The Customer Requirements Analysis Method of Engineering Products Based on Multiple Preference Information

To effectively evaluate the fuzziness of the market environment in product planning,a customer requirements analysis method based on multiple preference information is proposed.Firstly,decision-makers use a preferred information form to evaluate the importance of each customer requirement.Secondly,a transfer function is employed to unify various forms of preference information into a fuzzy complementary judgment matrix.The ranking vector is then calculated using row and normalization methods,and the initial importance of customer requirements is obtained by aggregating the weights of decision members.Finally,the correction coefficients of initial importance and each demand are synthesized,and the importance of customer requirements is determined through normalization.The development example of the PE jaw crusher demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

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Applying CBR to Machine Tool Product Configuration Design Oriented to Customer Requirements

Product customization is a trend in the current market-oriented manufacturing environment. However, deduction from customer requirements to design results and evaluation of design alternatives are still heavily reliant on the designer＇s experience and knowledge. To solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of customer requirements in product configuration, an analysis method based on the grey rough model is presented. The customer requirements can be converted into technical characteristics effectively. In addition, an optimization decision model for product planning is established to help the enterprises select the key technical characteristics under the constraints of cost and time to serve the customer to maximal satisfaction. A new case retrieval approach that combines the self-organizing map and fuzzy similarity priority ratio method is proposed in case-based design. The self-organizing map can reduce the retrieval range and increase the retrieval efficiency, and the fuzzy similarity priority ratio method can evaluate the similarity of cases comprehensively. To ensure that the final case has the based on grey correlation analysis is proposed to evaluate similar cases best overall performance, an evaluation method of similar cases to select the most suitable case. Furthermore, a computer-aided system is developed using MATLAB GUI to assist the product configuration design. The actual example and result on an ETC series machine tool product show that the proposed method is effective, rapid and accurate in the process of product configuration. The proposed methodology provides a detailed instruction for the product configuration design oriented to customer requirements.

Hybrid customer requirements rating method for customer-oriented product design using QFD

Quality function deployment （QFD） is a well-known customer-oriented product design methodology. Rating the final importance of customer requirements （CRs） is really a very es- sential starting point in the implementation of QFD, since it largely affects the target setting value of design requirements. This pa- per aims to propose a novel method to deal with the relative importance ratings （RIRs） of CRs problem considering customers＇ diversified requirements and unknown information on customers＇ weights, which is an indispensable process for determining the final importance ratings of CRs. First, a new concept of customer＇s assessment structure is proposed according to the basic idea of grey relational analysis （GRA）, and then a constrained nonlinear optimization model is constructed to describe the assessment information aggregation factors of CRs considering customers＇ personalized and diversified requirements. Furthermore, an im- mune particle swarm optimization （IPSO） algorithm is designed to solve the model, and the weight vector of customers is obtained. Finally, a car door design example is introduced to illustrate the novel hybrid GRA-IPSO method＇s potential application in deter- mining the RIRs of CRs.

Customer Requirements Mapping Method Based on Association Rule Mining for Mass Customization

Customer requirements analysis is the key step for product variety design of mass customiza-tion(MC). Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used management technique for understanding the voice of the customer (VOC), however, QFD depends heavily on human subject judgment during extracting customer requirements and determination of the importance weights of customer requirements. QFD pro-cess and related problems are so complicated that it is not easily used. In this paper, based on a general data structure of product family, generic bill of material (GBOM), association rules analysis was introduced to construct the classification mechanism between customer requirements and product architecture. The new method can map customer requirements to the items of product family architecture respectively, accomplish the mapping process from customer domain to physical domain directly, and decrease mutual process between customer and designer, improve the product design quality, and thus furthest satisfy customer needs. Finally, an example of customer requirements mapping of the elevator cabin was used to illustrate the proposed method.

