the skin effect are considered and 2D no-load and load electromagnetic field is calculated in finite elements for a variable frequency speed control motor before and after optimization. Finally, no-load current and operation performance before and after optimization are obtained and the two results are contrasted.

Power supply for generating frequency-variable resonant magnetic perturbations on the J-TEXT tokamak

To further research the response of the tearing mode（TM） to dynamic resonant magnetic perturbation（DRMP） on the J-TEXT tokamak, a modified series resonant inverter power supply（MSRIPS） with a function of discrete variable frequency is designed for DRMP coils in this study. The MSRIPS is an AC–DC–AC converter, including a phase-controlled rectifier, an LC filter, an insulated gate bipolar transistor（IGBT） full bridge, a matching transformer, three resonant capacitors with different capacitance values, and three corresponding silicon controlled rectifier（SCR） switches. The function of discrete variable frequency is realized by switching over different resonant capacitors with corresponding SCR switches while matching the corresponding driving frequency of the IGBT full bridge. A detailed switching strategy of the SCR switch is put forward to obtain sinusoidal current waveform and realize current waveform smooth transition during frequency conversion. In addition, a resistor and thyristor bleeder is designed to protect the SCR switch from overvoltage. Manufacturing of the MSRIPS is completed, and the MSRIPS equipment can output current with an amplitude of 1.5 kA when its working frequency jumps among different frequencies. Moreover, the current waveform is sinusoidal and can smoothly transition during frequency conversion. Furthermore, the transition time when the current amplitude rises from zero to a steady state is less than 2 ms during frequency conversion. By using the MSRIPS, the expected discrete variable frequency DRMP is generated, and the phenomenon of the TM being locked to the discrete variable frequency DRMP is observed on the J-TEXT tokamak.

Variable stiffness control algorithm for high-rising buildings of closely spaced frequencies based on wavelet transforms

To establish the algorithm of SAT-TMD system with the wavelet transform(WT),the modal mass participation ratio is proposed to distinguish if the high-rising structure has the characteristic of closely distributed frequencies.A time varying analytical model of high-rising structure such as TV-tower with the SAT-TMD is developed.The proposed new idea is to use WT to identify the dominant frequency of structural response in a segment time,and track its variation as a function of time to retune the SAT-TMD.The effectiveness of SAT-TMD is investigated and it is more robust to change in building stiffness and damping than that of the TMD with a fixed frequency corresponding to a fixed mode frequency of the building.It is proved that SAT-TMD is particularly effective in reducing the response even when the building stiffness is changed by ±15%;whereas the TMD loses its effectiveness under such building stiffness variations.

Optimal Driving of Large Belt Conveyor with Multi-roller Variable-Frequency Drive

in this paper, an electromechanically coupled mathematic model of multi-roller driving system for belt conveyor is set up, and the computing equations for dynamic displacement and dynamic tension of the conveyor are also formulated when the hoister is used for straining. Based on the belt conveyor of main inclined shaft in Chengzhuang coal mine, the driving torque, driving power and starting-speed characteristic of each electric motor are studied and measured when multi-roller variable-frequency drive (power distribution 2∶1) is used. The optimal control and the optimal starting-acceleration of the multi-roller variable-frequency drive are determined by a large number of industrial experiments and theoretical calculations.

Resistance Torque Based Variable Duty-Cycle Control Method for a Stage Ⅱ Compressor

The resistance torque of a piston stage II com- pressor generates strenuous fluctuations in a rotational period, and this can lead to negative influences on the working performance of the compressor. To restrain the strenuous fluctuations in the piston stage II compressor, a variable duty-cycle control method based on the resistance torque is proposed. A dynamic model of a stage II com- pressor is set up, and the resistance torque and other characteristic parameters are acquired as the control tar- gets. Then, a variable duty-cycle control method is applied to track the resistance torque, thereby improving the working performance of the compressor. Simulated results show that the compressor, driven by the proposed method, requires lower current, while the rotating speed and the output torque remain comparable to the traditional vari- able-frequency control methods. A variable duty-cycle control system is developed, and the experimental results prove that the proposed method can help reduce the specific power, input power, and working noise of the compressor to 0.97 kW.m-3.min-1, 0.09 kW and 3.10 dB, respectively, under the same conditions of discharge pressure of 2.00 MPa and a discharge volume of 0.095 m3/rain. The proposed variable duty-cycle control method tracks the resistance torque dynamically, and improves the working performance of a Stage II Compressor. The pro- posed variable duty-cycle control method can be applied to other compressors, and can provide theoretical guidance for the compressor.

