CONSTITUTIVE MODELLING OF NONPROPORTIONAL CYCLIC PLASTICITY

A multiplicative hardening function and a unified evolution rule of the hardening factors are proposed.The hardening factor f_1 is introduced to describe cyclic hardening with respect to the plastic strain range,while f_2 and f_3 describe,respectively,instantaneous and hereditary additional hardening with respect to the nonproportionality of the plastic strain path.Two material dependent memory parameters α_1 and α_3 are introduced to keep the memory of the largest cyclic and additional hardening in the previous plastic deformation history.Different hardening mechanisms are then embedded into a thermomechanically consistent constitutive equation through the hardening function.The constitutive response of 304 and 316 stainless steels subjected to biaxial nonproportional cyclic loading is analyzed and the proposed model is critically verified by comparing the results with experimental results obtained by Tanaka et al.,and Ohashi et al.

Efficiency of employing fiber-based finite-length plastic hinges in simulating the cyclic and seismic behavior of steel hollow columns compared with other common modelling approaches

The accuracy and effi ciency of the modelling techniques utilized to model the nonlinear behavior of structural components is a signifi cant issue in earthquake engineering. In this study, the suffi ciency of three diff erent modelling techniques that can be employed to simulate the structural behavior of columns is investigated. A fi ber-based fi nite length plastic hinge (FB-FLPH) model is calibrated in this study. In order to calibrate the FB-FLPH model, a novel database of the cyclic behavior of hollow steel columns under simultaneous axial and lateral loading cycles with varying amplitudes is used. By employing the FB-FLPH model calibrated in this study, the interaction of the axial force and the bending moment in columns is directly taken into account, and the deterioration in the cyclic behavior of these members is implicitly considered. The superiority of the calibrated FB-FLPH modelling approach is examined compared with the cases in which conventional fi ber-based distributed plasticity and concentrated plasticity models are utilized. The effi ciency of the enumerated modelling techniques is probed when they are implemented to model the columns of a typical special moment frame in order to prove the advantage of the FB-FLPH modelling approach.

Constitutive model for monotonic and cyclic responses of loosely cemented sand formations

This paper presents a model to simulate the monotonic and cyclic behaviours of weakly cemented sands.An elastoplastic constitutive model within the framework of bounding surface plasticity theory is adopted to predict the mechanical behaviour of soft sandstone under monotonic and cyclic loadings. In this model, the loading surface always passes through the current stress state regardless of the type of loading. Destruction of the cementation bonds by plastic deformation in the model is considered as the primary mechanism responsible for the mechanical degradation of loosely cemented sands/weak rock.To model cyclic response, the unloading plastic and elastic moduli are formulated based on the loading/reloading plastic and elastic moduli. The proposed model was implemented in FLAC2D and evaluated against laboratory triaxial tests under monotonic and cyclic loadings, and the model results agreed well with the experimental observations. For cyclic tests, hysteresis loops are captured with reasonable accuracy.

A macroscopic multi-mechanism based constitutive model for the thermo-mechanical cyclic degeneration of shape memory effect of NiTi shape memory alloy

A macroscopic based multi-mechanism constitutive model is constructed in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics to describe the degeneration of shape memory effect occurring in the thermo-mechanical cyclic deformation of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs). Three phases, austenite A, twinned martensite and detwinned martensite , as well as the phase transitions occurring between each pair of phases (, , , , and are considered in the proposed model. Meanwhile, two kinds of inelastic deformation mechanisms, martensite transformation-induced plasticity and reorientation-induced plasticity, are used to explain the degeneration of shape memory effects of NiTi SMAs. The evolution equations of internal variables are proposed by attributing the degeneration of shape memory effect to the interaction between the three phases (A, , and and plastic deformation. Finally, the capability of the proposed model is verified by comparing the predictions with the experimental results of NiTi SMAs. It is shown that the degeneration of shape memory effect and its dependence on the loading level can be reasonably described by the proposed model.

Fractional-order visco-plastic constitutive model for uniaxial ratcheting behaviors

This paper proposes a novel unified visco-plastic constitutive model for uniaxial ratcheting behaviors. The cyclic deformation of the material presents remarkable time-dependence and history memory phenomena. The fractional(fractional-order)derivative is an efficient tool for modeling these phenomena. Therefore, we develop a cyclic fractional-order unified visco-plastic(FVP) constitutive model. Specifically, within the framework of the cyclic elasto-plastic theory, the fractional derivative is used to describe the accumulated plastic strain rate and nonlinear kinematic hardening rule based on the Ohno-Abdel-Karim model. Moreover, a new radial return method for the back stress is developed to describe the unclosed hysteresis loops of the stress-strain properly.The capacity of the FVP model used to predict the cyclic deformation of the SS304 stainless steel is verified through a comparison with the corresponding experimental data found in the literature(KANG, G. Z., KAN, Q. H., ZHANG, J., and SUN, Y. F. Timedependent ratcheting experiments of SS304 stainless steel. International Journal of Plasticity, 22(5), 858–894(2006)). The FVP model is shown to be successful in predicting the rate-dependent ratcheting behaviors of the SS304 stainless steel.