Omni-Channel Retailing and Firm Performance from a Customer Lifetime Value Perspective

In the digital era,retailers are keen to find out whether omni-channel retailing helps improve long-term firm performance.In this paper,we employ machine learning techniques on a large consumption data set in order to measure customer lifetime value(CLV)as the basis for determining long-term firm performance,and we provide an empirical analysis of the relationship between omni-channel retailing and CLV.The results suggest that omni-channel retailing may effectively enhance CLV.Further analysis reveals that this process is influenced by heterogeneous consumer requirements and that significant differences exist in the extent to which the omni-channel transition may influence CLV depending on consumer preferences for diversity of commodities,sensitivity to the cost of contract performance,and sensitivity to warehousing costs.Hence,retailers should provide consumers with a complete portfolio of goods and services based on target consumers’heterogeneous requirements in order to increase omni-channel efficiency.

Estimating the minimum in-stream flow requirements via wetted perimeter method based on curvature and slope techniques

Under the assumptions of triangular cross section channel and uniform stable flow, an analytical solution of the minimum ecological in-stream flow requirement （MEIFR） is deduced. Based on the analytical solution, the uncertainty of the wetted perimeter method is analyzed by comparing the two techniques for the determination of the critical point on the relationship curve between wetted perimeter, P and discharge, Q. It is clearly shown that the results of MEIFR based on curvature technique （corresponding to the maximum curvature） and slope technique （slope being 1） are significantly different. On the P-Q curve, the slope of the critical point with the maximum curvature is 0.39 and the MEIFR varied prominently with the change of the slope threshold. This indicates that if a certain value of the slope threshold is not available for slope technique, curvature technique may be a better choice. By applying the analytical solution of MEIFR in the losing rivers of the Western Route South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China, the MEIFR value via curvature technique is 2.5%-23.7% of the multi-year average annual discharge, while that for slope technique is 11%-105.7%. General conclusions would rely on the more detailed research for all kinds of cross-sections.

A Method for Service-Oriented Personalized Requirements Analysis

The development of Web service has changed the process of software production, and requirements engineering becomes the key issue of service-oriented software engineering. Meantime, it reduces the degree of difficulty of software production, which facilitates end-users to customize software according to their personalized requirements. The paper proposes a method for service-oriented personalized requirements analysis, which is based on domain goal model and process model. The method can inform users of potential errors in requirements by detecting the correctness of requirements, which is driven by users’ personalized operations on goal models, and customize personalized processes to satisfy users’ requirements by reusing domain processes. The personalized processes are the basis for Web service discovery and composition.

REQUIREMENT PRODUCT CONFIGURATION IN MASS CUSTOMIZATION

On the basis of researching on requirement product configuration in mass customization, the concept of product family requirement class （PFRC） and requirement-matching template are put forward. A case-based requirement product configuration （CB-RPC） model and corresponding requirement product model are established. The result of requirement product configuration is obtained by using the method of two-level similar matching. In addition, the effect of the method on requirement responding is analyzed. Finally, the model and the method given are applied in elevator industry, and have improved the enterorise＇s ability of rapid responding to customer＇s reouirements.

Innovative Product Design Based on Customer Requirement Weight Calculation Model

In the processes of product innovation and design, it is important for the designers to find and capture customer＇s focus through customer requirement weight calculation and ranking. Based on the fuzzy set theory and Euclidean space distance, this paper puts forward a method for customer requirement weight calculation called Euclidean space distances weighting ranking method. This method is used in the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process that satisfies the additive consistent fuzzy matrix. A model for the weight calculation steps is constructed; meanwhile, a product innovation design module on the basis of the customer requirement weight calculation model is developed. Finally, combined with the instance of titanium sponge production, the customer requirement weight calculation model is validated. By the innovation design module, the structure of the titanium sponge reactor has been improved and made innovative.