宽范围输入三电平半桥LLC变换器混合控制

针对传统变频(PFM)控制的LLC谐振变换器在宽电压输入条件下效率低的问题,提出一种三电平半桥LLC谐振变换器的变频-移相(PFM-PS)混合控制策略。首先,分析三电平半桥LLC谐振变换器的工作模态,建立其等效模型,获得了移相控制和变频控制下的电压增益曲线。其次,分析了变频控制的工作区间与软开关特性,推导得到了移相控制下实现软开关的最小占空比。通过混合控制策略,在升压时采用变频控制和在降压时采用移相控制,相较于全变频控制和全移相控制,混合控制可在较小频率变化范围内对电压进行升降压,在全增益范围内实现软开关,获得较宽的电压增益范围,提升了变换器的效率。最后,通过仿真和输入500~800 V/4.5 kW实验样机验证了所提出混合控制策略的有效性。

基于滑模变结构的风电机组一次调频算法研究

针对并网风电场中,经典一次调频控制方法存在抗干扰能力弱、机组易脱网的问题,提出一种基于滑模变结构的风电机组一次调频控制算法。首先,在永磁同步风电机组工作原理的基础上,建立含有大电网的风电机组模型。其次,为了解决传统比例积分微分(proportional integral differential,PID)控制下抗干扰能力弱的问题、引入经典滑模变结构控制器。然后,针对经典滑模变结构控制器导致执行机构存在抖振较多的缺点,提出一种基于sigmoid函数趋近率的滑模变结构一次调频控制算法。最后,通过MATLAB/Simulink对风电机组一次调频进行建模仿真,并与经典控制算法相比,验证了所提算法的可行性,在风速波动和电网故障的环境下,滑模变结构一次调频控制算法更具有效性。

基于变论域云PI的含风电负荷频率控制方法

随着风电渗透率不断提高,其不确定性严重影响了电力系统频率稳定。基于此问题,建立了含风电的互联电力系统负荷频率控制模型,其中风机通过附加下垂与虚拟惯性控制参与频率调节。在此基础上,为解决风电接入系统引起的频率波动问题,提出变论域云PI负荷频率控制策略,对云模型输入和输出论域动态调整。为避免增加控制器的复杂程度,基于函数形式设计论域的伸缩因子。最后,仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器能进一步提高云PI控制器的自适应能力,更好地处理风电不确定性对系统频率的影响。

一种新型输出频率连续的交-交变频调速系统

针对传统交-交变频器功率器件多、控制复杂、功率因数低等缺点,在脉冲阻塞式交-交变频电路控制原理的基础上提出1种输出频率连续的交-交变频电路控制方法。首先给出三相输入三相输出和六相输入三相输出这2种交-交变频电路拓扑及其详细的工作原理。然后,搭建MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境下2种变频调速系统仿真模型进行仿真实验,仿真结果与理论分析相一致。最后,制作实验样机进行验证,实验结果证明了所提新型变频调速系统控制方法的有效性与可行性。

深水钻井隔水管横向振动振型分析

为了分析深水钻井隔水管的横向振动固有频率和振型,综合考虑深水隔水管受到的顶部张紧力、海洋环境载荷、钻井平台漂移等作用力,借助微元法建立受力分析模型。根据连续梁理论和隔水管单元的动力学微分方程,确定其无阻尼自然振动基本方程,并进一步剖析建立隔水管横向振动固有频率微分方程和模态振型基本方程,然后进行数值求解。使用控制变量法逐步分析隔水管长度、张力比、自身材质对隔水管固有频率的影响和变化规律。通过MATLAB软件表现出不同阶数的振动振型,结果表明:控制张力比、合理选择隔水管类型能够有效提高固有频率,避免与波流力形成共振,进而保证深水钻井作业安全。此外,隔水管的振型并不是标准正弦曲线,振型会受时间的影响不断变化。

