Development of NR/SBR Based Rubber Compounds with Low Hys­teresis and High Durability for Transmission V-Belts Applications

Power transmission by the belts is defined as,the transmission of power by a moving pulley to one or more driven machines through a flexible non-metallic member.There are different types of V-belts available,and Transmission Belts are one of them.Transmission V-Belt is the first invented non-metallic belts.Nowadays V-belts are used in various conditions,especially high-power transmission.These V-belts are finding their importance in many heavy industries.One of the good features of this type belt is no slippage occurs during the run.NR and SBR have used elastomers and can act as a base rubber material for this purpose.This study includes the compounding improvement for transmission V-Belts with NR and SBR rubber blends.There were so many numbers of failures in different ways during the initial research.Product failure methods and effect analysis(PFMA)have done by testing the belts multiple times and it has found that the major factors for the failure and less durability were excessive heat build-up(HBU)and poor fatigue resistance,poor crack initiation and growth,the resistance of the materials.So,initially reduction of HBU has successfully made in many steps by studying the properties of various compounds with a different type of fillers combinations,rubber combinations,curing systems variations etc.We have also improved the adhesion strength with cord and fabrics.Initially,we have taken one compound showing better properties in all aspects and have taken Belt Trial.And after some more improvement,we have found a compound showing better properties in all the cases than first trial and regular trials.By using that compound,we have developed Belts and showing better durability than earlier experiments and regular production.

Response Surface Methodology Approach for Transmission Optimization of V-Belt Drive

The aim of this study was to develop an efficient and realistic response surface optimization technique for the design of V-belt drive for optimum power output of the drive in machinery design. Optimization mathematical model of the V-belt drive was constructed. The power output of the belt drive was modeled and optimized by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the extent of influence of each independent variables on the power output response of the belt drive. A RSM optimization process was proposed to calculate optimal power output for V-belt drive given a set of pulley diameter for the drive employed in a tilling machine. The analysis showed that optimum power output of the drive for workshop light operation machinery could be obtained at driving and driven pulley radius range of 550 - 900 mm and 250 - 500 mm. An optimum power output of 1418.76 kW was obtained at driving and driven pulley radius of 846 and 486 mm respectively for a farm tilling machine.

Optimum Determination of Partial Transmission Ratios of Mechanical Driven Systems Using a V-belt and a Helical Gearbox with Second-Step Double Gear-Sets

This paper presents a study on the optimum determination of partial transmission ratios of a mechanical drive system using a V-belt and a helical gearbox with second-step double gear-sets in order to get the minimum size of the system. The chosen objective function was the cross section dimension of the system. In the optimization problem, the design equation for pitting resistance of a gear set was investigated and equations on moment equilibrium condition of a mechanic system including a V-belt and a helical gearbox with second-step double gear-sets and their regular resistance condition were analysed. Based on the results of the study, effective formulas for calculation of the partial ratios of the V-belt and a helical gearbox with second-step double gear-sets were proposed. By using explicit models, the partial ratios can be determined accurately and simply.

Optimum Determination of Partial Transmission Ratios of Mechanical Driven Systems Using a V-belt and a Three-Step Helical Gearbox

This paper introduces a new study on the optimum calculation of partial transmission ratios of a mechanical drive system using a V-belt and a three-step helical gearbox in order to get the minimum size of the system. The chosen objective function was the cross section dimension of the system. In solving the optimization problem, the design equation for pitting resistance of a gear set was investigated and equations on moment equilibrium condition of a mechanic system including a V-belt and three helical gear units and their regular resistance condition were analysed. From the results of the study, effective formulas for determination of the partial ratios of the V-belt and three-step helical gearboxes were introduced. As using explicit models, the partial ratios can be determined accurately and simply.

Optimization Transmission Efficiency with Driver Intention for Automotive Continuously Variable Transmission under Slip Mode

This study proposes and experimentally validates an optimal integrated system to control the automotive continuously variable transmission(CVT)by Model Predictive Control(MPC)to achieve its expected transmission efficiency range.The control system framework consists of top and bottom layers.In the top layer,a driving intention recognition system is designed on the basis of fuzzy control strategy to determine the relationship between the driver intention and CVT target ratio at the corresponding time.In the bottom layer,a new slip state dynamic equation is obtained considering slip characteristics and its related constraints,and a clamping force bench is established.Innovatively,a joint controller based on model predictive control(MPC)is designed taking internal combustion engine torque and slip between the metal belt and pulley as optimization dual targets.A cycle is attained by solving the optimization target to achieve optimum engine torque and the input slip in real-time.Moreover,the new controller provides good robustness.Finally,performance is tested by actual CVT vehicles.Results show that compared with traditional control,the proposed control improves vehicle transmission efficiency by approximately 9.12%-9.35%with high accuracy.

Finding Cut-Edges and the Minimum Spanning Tree via Semi-Tensor Product Approach

Using the semi-tensor product of matrices, this paper investigates cycles of graphs with application to cut-edges and the minimum spanning tree, and presents a number of new results and algorithms. Firstly, by defining a characteristic logical vector and using the matrix expression of logical functions, an algebraic description is obtained for cycles of graph, based on which a new necessary and sufficient condition is established to find all cycles for any graph. Secondly, using the necessary and sufficient condition of cycles, two algorithms are established to find all cut-edges and the minimum spanning tree, respectively. Finally, the study of an illustrative example shows that the results/algorithms presented in this paper are effective.

Stress distribution and fatigue life of nonlinear vibration of an axially moving beam

In this paper, the effects of the nonlinear vibration on stress distribution and fatigue life of the axially moving beam are studied.The parametric excitation of the flexible material is created by the pulsating moving speed. Three-to-one internal resonance condition is satisfied. The three-parameter model is adopted in the viscoelastic constitutive relation. The nonlinear vibration of the axially moving beam with parametric and internal resonance are studied by using the direct multiple scales method(MSM)with numerical simulation confirmation. Based on the approximate analytical solution, the distribution of tensile stress and bending stress on the axially moving beam is presented by adopting a V-belt as the prototype. Based on the maximum stable cyclic stress, the limit cycle response of the V-belt is utilized to evaluate the effect of the resonance on the fatigue life. Also, the influences of the internal resonance on the steady-state responses and the fatigue life of the V-belt are revealed. Numerical examples illustrate that large unwanted resonances occur and the second-order mode receives vibration energy from to the firstorder mode. The numerical results demonstrate that the nonlinear vibration significantly reduces the fatigue life of the V-belt.The fatigue life analysis method in this paper can be applied to the excited vibration of other axially moving systems and even static continuum.