A NONCLASSICAL CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR CRYSTALPLASTICITY AND ITS APPLICATION

A nonclassical constitutive description for a slip system is formulated by using a simple mechanical model consisting of a spring and a plastic dashpot-like block. The corresponding constitutive model for a single crystal and the analysis for polycrystalline response is proposed based on the KBW's self-consistent theory. The constitutive model contains no yield criterion, so the corresponding numerical analysis is greatly simplified because it involves no additional process to search for the activation of slip systems and slip direction. A mixed averaging approach is proposed to obtain the response of polycrystalline material, which consists of the Gaussian integral mean for the omega which varies continuously within each face of the isosahedron and arithmetic mean for the spatially uniformly distributed twenty sets of 0 and phi determined by the normal of each face of the isosahedron. The main features 316 stainless steel subjected to typical biaxial nonproportional cyclic strain paths are well described. Calculation also shows that the developed model and the corresponding analytical approach are of good accuracy and efficiency.

循环加载下压实黄土的边界面塑性本构模型

压实黄土的动应力应变关系预测是黄土高原平山填方工程长期运营涉及的关键问题之一,已有模型预测压实黄土的动本构关系难度较大。该文在边界面塑性框架下,引入动态映射法则,提出了一个反映应变累积的循环加载塑性模量表达式,构建了循环加载条件下压实黄土边界面塑性本构模型,分析了循环应力比与围压对应力应变关系与模量的影响规律,采用压实粉质黄土动三轴试验结果进行了验证。结果表明,该循环加载塑性模量基本反映了压实黄土的应变累积行为,所构建的本构模型考虑了循环应力比对动应力应变关系与模量的影响,可为填方压实黄土长期变形分析提供参考。

循环荷载作用下公轨合建盾构隧道的损伤特性

为了研究循环荷载作用下公轨合建盾构隧道的损伤分布特征和损伤演化规律,利用有限元软件ABAQUS和混凝土塑性损伤模型,建立盾构隧道及内部结构数值模型,分析循环荷载幅值为50、100、150 kN和不同循环次数时隧道内部结构的损伤特性。结果表明:当循环荷载作用于中间车道时,隧道内部结构的拉致损伤主要位于边跨面层和预制箱涵中部,并且拉致损伤范围随循环次数的增大而逐渐增大;压致损伤主要集中在中跨面层和预制箱涵支座处路面,扩散趋势不明显;内部结构的拉、压致损伤随循环荷载幅值的增大而增大,并且循环荷载幅值对内部结构损伤的影响远大于循环次数的影响;内部结构的塑性应变分布趋势与拉致损伤分布趋势相似,混凝土的材料特性使得塑性应变在初始阶段明显增加,随着循环次数的增加,塑性应变趋于缓慢增长。

基于广义塑性力学的土体次加载面循环塑性模型(Ⅰ):理论与模型

简要地介绍了次加载面理论的基本思想、假设及其物理解释。在广义塑性力学的框架内,引入次加载面的思想,把常规的椭圆-抛物线双屈服面模型,扩展为次加载面循环塑性模型,以反映循环荷载作用下土体的曼辛效应与棘轮效应。模型能考虑塑性应变增量对应力增量的相关性,既能反映土体的循环加载特性,又能反映正常固结土和超固结土的单调加载特性。

次加载面理论及其在土体循环塑性模型中的应用

简要介绍了次加载面理论的基本思想、假设及其物理解释.开创性地把次加载面理论与广义塑性力学相结合,把常规的椭圆 抛物线双屈服面模型扩展为次加载面循环塑性模型,并通过多种应力路径下土体本构响应的模拟,表明次加载面循环塑性模型能较好地反映循环荷载作用下土体呈现出的非线性、滞回性与变形的积累性三方面的主要特征,初步验证了模型的有效性.

砂土液化大变形的弹塑性循环本构模型

循环剪切过程中饱和砂土的3个体积应变分量(有效球应力变化引起的体变、剪切引起的可逆性体变和不可逆性体变)的变化规律决定了液化后剪应变的发展。基于上述机理、对剪切引起的可逆性和不可逆性体变的数学描述、体积相容性条件以及边界面本构理论框架,建立了一个可描述饱和砂土液化后大变形的弹塑性循环本构模型。通过对饱和砂土排水和不排水循环扭剪试验结果的模拟表明,该模型不仅可以合理地模拟饱和砂土循环加载条件下从液化前到液化后、从小剪应变到大剪应变的变形发展过程,而且可以合理地模拟饱和砂土液化后再固结大体变的累积特性。本文的研究为定量描述砂土液化后大变形提供了一条合理而有效的途径。

土体循环塑性模型研究进展

简要归纳了循环荷载作用下土体本构特性和循环塑性模型需满足的力学条件.综合评述了多面、无限多面、两面、单面、边界面、多机构和次加载面模型等常见的土体循环塑性模型及它们预测土的循环加载特性的能力.提出了土体循环塑性模型有待进一步研究的若干问题.

