To identify the root causes of heavy metal contamination in soils as well as prevent and control such contamination from its sources,this study explored the accumulation patterns and ecological risks of heavy metals l...To identify the root causes of heavy metal contamination in soils as well as prevent and control such contamination from its sources,this study explored the accumulation patterns and ecological risks of heavy metals like Cd and Pb in solid waste in mining areas and across the water body,sediment,soil and agricultural product ecosystem surrounding the mining areas.Focusing on the residual solid waste samples in lead-zinc deposits in a certain area of Guizhou Province,along with samples of topsoils,irrigation water,river sediments,and crops from surrounding areas.This study analyzed the distributions of eight heavy metals,i.e.,Cd,As,Cr,Hg,Pb,Zn,Cu,and Ni,in the samples through field surveys and sample tests.Furthermore,this study assessed the contamination levels and ecological risks of heavy metals in soils,sediments,and agricultural products using methods such as the single-factor index,Nemerow composite index,and potential ecological risk assessment.The results indicate that heavy metals in the solid waste samples all exhibited concentrations exceeding their risk screening values,with 60%greater than their risk intervention values.The soils and sediments demonstrate slight and moderate comprehensive ecological risks of heavy metals.The single-factor potential ecological risks of heavy metals in both the soil and sediment samples decreased in the order of Hg,Cd,Pb,As,Cu,Zn,Cr,and Ni,suggesting the same sources of heavy metals in the soils and sediments.Most of the agricultural product samples exhibited over-limit concentrations of heavy metals dominated by Cd,Pb,Ni,and Cr,excluding Hg and As.The agricultural product assessment using the Nemerow composite index reveals that 35%of the agricultural product samples reached the heavy metal contamination level,implying that the agricultural products from farmland around the solid waste dumps have been contaminated with heavy metals.The eight heavy metals in the soil,sediment,and agricultural product samples manifested high coefficients of variation(CVs),indicating pronounced spatial variability.This suggests that their concentrations in soils,sediments,and agricultural products are significantly influenced by human mining activities.Additionally,the agricultural products exhibit strong transport and accumulation capacities for Cd,Cu,and Zn.展开更多
目的为精神分裂症患者攻击行为评估提供一种以攻击行为发生次数作为评分依据的纵向评估工具。方法对一生攻击史量表进行翻译并修订,形成一生攻击史量表中文版(Life History of Aggression-Chinese Version,LHA-CV)。基于成都市社区及强...目的为精神分裂症患者攻击行为评估提供一种以攻击行为发生次数作为评分依据的纵向评估工具。方法对一生攻击史量表进行翻译并修订,形成一生攻击史量表中文版(Life History of Aggression-Chinese Version,LHA-CV)。基于成都市社区及强制医疗所共369例精神分裂症患者,采用分半信度、重测信度及评估者间一致性对LHA-CV的信度进行分析,采用项目分析、结构效度及效标效度进行效度分析。结果项目分析发现,LHA-CV整体的同质性与区分度较好。探索性因素分析发现,Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)检验值为0.80,Bartlett球形检验χ2=1203.46(P<0.05),析出非躯体攻击、躯体攻击、自我攻击和反社会行为/结果4个因子,11个条目的因子载荷均大于0.40。对该因子模型进行验证性因素分析,卡方自由度比(χ2/df)为3.61,近似误差均方根为0.07,拟合优度指数为0.92,比较拟合指数为0.90,增值拟合指数为0.90,各因子区分效度较好。效标效度检验结果显示,LHA-CV总分与MacArthur社区暴力工具评估的攻击行为等级、Buss-Perry攻击性量表总分、人格障碍诊断问卷(第4版)反社会型人格障碍分量表得分呈正相关(P<0.05)。LHA-CV的非躯体攻击、躯体攻击、自我攻击、反社会行为/结果以及总分的Cronbach’sα系数分别为0.82、0.73、0.74、0.56和0.79。LHA-CV总分的重测信度为0.82(P<0.05),Spearman-Brown分半信度为0.66,组内相关系数为0.99。结论LHA-CV具有良好的信度与效度,可作为纵向测评精神分裂症患者攻击行为的评估工具。展开更多
