病毒感染后,宿主的固有免疫系统快速地识别病毒并作出应答反应,但免疫系统识别和清除病毒的机制尚未完全阐明。研究表明,细胞识别和检测病毒主要通过受体完成,而环鸟苷酸-腺苷酸合成酶(cyclic GMPAMP synthase,cGAS)是一种新发现的DNA...病毒感染后,宿主的固有免疫系统快速地识别病毒并作出应答反应,但免疫系统识别和清除病毒的机制尚未完全阐明。研究表明,细胞识别和检测病毒主要通过受体完成,而环鸟苷酸-腺苷酸合成酶(cyclic GMPAMP synthase,cGAS)是一种新发现的DNA识别受体,它将信号传递给下游的干扰素刺激基因(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)蛋白,诱导产生I型干扰素(type I interferon,IFN-I),从而启动细胞抗病毒免疫反应。本文综述了cGAS-STING信号通路的作用机制及抗病毒相关研究,以期为抗病毒药物的研发提供理论依据。展开更多
Pattern recognition receptors arecritical forthe sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns and subsequent mounting of innate immunityandshaping ofadaptive immunity.The i...Pattern recognition receptors arecritical forthe sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns and subsequent mounting of innate immunityandshaping ofadaptive immunity.The identification of 2'3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP)synthase(cGAS)as a major cytosolic DNA receptor is a milestone in the field of DNA sensing.The engagement of cGAS by double-stranded DNA from different origins,including invading pathogens,damaged mitochondria,ruptured micronuclei,and genomic DNA results in the generation of cGAMP and activation of stimulator of interferon genes,which thereby activates innate immunity mainly characterized by the activation of type I interferon response.In recent years,great progress has been made in understanding the subcellular localization and novel functions of cGAS.In this review,we particularlyfocus on summarizingthe multifaceted roles ofcGAS in regulating senescence,autophagy,cell stemness,apoptosis,angiogenesis,cell proliferation,antitumor effect,DNA replication,DNA damage repair,micronucleophagy,as well as cell metabolism.展开更多
EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)在人群中普遍易感,其感染可累及血液、呼吸、泌尿、消化、神经等全身多个系统,亦在相关肿瘤、自身免疫病等疾病发展中扮演重要角色,严重威胁人类健康。作为一种DNA病毒,EBV可被固有免疫应答中的DNA识别...EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)在人群中普遍易感,其感染可累及血液、呼吸、泌尿、消化、神经等全身多个系统,亦在相关肿瘤、自身免疫病等疾病发展中扮演重要角色,严重威胁人类健康。作为一种DNA病毒,EBV可被固有免疫应答中的DNA识别受体感知,触发下游一系列免疫应答。DNA识别通路由DNA感受器、接头分子及下游效应信号组成。双链DNA感受器主要包括黑色素瘤缺乏因子2样受体(absent in melanoma 2-like receptors,ALRs)、环状GMP-AMP合酶(cyclic GMP-AMP synthase,cGAS)等;接头分子主要是干扰素基因刺激因子(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)和含有caspase招募结构域的凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain,ASC);下游免疫效应主要包括Ⅰ型IFN、炎性小体及促炎细胞因子等。作为一种疱疹病毒科的双链DNA病毒,EBV可触发宿主复杂的固有免疫和适应性免疫应答,尤其是多种DNA识别受体介导的通路,在宿主免疫防御及病原体免疫逃避等方面均发挥关键作用。本文以DNA感受器为线索,全面总结近年来DNA识别信号在EBV感染中的活化作用、调控机制及临床相关性,以进一步理解EBV感染后宿主的固有免疫应答,为EBV感染引起的相关疾病的防治提供免疫学依据。展开更多
文摘病毒感染后,宿主的固有免疫系统快速地识别病毒并作出应答反应,但免疫系统识别和清除病毒的机制尚未完全阐明。研究表明,细胞识别和检测病毒主要通过受体完成,而环鸟苷酸-腺苷酸合成酶(cyclic GMPAMP synthase,cGAS)是一种新发现的DNA识别受体,它将信号传递给下游的干扰素刺激基因(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)蛋白,诱导产生I型干扰素(type I interferon,IFN-I),从而启动细胞抗病毒免疫反应。本文综述了cGAS-STING信号通路的作用机制及抗病毒相关研究,以期为抗病毒药物的研发提供理论依据。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81922030 and 81770006 to H.L,32188101,32030038,91842303,and 31730025 to B.G.)the Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China(2017YFA0505900 to B.G.),Shanghai Shu Guang Program(205G19)Shanghai Science and Technology Fund(19140900600 and 22S11900700 to H.L.).
文摘Pattern recognition receptors arecritical forthe sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns and subsequent mounting of innate immunityandshaping ofadaptive immunity.The identification of 2'3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP)synthase(cGAS)as a major cytosolic DNA receptor is a milestone in the field of DNA sensing.The engagement of cGAS by double-stranded DNA from different origins,including invading pathogens,damaged mitochondria,ruptured micronuclei,and genomic DNA results in the generation of cGAMP and activation of stimulator of interferon genes,which thereby activates innate immunity mainly characterized by the activation of type I interferon response.In recent years,great progress has been made in understanding the subcellular localization and novel functions of cGAS.In this review,we particularlyfocus on summarizingthe multifaceted roles ofcGAS in regulating senescence,autophagy,cell stemness,apoptosis,angiogenesis,cell proliferation,antitumor effect,DNA replication,DNA damage repair,micronucleophagy,as well as cell metabolism.
文摘EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)在人群中普遍易感,其感染可累及血液、呼吸、泌尿、消化、神经等全身多个系统,亦在相关肿瘤、自身免疫病等疾病发展中扮演重要角色,严重威胁人类健康。作为一种DNA病毒,EBV可被固有免疫应答中的DNA识别受体感知,触发下游一系列免疫应答。DNA识别通路由DNA感受器、接头分子及下游效应信号组成。双链DNA感受器主要包括黑色素瘤缺乏因子2样受体(absent in melanoma 2-like receptors,ALRs)、环状GMP-AMP合酶(cyclic GMP-AMP synthase,cGAS)等;接头分子主要是干扰素基因刺激因子(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)和含有caspase招募结构域的凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain,ASC);下游免疫效应主要包括Ⅰ型IFN、炎性小体及促炎细胞因子等。作为一种疱疹病毒科的双链DNA病毒,EBV可触发宿主复杂的固有免疫和适应性免疫应答,尤其是多种DNA识别受体介导的通路,在宿主免疫防御及病原体免疫逃避等方面均发挥关键作用。本文以DNA感受器为线索,全面总结近年来DNA识别信号在EBV感染中的活化作用、调控机制及临床相关性,以进一步理解EBV感染后宿主的固有免疫应答,为EBV感染引起的相关疾病的防治提供免疫学依据。
