An equation to express ion exchange selectivity coefficient was derived and used for cal- culating that of PPY film with the results obtained by cyclic voltamrnetric measurement.PPY film was synthesized by electrochem...An equation to express ion exchange selectivity coefficient was derived and used for cal- culating that of PPY film with the results obtained by cyclic voltamrnetric measurement.PPY film was synthesized by electrochemical method in aqueous solution using K_4Fc(CN)_6 as supporting electrolyte, and the anions were doped into the film.Ion exchange behaviour of doped Fe(CN)_6^(3-/4-)in the PPY film with Cl^-,NO_3^- or F^- ions in solution has been studied,and the corresponding ion exchange selec- tivity coefficients were determined.展开更多
This study presents the micro-scale behavior of granular materials under biaxial cyclic loading for differ- ent confining pressures using the two-dimensional （2D） discrete element method （DEM）. Initially, 8450 ova...This study presents the micro-scale behavior of granular materials under biaxial cyclic loading for differ- ent confining pressures using the two-dimensional （2D） discrete element method （DEM）. Initially, 8450 ovals were generated in a rectangular frame without any overlap. Four dense samples having confining pressures of 15, 25, 50, and 100 kPa were prepared from the initially generated sparse sample. Numeri- cal simulations were performed under biaxial cyclic loading using these isotropically compressed dense samples. The numerical results depict stress-strain-dilatancy behavior that was similar to that observed in experimental studies. The relationship between the stress ratio and dilatancy rate is almost indepen- dent of confining pressures during loading but significantly dependent on the confining pressures during unloading. The evolution of the coordination number, effective coordination number and slip coordina- tion number depends on both the confining pressures and cyclic loading. The cyclic loading significantly affects the microtopology of the granular assembly. The contact fabric and the fabric-related anisotropy are reported, as well. A strong correlation between the stress ratio and the fabric related to contact normals is observed during cyclic loading, irrespective of confining pressures.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘An equation to express ion exchange selectivity coefficient was derived and used for cal- culating that of PPY film with the results obtained by cyclic voltamrnetric measurement.PPY film was synthesized by electrochemical method in aqueous solution using K_4Fc(CN)_6 as supporting electrolyte, and the anions were doped into the film.Ion exchange behaviour of doped Fe(CN)_6^(3-/4-)in the PPY film with Cl^-,NO_3^- or F^- ions in solution has been studied,and the corresponding ion exchange selec- tivity coefficients were determined.
文摘This study presents the micro-scale behavior of granular materials under biaxial cyclic loading for differ- ent confining pressures using the two-dimensional （2D） discrete element method （DEM）. Initially, 8450 ovals were generated in a rectangular frame without any overlap. Four dense samples having confining pressures of 15, 25, 50, and 100 kPa were prepared from the initially generated sparse sample. Numeri- cal simulations were performed under biaxial cyclic loading using these isotropically compressed dense samples. The numerical results depict stress-strain-dilatancy behavior that was similar to that observed in experimental studies. The relationship between the stress ratio and dilatancy rate is almost indepen- dent of confining pressures during loading but significantly dependent on the confining pressures during unloading. The evolution of the coordination number, effective coordination number and slip coordina- tion number depends on both the confining pressures and cyclic loading. The cyclic loading significantly affects the microtopology of the granular assembly. The contact fabric and the fabric-related anisotropy are reported, as well. A strong correlation between the stress ratio and the fabric related to contact normals is observed during cyclic loading, irrespective of confining pressures.