文摘To identify the root causes of heavy metal contamination in soils as well as prevent and control such contamination from its sources,this study explored the accumulation patterns and ecological risks of heavy metals like Cd and Pb in solid waste in mining areas and across the water body,sediment,soil and agricultural product ecosystem surrounding the mining areas.Focusing on the residual solid waste samples in lead-zinc deposits in a certain area of Guizhou Province,along with samples of topsoils,irrigation water,river sediments,and crops from surrounding areas.This study analyzed the distributions of eight heavy metals,i.e.,Cd,As,Cr,Hg,Pb,Zn,Cu,and Ni,in the samples through field surveys and sample tests.Furthermore,this study assessed the contamination levels and ecological risks of heavy metals in soils,sediments,and agricultural products using methods such as the single-factor index,Nemerow composite index,and potential ecological risk assessment.The results indicate that heavy metals in the solid waste samples all exhibited concentrations exceeding their risk screening values,with 60%greater than their risk intervention values.The soils and sediments demonstrate slight and moderate comprehensive ecological risks of heavy metals.The single-factor potential ecological risks of heavy metals in both the soil and sediment samples decreased in the order of Hg,Cd,Pb,As,Cu,Zn,Cr,and Ni,suggesting the same sources of heavy metals in the soils and sediments.Most of the agricultural product samples exhibited over-limit concentrations of heavy metals dominated by Cd,Pb,Ni,and Cr,excluding Hg and As.The agricultural product assessment using the Nemerow composite index reveals that 35%of the agricultural product samples reached the heavy metal contamination level,implying that the agricultural products from farmland around the solid waste dumps have been contaminated with heavy metals.The eight heavy metals in the soil,sediment,and agricultural product samples manifested high coefficients of variation(CVs),indicating pronounced spatial variability.This suggests that their concentrations in soils,sediments,and agricultural products are significantly influenced by human mining activities.Additionally,the agricultural products exhibit strong transport and accumulation capacities for Cd,Cu,and Zn.
文摘目的为精神分裂症患者攻击行为评估提供一种以攻击行为发生次数作为评分依据的纵向评估工具。方法对一生攻击史量表进行翻译并修订,形成一生攻击史量表中文版(Life History of Aggression-Chinese Version,LHA-CV)。基于成都市社区及强制医疗所共369例精神分裂症患者,采用分半信度、重测信度及评估者间一致性对LHA-CV的信度进行分析,采用项目分析、结构效度及效标效度进行效度分析。结果项目分析发现,LHA-CV整体的同质性与区分度较好。探索性因素分析发现,Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)检验值为0.80,Bartlett球形检验χ2=1203.46(P<0.05),析出非躯体攻击、躯体攻击、自我攻击和反社会行为/结果4个因子,11个条目的因子载荷均大于0.40。对该因子模型进行验证性因素分析,卡方自由度比(χ2/df)为3.61,近似误差均方根为0.07,拟合优度指数为0.92,比较拟合指数为0.90,增值拟合指数为0.90,各因子区分效度较好。效标效度检验结果显示,LHA-CV总分与MacArthur社区暴力工具评估的攻击行为等级、Buss-Perry攻击性量表总分、人格障碍诊断问卷(第4版)反社会型人格障碍分量表得分呈正相关(P<0.05)。LHA-CV的非躯体攻击、躯体攻击、自我攻击、反社会行为/结果以及总分的Cronbach’sα系数分别为0.82、0.73、0.74、0.56和0.79。LHA-CV总分的重测信度为0.82(P<0.05),Spearman-Brown分半信度为0.66,组内相关系数为0.99。结论LHA-CV具有良好的信度与效度,可作为纵向测评精神分裂症患者攻击行为的评估工具。