非比例循环载荷下塑性模量的讨论

对 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行菱形应变路径的非比例循环本构实验 .根据实验结果及分析 ,对双面本构模型给出了一个极限面定义 ,以保证屈服面不与极限面相交 .在这个极限面定义及实验结果的基础上 ,对不同本构模型所定义的距离与塑性模量的相关性进行了讨论 ,表明Mr幃ｚ和Ｃｈｅｎ的距离与塑性腁坑薪虾玫南喙匦?.

基于A-F类循环塑性理论的多轴局部应力应变法

提出预测缺口构件疲劳寿命的多轴局部应力应变法。采用Armstrong-Frederick(A-F)类循环塑性理论,描述具有非Masing特性的16MnR材料的循环塑性行为。结合A-F类循环塑性模型和增量式Neuber法,分析比例和非比例加载下缺口根部处的多轴应力应变状态。将局部应力应变应用于基于临界面的多轴疲劳损伤模型,对缺口构件进行疲劳损伤分析和疲劳寿命预测。分析结果表明,基于A-F类循环塑性理论的多轴局部应力应变法,能很好地描述缺口根部处的多轴应力应变状态,疲劳寿命的预测结果与试验数据基本吻合。

循环动载作用下改良土路基累积塑性变形的数值模拟与试验研究

为了研究循环荷载作用下高速铁路花岗岩全风化物改良土路基的累积塑性变形特性,引入路基变形的弹塑性循环蠕变模型,进行了有限元分析并与现场试验实测值对比。研究结果表明:循环蠕变模型可以较好地模拟路基的累积塑性变形;在200万次的循环动载作用下,花岗岩全风化物改良土路基的累积塑性变形很小,所以,花岗岩全风化物经过改良以后可以用作高速铁路的路基填料,从而可以解决工程中常常遇到的弃方、借土、占地和生态、环保等方面的难题。

几种循环塑性模型的剖析和比较研究

首先阐明循环塑性模型需满足的力学条件:连续与光滑条件,曼辛效应与棘轮效应.基于这些条件,对多面、无限多面、两面、单面、边界面、次加载面模型等几种常见的循环塑性模型的基本特性进行深入而系统的剖析,对它们预测材料循环加载特性的能力进行分析与比较.结果表明:多面模型与无限多面模型反映的是过强的滞回效应,无法反映变形的积累性;两面、单面与边界面模型反映的是较弱的滞回效应与较大的积累变形;次加载面模型满足循环塑性模型所要求的力学条件,可以控制曼辛系数,能较好地反映材料的循环加载特性,将次加载面思想与广义塑性力学结合,可望建立更合理的循环塑性模型.

棘轮效应预测及其循环本构模型研究进展

棘轮应变累积广泛存在于压力容器和管道、轮轨接触疲劳、紧固连接和密封技术等工程问题中,是工程设计中必须考虑的重要因素.棘轮可以表现为单轴棘轮效应或多轴棘轮效应,材料的棘轮效应或结构的棘轮效应.本文介绍近年来棘轮效应的最新研究进展,对近年提出的描述材料棘轮效应的循环本构理论作了较详细的评述,对模型的预测能力和存在的问题进行了讨论,并对今后的工作提出了建议.

反复荷载作用下饱和砂土的一种普遍弹塑性模型

本文建立了一个反映饱和砂土在动荷作用下反应特性的弹塑性模型．该模型通过引入相对应力比的概念使得应力路径上的每一个点都处于加载状态．模型不显式定义屈服面和塑性势函数，而是由破坏面、流动方向、初始加载面、加载方向和塑性模量等部分组成，具有参数少且易确定等特点．通过和试验数据的比较证明了该模型的合理性．

循环荷载作用下砂土的一种普遍弹塑性模型

本文根据砂土在动荷作用下的反应特性建立了一个动荷作用下砂土的弹塑性模型．该模型通过引入相对应力比的概念，使得应力路径上的每一个点都处于加载状态．模型不直接定义屈服面和塑性势函数，而是由破坏面、流动方向、初始加载面、加载方向和塑性模量等部分组成，具有参数少且易确定等特点．最后给出了该模型参数的确定方法。

基于广义塑性理论的堆石料动力本构模型研究

分析了堆石料在等幅与不等幅应力循环荷载作用下的变形特性,以此为基础,确定了不同加载过程中堆石料的剪胀方程、加载方向、切线模量及塑性模量,建立了一个可以考虑堆石料循环加载特性的广义塑性本构模型。模型将所有的加卸载阶段都视为弹塑性过程,并在剪胀方程中引入老化函数来考虑体积应变积累对剪胀(缩)性的影响。模型共有12个参数,均可通过常规室内单调及循环加载试验确定。为验证模型的有效性,依据试验资料确定了两种不同堆石料的本构模型参数,并对等幅循环三轴压缩与不等幅循环三轴压缩试验进行了模拟。两种材料在不同围压下的模型预测结果与试验数据均吻合良好,表明模型可以有效地反映循环荷载作用下堆石料应力应变曲线的滞回特性与永久变形的积累。