Cutting edge curve models for equal pitch cutters and their applications

A mathematic model is established using infinitesimal geometry for the cutting edge design of special milling cutters which use equal lead helix as cutting edges; equations are given for front-end and proclitic surface of revolution of ball pillar milling cutters, ball taper milling cutters and angularly conical milling cutters; and corresponding models are established for the continuity cutting edge curves of milling cutters. Typical examples are given to illustrate the applications of mathematic models, which prove the correctness and applicability of these geometric models.

01122 Cutting Edge强调需加强研发工作与销售的联系

医药信息公司Cutting Edge Information在一篇题目为“药物上市的早期阶段：研究开发与商业化的统一”的报告中提出，已有一些公司研发计划表的焦点从目前主导的潜在“巨磅炸弹型”肿瘤候选药转移到较小患者人群的高利润合适产品，因此在产品开发的早期阶段，研究开发小组就需与销售小组密切联系。

Computer Aided Design Technology for Convex Faceted Gem Cuts Based on the Half-Edge Data Structure

Aiming to increase the efficiency of gem design and manufacturing, a new method in computer-aided-design (CAD) of convex faceted gem cuts (CFGC) based on Half-edge data structure (HDS), including the algorithms for the implementation is presented in this work. By using object-oriented methods, geometrical elements of CFGC are classified and responding geometrical feature classes are established. Each class is implemented and embedded based on the gem process. Matrix arithmetic and analytical geometry are used to derive the affine transformation and the cutting algorithm. Based on the demand for a diversity of gem cuts, CAD functions both for free-style faceted cuts and parametric designs of typical cuts and visualization and human-computer interactions of the CAD system including two-dimensional and three-dimensional interactions have been realized which enhances the flexibility and universality of the CAD system. Furthermore, data in this CAD system can also be used directly by the gem CAM module, which will promote the gem CAD/CAM integration.

The Maximum Size of an Edge Cut and Graph Homomorphisms

For a graph G, let b(G)=max﹛|D|: Dis an edge cut of G﹜ . For graphs G and H, a map Ψ: V(G)→V(H) is a graph homomorphism if for each e=uv∈E(G), Ψ(u)Ψ(v)∈E(H). In 1979, Erd?s proved by probabilistic methods that for p ≥ 2 with if there is a graph homomorphism from G onto Kp then b(G)≥f(p)|E(G)| In this paper, we obtained the best possible lower bounds of b(G) for graphs G with a graph homomorphism onto a Kneser graph or a circulant graph and we characterized the graphs G reaching the lower bounds when G is an edge maximal graph with a graph homomorphism onto a complete graph, or onto an odd cycle.

Experimental Study on Wear Characteristics of PCBN Tool with Variable Chamfered Edge

Owing to heavy dynamic and thermal loads, PCBN tools are seriously worn during hard cutting, which largely constrains the improvement of their machining performance. Therein, the chamfered structure of a cutting edge has a notable influence on the tool wear. Thus, a comparative study was carried out on the wear morphology and wear mechanism of PCBN tools with either a variable chamfered edge or an invariable chamfered edge. The results indicate that, for a PCBN tool with a variable chamfered edge, the rake wear area is far from the cutting edge and slowly extends toward it. A shallow large-area crater wear occurs on the rake face, and the flank wear area has a long triangular shape with a smaller wear area and width, and the cutting edge remains in a good state during the cutting process. In contrast, for a PCBN tool with an invariable chamfered edge, a deep small-area crater appears on the rake face, and the wear area is close to the cutting edge and quickly extends toward it. Thus, it is easy for chips to accumulate in the crater, resulting in large-area and high-speed wear on the flank face. In addition, the tool shows a weak wear resistance. In the initial wear stage, the rake wear mechanism of the two cutting tools is a mixture of abrasive, oxidation, and other types of wear, whereas their flank wear mechanism is dominated by abrasive wear. With an aggravation of the tool wear, the oxidation and diffusion wear mechanism are both increasingly strengthened. The rake wear of the cutter with a variable chamfered edge showed an obvious increase in the oxidation and diffusion wear, as did the flank wear of the cutter with an invariable chamfered edge. This study revealed the wear mechanism of the PCBN tool with a variable chamfered edge and provided theoretical and technological support for its popularization and application in the machining of high-hardness materials.