定频变占空比控制的倍压型宽增益LLC谐振变换器

传统LLC谐振变换器在宽电压范围应用时开关频率工作范围过宽,且电压调节性能较差。针对上述问题设计了一种定频变占空比的脉宽调制策略,该策略基于倍压结构的全桥LLC谐振变换器,通过改变原边侧开关网络工作在全桥和半桥的占空比,调节谐振槽输入电压;同时,控制副边侧双向开关,可改变整流网络工作在全桥和倍压两种整流模式的占比,最终实现4倍电压增益的调节范围。与变频控制相比,该策略下变换器负载和励磁电感对增益的影响较小,可选用较大的励磁电感来减小循环电流。变换器原边侧开关管实现ZVS导通,整流二极管实现ZCS关断。最后,仿真与实验验证了该调制策略下变换器的可行性。

永磁同步电机变频调速系统动态解耦控制方法

常规的永磁同步电机变频调速系统解耦控制,主要采用系统反馈信号完成解耦控制,忽略了反馈信号的预测误差,导致解耦控制结果负荷响应幅值不够稳定.因此,提出永磁同步电机变频调速系统动态解耦控制方法.建立系统数学模型,在该模型中分离系统模式系数获取控制信号,对该信号进行优化处理,基于输出期望值计算预测误差,加权修正预测值,形成动态控制信号,分离有功-无功信号实现动态解耦控制.实验结果表明:所提方法应用后得出的动态解耦控制结果,表现出的负荷响应幅值较为稳定,满足了永磁同步电机变频调速系统的实际解耦控制需求.

考虑不对称转速边界约束的变速抽蓄机组综合惯量调频控制

当系统出现频率跌落时,变速抽蓄机组可大幅降低转速、迅速释放转子动能,从而为系统提供惯量支撑,但目前已有的调频方案未能有效发挥变速抽蓄机组的这一优势。为充分利用转子动能,提出一种考虑不对称转速边界约束的变速抽蓄机组综合惯量调频控制策略。首先,从变速抽蓄机组的有功支撑特性和不对称转速约束条件出发,得出适用于变速抽蓄机组的最优频率控制结构,该结构中包含两个时间常数不同的虚拟惯量控制环节。然后,分析各惯量控制环节的作用并整定相关参数。在此基础上,计及变速抽蓄机组运行特性与电力系统调频需求,设计了变速抽蓄机组不对称综合惯量控制策略,使得机组转速降低时可以为系统提供更大的惯量支撑。仿真结果表明,所提调频策略能够充分发挥变速抽蓄机组的优势,维持系统频率稳定。

基于变下垂系数的风电全直流输电系统一次调频协调控制策略

风电场经直流汇集-直流送出的风电全直流输电系统中,直流系统的存在会解耦风电场和受端电网的频率耦合,在传统控制策略下对受端电网频率支撑能力弱。为此,提出一种针对风电全直流输电系统的一次调频变下垂协调控制策略。首先,提出基于Logistic函数的电压-频率变下垂频率传递策略,以直流系统电压为媒介,建立起电网频率与风电场功率的耦合关系。基于该频率传递策略,构建了由受端换流站的变下垂虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)控制、直流升压站的改进双闭环控制及风力发电机的变下垂减载控制组成的风电全直流输电系统一次调频协调控制策略,实现系统无通信传递频率并参与电网一次调频。最后,利用Matlab/Simulink软件搭建风电全直流输电系统仿真模型,在不同工况下进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能使风电场在不依赖远端通信的情况下实现对电网的一次调频,同时,有效减小了调频过程中直流电压的波动幅度。

煤矿井下水力压裂自动控制系统设计

分析指出目前煤矿井下水力压裂技术面临压裂泵输出压力和流量无法快速精确调节、远程安全监控效果及自动化水平有待提高等难题。设计了一种煤矿井下水力压裂自动控制系统。根据煤矿井下水力压裂工艺及系统构成,明确了控制系统关键技术为高压大流量压裂泵输出流量和压力的快速精确调节,远程高可靠性安全、高速实时监控,一键启停及图形化分析等。以KXH12本安型控制器为核心,搭配变频器、组合开关、监控主机、电动开度球阀等设备,以及光纤加CAN总线的双线冗余通信方案,研发了控制系统硬件,并编制了压裂泵控制器、水箱控制器及中央控制器软件,实现了压裂系统快速变流量注水、稳定保压及远程高速实时监控和报警等功能。在煤矿现场对水力压裂自动控制系统进行工业性试验,结果表明该系统压力控制精度为0.1 MPa,流量控制精度为0.1 m3/h,在连续完成14次压裂过程中,每次煤岩层开裂后均能实现较好的保压效果,且操作简单,安全性高,满足煤矿井下水力压裂工艺要求。