服装个性化定制中信息技术的应用与展望

随着人们个性化需求的不断增加,服装个性化定制已成为时尚发展趋势之一。信息技术在推动服装个性化定制发展中扮演着重要的角色,可以收集和处理用户的个性化信息,并将其转化为具体的设计和生产方案。文章首先对服装产业信息技术的研究进展进行总结,阐述新一代信息技术在服装产业的应用情况;其次分析了信息技术在服装个性化定制领域的应用现状,按照定制流程分别总结信息技术在提高生产效率、降低成本和满足用户需求方面的优势及不足;最后根据目前服装个性化定制在数据共享、协同设计和柔性生产等方面的需求,从建模技术和系统平台构建两个方面对服装个性化定制发展进行展望。

产品服务系统设计中顾客需求重要度确定方法研究

为了准确地反映产品服务系统设计中的顾客需求,文章基于手段-目的链理论从顾客期望角度获取顾客需求,提出了云模型、模糊DEMATEL和改进的分析型Kano模型相结合的方法确定顾客需求重要度。利用云模型解决专家评价模糊不确定问题,确定顾客需求初始重要度。考虑到顾客需求间的有向影响关系,引入模糊DEMATEL方法,对顾客需求初始重要度进行修正。基于贴近度的顾客需求分类准则,构建了改进的分析型Kano模型,引入基于顾客满意度的顾客需求重要度指数和满意度指数,确定顾客需求最终重要度。以某数控机床产品服务系统设计为例,验证了所提模型的可行性和有效性。

一种基于客户需求挖掘的产品定制化方法与实例研究

大规模个性化定制是面向客户个性化需求的定制生产模式,代表了现代生产的发展方向。为了适应大规模个性化定制的发展要求,本文提出了一种基于客户需求挖掘的产品定制化方法。该方法以情感分析为手段,以评论数据为驱动,通过基于产品—竞品比较的产品定制化特征挖掘实现客户需求挖掘;基于产品族架构对产品进行定制化改进,采用遗传算法对评论挖掘得到的待优化特征加以优化求解。文中开展了与所提出方法对应的案例研究,以某国产全自动洗衣机为例,将本文方法用于产品的定制化改进,通过对改进过程的各环节的展示,验证了所提出方法的有效性,可为大规模个性化定制生产模式的实现提供技术层面的支持。

基于FSRce模型的机电产品绿色概念设计方案生成方法

针对部分机电产品在概念设计阶段未综合考虑客户和环境的需求,进而影响产品详细设计的问题,提出了一种基于功能—结构—客户和环境需求(function‒structure‒requirements of customer and environment,FSRce)模型的机电产品绿色概念设计方案生成方法。首先,从案例库中选择合适的功能和结构对现有产品设计树中的节点进行扩展和关联;同时通过数据挖掘、专家打分等方法获得产品的客户和环境需求重要度,以构建基于FSRce模型的产品概念设计空间。然后,先利用加权区间粗糙数法对客户和环境需求重要度进行分析,得到需求相对重要度,再运用模糊质量功能展开(fuzzy quality function deployment,FQFD)将需求相对重要度转化为产品的工程特性权重。最后,利用物元理论构建基于工程特性的产品物元域和各结构物元集,并结合工程特性权重得到各结构的满意度分值,通过比较满意度优选得到满足客户和环境需求的产品概念设计方案。以某小型工业吹风机为例,基于上述方法对其概念设计方案进行优化。相比于原始方案,优化后的吹风机在能源消耗上降低了15.38%,在碳排放上降低了15.32%,且客户满意度提高了44.66%,由此验证了所提出方法的可行性与有效性。所提出的方法为机电产品概念设计方案的生成提供了一种新思路,能更好地辅助设计人员实现对机电产品的绿色设计。

创新工作要求对新生代员工工作旺盛感的影响研究——压力评价的中介作用

随着“新生代”逐步迈进职场,该群体的工作态度受到广泛关注。本文基于资源保存理论,旨在探究新生代员工的创新工作要求与工作旺盛感之间的关系,以压力评价作为中介机制,并剖析了环境不确定性的调节作用。实证研究结果表明:创新工作要求正向影响工作旺盛感,挑战评价、阻碍评价在两者关系间起中介作用;环境不确定性正向调节挑战评价与工作旺盛感间的关系。本研究为深入理解创新工作要求与新生代员工工作旺盛感间的潜在中间机制及边界条件提供了探索方向,同时为企业推进创新行为提供了重要参考。