Approach for Polishing Diamond Coated Complicated Cutting Tool: Abrasive Flow Machining(AFM)

Lower surface roughness and sharper cutting edge are beneficial for improving the machining quality of the cut?ting tool, while coatings often deteriorate them. Focusing on the diamond coated WC?Co milling cutter, the abrasive flow machining(AFM) is selected for reducing the surface roughness and sharpening the cutting edge. Comparative cutting tests are conducted on di erent types of coated cutters before and after AFM, as well as uncoated WC?Co one, demonstrating that the boron?doped microcrystalline and undoped fine?grained composite diamond coated cutter after the AFM(AFM?BDM?UFGCD) is a good choice for the finish milling of the 6063 Al alloy in the present case, because it shows favorable machining quality close to the uncoated one, but much prolonged tool lifetime. Besides, compared with the micro?sized diamond films, it is much more convenient and e cient to finish the BDM?UFGCD coated cutter covered by nano?sized diamond grains, and resharpen its cutting edge by the AFM, owing to the lower initial surface roughness and hardness. Moreover, the boron incorporation and micro?sized grains in the underly?ing layer can enhance the film?substrate adhesion, avoid the rapid film removal in the machining process, and thus maximize the tool life(1040 m, four times more than the uncoated one). In general, the AFM is firstly proposed and discussed for post?processing the diamond coated complicated cutting tools, which is proved to be feasible for improving the cutting performance

基于AdvantEdge的硬态精车过程仿真

为探讨硬态精车过程中工艺参数对工件和刀具的影响,采用专门的金属切削仿真软件Advant Edge,建立精车H13淬硬钢的三维有限元模型,对其车削力、刀片切削温度、刀片应力以及切屑进行分析。结果表明:硬态车削过程中,切深抗力在切削过程中起着重要作用,在进给量小于一定值时,切深抗力可以大于主切削力;切削速度越大,刀片温度越高,切削力越小,刀片应力越小,有利于加工表面成型;切削刃半径越小,切削力小,刀片应力小,有利于提高切削加工性能,但小的切削刃半径容易导致刀片磨损;硬态车削切屑呈锯齿状,切屑温度带状分布,切削速度越高,进给量越大,切屑温度越高。研究结论可用于硬态切削过程中的工艺参数优化和刀具及其涂层材料的选择与设计。

An Indentation Method for Nanoprecision Measurement of Diamond Tool Edge Radius

In ductile mode cutting of brittle materials using di amond tools, such as ductile cutting of silicon and quartz for wafer fabrication , one of the key conditions for achieving ductile chip formation is to get the r ight ratio of tool cutting edge radius to the undeformed chip thickness. It has been shown that the undeformed chip thickness has to be in the order of nanomete rs and that the tool cutting edge radius has to be smaller than the undeformed c hip thickness. Therefore, nanoprecision measurement of diamond cutting tools has become a key issue for ductile mode cutting of brittle materials. In this paper , a non-destructive nanoprecision measurement method for diamond tool cutting e dge radius is presented. The basis of the method is that the exact profile of th e tool cutting edge can be perfectly copied by indenting the tool cutting edge o n the surface of a rigid-perfect plastic material, and that the copy of the pro file can be measured at nanoprecision level. Ideally, the first aspect of th e method is to make a perfect copy of the tool cutting edge profile by indentati on on the surface of a rigid-perfect plastic material which has no elastic spri ng back, so that a true copy of the tool cutting edge is maintained for subseque nt measurement. Since no rigid-perfect plastic material can be found in realit y, actual materials of rigid-elastic-plastic nature have to be used for the in dentation in the measurement method, and the material elastic error compensation coefficients have to be determined to cancel out the effect of elastic spring b ack. For the minimization of error compensation, criteria for the selection of t he optimal materials for the indentation measurement are found to be: 1) high ri gidity and high density, 2) large Young’s elastic modulus, and 3) low yield strength. One of such materials identified is copper. The second aspect of the method is to measure the radius of the indented profile on the surface of the ma terial. This can be achieved by using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and in t his paper the results for measurement of diamond tool edge radii of nanometer sc ales by indentation on a copper material are presented. The elastic error compen sation coefficient for the copper material is determined through the indentation of a tungsten carbide tool edge on the copper surface. By comparing the actual tool edge radius measured using SEM on the sectional view of the tungsten carbid e tool with the one measured from the copied profile of the tool edge on the cop per surface, the coefficient is obtained. Analysis is given for the accuracy of the proposed method, showing that as far as the elastic compensation coefficient is consistent with the material used for the indentation measurement, the only source of errors with the measurement will come from the device for measuring th e indented profile on the surface of the solid, in this case it will come from t he AFM which measures on the sub-nanometer scales.

