This paper analyzes whether the slowdown of China＇s trade in 2012-2015 was cyclical or structural, and further discusses the effects of structural factors, including trade structure, trade protectionism and global va...This paper analyzes whether the slowdown of China＇s trade in 2012-2015 was cyclical or structural, and further discusses the effects of structural factors, including trade structure, trade protectionism and global value chain participation, Using the national panel data from 2000 to 2015, based on the error correction model and import-intensity- adjusted demand model, our results show that the slowdown of China＇s trade growth in 2012-2015 was mainly a result of cyclical factors. Using 2000-2015 industry- level data, we also find that the structure of trade goods had an inhibitory effect on the import slowdown but a positive effect on the export slowdown. Trade protectionism had an adverse effect on the trade growth slowdown. The global value chain participation marginally contributed to the slowdown in trade growth. Therefore, the impacts of structural factors on trade growth slowdown cannot be ignored, and related policies should receive greater attention from policy-makers.展开更多
Background Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase （ENPP）-I is a membrane-bound protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleoside triphosphates to monophosphate and extracellular inorganic p...Background Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase （ENPP）-I is a membrane-bound protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleoside triphosphates to monophosphate and extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate （ePPi）. Mechanical stimulation regulates ENPP-1 expression. This study sought to investigate the changes in ENPP-1 expression after stimulation using cyclic mechanical tension （CMT）.展开更多
Let G be a finite abelian group,M a set of integers and S a subset of G.We say that M and S form a splitting of G if every nonzero element g of G has a unique representation of the form g=m s with m∈M and s∈S,while ...Let G be a finite abelian group,M a set of integers and S a subset of G.We say that M and S form a splitting of G if every nonzero element g of G has a unique representation of the form g=m s with m∈M and s∈S,while 0 has no such representation.The splitting is called purely singular if for each prime divisor p of|G|,there is at least one element of M is divisible by p.In this paper,we continue the study of purely singular splittings of cyclic groups.We prove that if k≥2 is a positive integer such that[−2 k+1,2 k+2]^(∗)splits a cyclic group Z m,then m=4 k+2.We prove also that if M=[−k_(1),k_(2)]^(∗)splits Z m purely singularly,and 15≤k_(1)+k_(2)≤30,then m=1,or m=k_(1)+k_(2)+1,or k_(1)=0 and m=2 k_(2)+1.展开更多
文摘This paper analyzes whether the slowdown of China＇s trade in 2012-2015 was cyclical or structural, and further discusses the effects of structural factors, including trade structure, trade protectionism and global value chain participation, Using the national panel data from 2000 to 2015, based on the error correction model and import-intensity- adjusted demand model, our results show that the slowdown of China＇s trade growth in 2012-2015 was mainly a result of cyclical factors. Using 2000-2015 industry- level data, we also find that the structure of trade goods had an inhibitory effect on the import slowdown but a positive effect on the export slowdown. Trade protectionism had an adverse effect on the trade growth slowdown. The global value chain participation marginally contributed to the slowdown in trade growth. Therefore, the impacts of structural factors on trade growth slowdown cannot be ignored, and related policies should receive greater attention from policy-makers.
文摘Background Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase （ENPP）-I is a membrane-bound protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleoside triphosphates to monophosphate and extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate （ePPi）. Mechanical stimulation regulates ENPP-1 expression. This study sought to investigate the changes in ENPP-1 expression after stimulation using cyclic mechanical tension （CMT）.
文摘Let G be a finite abelian group,M a set of integers and S a subset of G.We say that M and S form a splitting of G if every nonzero element g of G has a unique representation of the form g=m s with m∈M and s∈S,while 0 has no such representation.The splitting is called purely singular if for each prime divisor p of|G|,there is at least one element of M is divisible by p.In this paper,we continue the study of purely singular splittings of cyclic groups.We prove that if k≥2 is a positive integer such that[−2 k+1,2 k+2]^(∗)splits a cyclic group Z m,then m=4 k+2.We prove also that if M=[−k_(1),k_(2)]^(∗)splits Z m purely singularly,and 15≤k_(1)+k_(2)≤30,then m=1,or m=k_(1)+k_(2)+1,or k_(1)=0 and m=2 k_(2)+1.