面向船舶通信应用场景的5G小基站覆盖方案设计与验证

随着5G设备部署密度逐步增大,5G大时代来临,单纯从增加宏基站部署的角度来看,成本价格太高,另一方面,5G toB、toC个性化需求逐步增加。针对5G频段上移、穿墙能力减弱、个性化要求的问题,5G一体化小基站应运而生,并在补盲、补热范畴作用逐步提升。针对水上作业通信困难的问题,提出了一种新型基于CPE的组网方案,该方法安装便捷、价格低廉,极大满足用户需求,可大范围推广。

考虑相似性和不确定性的军队后勤保障装备体系贡献率评估

针对我军后勤保障装备体系贡献率评估中存在因素复杂、不确定信息较多、评估难度较大的问题,以我军后勤保障装备体系为研究对象,从保障功能完备性、体系结构优化、体系技术进步和关键能力提升等4个维度构建了多层次的贡献率评估指标体系。构建了基于相似性最大的组合赋权模型;给出了融合三角直觉模糊加权几何交叉影响平均算子和TODIM的体系贡献率评估模型。案例分析结果表明,该模型解释性好、操作性强、实用性优,能够为后勤保障装备迭代更新及装备体系论证规划提供有效的决策支持。

机场导航类服务机器人的需求分析及提升策略研究——基于KANO模型及顾客满意度的需求优先级分析

目前机场智能设备使用率较低,有必要掌握机场乘客对机场智能设备的使用需求。研究旨在通过调查用户对机场导航类机器人的服务需求,明确进一步服务改善方向。研究采用了焦点小组访谈、KANO模型问卷及Better-Worse系数对用户需求进行了提炼及分类。结果表明:用户对导航类机器人的需求类别被划分为3个必备型需求、5个期望型需求、7个魅力型需求、5个无差异型需求。其中自助值机、机场各项设施介绍、登机口引导为必备型需求;食品配送服务、转机流程查询、搬运行李、语言识别功能、航班信息查询为期望型需求;餐饮推荐及预订、机场餐饮就餐人数提醒、多语言系统、纪念品商店引导、机场餐饮价格标注及导航、机场咖啡店引导、智能聊天功能为魅力型需求。研究结果有助于向机场导航类机器人的研发部门提供服务改善策略的新见解。

重庆市夏季电力气象用户需求分析

【目的】面对日益增加的夏季电力气象服务用户需求和激烈的市场竞争,必须明确用户需求的优先顺序,为有序改善产品提供参考。【方法】利用Kano模型,通过问卷调查的方式收集了受试者对各项需求点的反馈,并计算B系数和W系数,绘制B-W象限图,得到17个需求点的需求类型和优先级排序。【结果】17个需求点可分为基本型(6个,35%)、期望型(4个,24%)、魅力型(4个,24%)和无差异型(3个,18%)4种类型。基本型最多,无差异型最少,各类型间界限较清晰。各需求点优先级顺序较明确,即用户首先要求产品应准时、内容完整和节点透明,其次要求产品应具备较高的准确率和个性化水平,最后要求产品的美观模块化程度便于高效地抽取使用并及时得到专家支持,而产品是否处于商用化阶段和是否有特色的优先级最差。但值得关注的是D16特色产品的需求点被视为魅力型需求的票数高达20票(共50票),接近归类于魅力型需求(21票)。【结论】应以智能化业务系统建设和提升专家支持服务水平为工作核心来满足用户需求。

A Research Review on the Key Technologies of Intelligent Design for Customized Products

The development of technologies such as big data and cyber-physical systems （CPSs） has increased the demand for product design. Product digital design involves completing the product design process using advanced digital technologies such as geometry modeling, kinematic and dynamic simulation, multi- disciplinary coupling, virtual assembly, virtual reality （VR）, multi-objective optimization （MOO）, and human-computer interaction. The key technologies of intelligent design for customized products include： a description and analysis of customer requirements （CRs）, product family design （PFD） for the customer base, configuration and modular design for customized products, variant design for customized products, and a knowledge push for product intelligent design. The development trends in intelligent design for customized products include big-data-driven intelligent design technology for customized products and customized design tools and applications. The proposed method is verified by the design of precision computer numerical control （CNC） machine tools.