Edge preparation methods for cutting tools:a review

Edge preparation can remove cutting edge defects,such as burrs,chippings,and grinding marks,generated in the grinding process and improve the cutting performance and service life of tools.Various edge preparation methods have been proposed for different tool matrix materials,geometries,and application requirements.This study presents a scientific and systematic review of the development of tool edge preparation technology and provides ideas for its future development.First,typical edge characterization methods,which associate the microgeometric characteristics of the cutting edge with cutting performance,are briefly introduced.Then,edge preparation methods for cutting tools,in which materials at the cutting edge area are removed to decrease defects and obtain a suitable microgeometry of the cutting edge for machining,are discussed.New edge preparation methods are explored on the basis of existing processing technologies,and the principles,advantages,and limitations of these methods are systematically summarized and analyzed.Edge preparation methods are classified into two categories:mechanical processing methods and nontraditional processing methods.These methods are compared from the aspects of edge consistency,surface quality,efficiency,processing difficulty,machining cost,and general availability.In this manner,a more intuitive understanding of the characteristics can be gained.Finally,the future development direction of tool edge preparation technology is prospected.

Error assessment of laser cutting predictions by semi-supervised learning

Experimentation data of perspex glass sheet cutting, using CO2 laser, with missing values were modelled with semi-supervised artificial neural networks. Factorial design of experiment was selected for the verification of orthogonal array based model prediction. It shows improvement in modelling of edge quality and kerf width by applying semi-supervised learning algorithm, based on novel error assessment on simulations. The results are expected to depict better prediction on average by utilizing the systematic randomized techniques to initialize the neural network weights and increase the number of initialization. Missing values handling is difficult with statistical tools and supervised learning techniques; on the other hand, semi-supervised learning generates better results with the smallest datasets even with missing values.

STUDY ON THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF SIDEPACKING IN THE ROADWAYS MAINTAINED ALONG GOB-EDGE

On the basis of practice this paper studies the effect mechanism of roadway sidepackings of sing-cement material with high water content, the mechanical model and formula for caleulating the parameters of sidepackings are obtained. The results gained by caleulation in the paper are consistent with that measured in the field. And this provides a basis for the roadway sidepacking support design.

优化物理化学学科资助布局,提升科学基金资助效能

本文总结了物理化学学科代码的设立和调整变化情况,结合近十年物理化学学科研究发展趋势,论述了自2018年物理化学学科代码优化调整为催化与表界面化学和化学理论与机制以来,优化学科布局对于促进学科前沿基础研究和提升科学基金资助效能方面起到了重要作用,提出了在优化学科布局方面的思考和建议,为后续学科发展战略提供参考。

采煤机截割部低照度图像的边缘检测技术

针对井下低照度环境下采煤机截割部边缘检测任务中存在的边缘缺失、细节模糊等问题,提出一种基于分数阶微分的边缘检测Lif算法。首先采用更大的检测模板尺寸,根据Grünwald-Let-nikov分数阶定义构造最初的分数阶掩膜算子;然后根据Pascal三角形理论确定掩膜算子上各位置的权重系数,并将掩膜算子扩展到4个不同方向;最后将得到的掩膜算子与图像进行卷积,利用图像的局部特征信息对每个方向的微分结果进行后处理。结果表明:(1)在进行多个不同场景的井下低照度图像上的实验时,Lif算法可以更全面地获取图像中不同方向上的边缘信息,在处理低照度图像时具备更强的抗噪性能,并且提取的边缘线条比其余边缘检测算法更加清晰、完整,保留了更多的纹理细节信息。(2)在客观指标评价的对比上,与基于分数阶灰色系统模型的边缘检测算法以及改进的分数阶Sobel边缘检测算法相比,Lif算法在Entropy指标上分别提高了43%、11%,AG指标上分别提高了23%、23%,SSIM指标上分别提高了152%、6%。表明Lif算法在进行采煤机截割部的边缘检测任务时更具优势,研究对井下设备工作运行时的安全性和可靠性提升具有重要意义。