孤岛微电网系统的混合控制策略及动态滤波技术研究

应用于孤岛型微电网以实现频率控制功能的传统控制器多为分数阶PID(fractional order PID,FOPID)控制器及模糊分数阶PID(fuzzy fractional order PID,FFOPID)控制器,二者的控制性能均存在局限性。针对这一问题,设计了一种变论域混合FFOPID控制器,用于提高孤岛微电网的频率控制性能。通过对比FOPID、FFOPID以及变论域混合FFOPID3种控制器作用时的不同效果,证明了变论域混合FFOPID控制器相比其他控制器对于孤岛微电网的频率控制有着更好的控制性能。同时考虑了反馈信号受到测量噪声干扰时对控制器的控制性能产生影响进而使得孤岛微电网频率波动增大的情况,并针对此问题使用了动态数据校正(dynamic datareconciliation,DDR)滤波技术。通过对比时域仿真中FOPID、FFOPID以及变论域混合FFOPID控制器各自作用时孤岛微电网频率偏差的输出结果,验证了DDR滤波技术对孤岛微电网的频率控制的显著效果。

风电场与多分布式变速抽水蓄能协同调频控制

针对单个变速抽蓄调频容量不足和风电场调频后转子转速恢复容易引发频率二次跌落的问题,提出一种风电场与多分布式变速抽水蓄能协同调频控制策略。首先,当电网发生频率事件时,该策略根据风电场风速和区域内多分布式变速抽水蓄能可调节容量对电网频率提供支撑。然后,针对风电调频后转子转速恢复过程容易引发系统频率二次跌落的问题,在风电转子转速恢复时通过多分布式变速抽蓄提供功率支撑来缓解系统频率二次跌落。最后,以含风电场与分布式变速抽蓄的四机两区域系统为例,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了所提控制策略相比风电场和多分布式变速抽水蓄能独立调频对于系统具有更好的调频效果。

双有源桥串联欠谐振变换器的最小回流电流控制

该文采用时域分析法对双有源桥串联欠谐振电路进行了分析,得到电感电流在稳态时的表达式并推导所有开关管实现软开关的条件。由于电压增益偏离1时仅采用移相控制难以实现所有开关管的软开关,因此,该文在传统移相控制的基础上,引入额外的变频控制策略,使得电路在不同的电压增益和负载条件下都能有较好的软开关性能。然而,软开关的实现会增加电路的回流电流,影响电路的传输效率。该文对所提出的变频移相控制进行了进一步的优化,使其可以在确保电路实现软开关的同时产生最小的回流电流和电感电流有效值。所提出的控制策略在一台2 kW的样机中进行了验证。

Frequency Regulation of VSC-MTDC System with Offshore Wind Farms

Frequency regulation of voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system with offshore wind farms enhances the frequency stability by compensating the power for a disturbed AC system.However,it is difficult to reasonably allocate frequency-regulation resources due to a lack of coordination mechanisms between wind farms and the MTDC system.Moreover,it is difficult for the frequency control of the wind farms to manage changes in wind speed;and the risk of wind-turbine stalls is high.Thus,based on the kinetic energy of wind turbines and the power margin of the converters,the frequency-regulation capability of wind turbines is evaluated,and a dynamic frequency-support scheme considering the real-time frequency-support capability of the wind turbines and system frequency evolution is proposed to improve the frequency-support performance.A power adaptation technique at variable wind speeds is developed;the active power in the frequency-support stage and restoration stage is switched according to the wind speed.A hierarchical zoning frequency-regulation scheme is designed to use the frequency-regulation resources of different links in the MTDC system with wind farms.The simulation results show that the novel frequency-regulation strategy maintains frequency stability with wind-speed changes and avoids multiple frequency dips.