科研反哺教学在林木育种学教学中的探索与实践

林木育种学是高等农林院校林学专业的一门骨干课程,是以遗传进化理论为指导,研究林木优良品种选育、繁殖原理和技术的学科。其最高目标是选育林木优良品种,为林业生产提供最基本、最优质、最高效的生产资料,是林业的命脉和促进林业产业发展的原动力,在生态文明和美丽中国建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。为了使学生更容易理解和掌握林木育种学的理论知识,深化科教融合,推进创新型人才培养,完善协同育人机制,在林木育种学授课过程中,通过将理论知识与生产实践相联系,将科技前沿贯穿于课堂教学,并以科研平台辅助实验教学的方式进行教学改革,不仅丰富了教学内容,激发了学生的学习热情,加深了对理论知识的理解,而且还利于学生良好科研素养的培养及创新能力的提高。

思政元素融入技术前沿进展课程——以材料与化工专业为例

专业型硕士研究生培养应具有“学术型”“实践性”“职业性”的特点,以党的二十大精神为指引,落实立德树人根本任务,发展素质教育,为培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。河南理工大学材料学院材料与化工专业“技术前沿进展”课程教育与思想政治教育进行有机结合,任课教师将课程思政贯穿于“技术前沿进展”整个教学体系,通过思政元素的引入以及案例分析教学强调主流价值引领,培养了专业型硕士的社会责任感和使命感。

生物制药拔尖创新复合型人才培养模式的探索与实践——以沈阳药科大学为例

中国正在积极推进由制造大国向制造强国、由中国制造向中国智造转变,这就需要高等院校在科技创新领域对工程教育理念、人才培养模式、专业学科结构等方面开展一系列改革。笔者以沈阳药科大学生命基地班为例,探索在新工科背景下,基于OBE为核心的工程教育理念,实施以“导师制”实现五位一体“3+x”多元拔尖创新复合型人才培养方案,为将来生物制药领域造就拔尖创新高质量工程技术复合型人才奠定基础。

健康中国背景下药物化学课程教学改革与实践探索——以淮北师范大学为例

在健康中国战略实施的背景下,药物化学作为生物工程专业课程对培养生物医药领域专业人才至关重要.该学科内容理论性较强、知识点繁多且更新较快,但学时有限,给课程教学带来了严峻挑战.课程组针对教学中的问题,从课堂内外结合线上线下教学模式入手,采取理论教学与实践教学相结合的方法,融入思政元素,补充前沿进展,构建多元化的评价体系,强化技能考核,充分调动了学生的学习积极性,有效的提升了学生的学习成绩和科研素养,以期为健康中国战略的实施提供专业人才支撑.

英语教育硕士课程设置的问题与对策研究

目前,我国的英语教育专业硕士点和招生人数众多,但较少学者对英语教育硕士的培养展开研究,而课程设置是关涉硕士培养质量的最关键因素之一,因此,以“双一流”高校和普通地方性高校的英语教育硕士课程为例,探究课程设置的问题与对策。研究结果显示:英语教育硕士课程设置存在不同层次高校之间的课程资源分布不均衡,教育哲学类、专业选修类和前沿性课程不多等问题。鉴于此,各院校可采取跨校选课或外聘任课教师的措施,并且增设教育哲学类、专业选修类和前沿性课程。

新质生产力视角下高精尖产业发展:分析框架与竞合趋势(2024)

加快形成新质生产力有助于促进科技水平实现质的飞跃,推进高精尖产业转型升级。高精尖产业发展需要以契合新质生产力水平的技术革新作为推进动能、需要符合新质生产力发展规律的市场环境支撑、需要遵循新质生产力发展要求的政策支持,同时应呈现出能够彰显新质生产力的先进特征的竞争力水平。本文以加快形成新质生产力为要旨,结合高精尖产业自身特点,构建十大高精尖产业趋势分析框架,分别对其技术趋势、市场趋势、政策趋势和竞争力趋势进行分析,同时结合发达经济体的经验,对我国高精尖产业发展的未来方向,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面提出了对策建议。

基于Graph Cut的快速纹理合成算法

提出一种带边界匹配的基于Graph Cut的快速纹理合成算法.通过将纹理样本以不同的位移贴到输出图中完成合成,重叠区域的像素取值由Graph Cut确定.引入边界图辅助位移搜索,以增强合成结果的边界连续性;在预处理过程中计算2个相同样本在所有相对位移下的匹配误差,选取一部分误差最小的位移组成"优选位移"集合,合成过程中的块间相对位移仅从此集合中选取,大大地提高了合成速度.实验结果表明,该算法合成质量高、适用范围广、合成速度快.