Ash Detection of Coal Slime Flotation Tailings Based on Chromatographic Filter Paper Sampling and Multi-Scale Residual Network

The detection of ash content in coal slime flotation tailings using deep learning can be hindered by various factors such as foam,impurities,and changing lighting conditions that disrupt the collection of tailings images.To address this challenge,we present a method for ash content detection in coal slime flotation tailings.This method utilizes chromatographic filter paper sampling and a multi-scale residual network,which we refer to as MRCN.Initially,tailings are sampled using chromatographic filter paper to obtain static tailings images,effectively isolating interference factors at the flotation site.Subsequently,the MRCN,consisting of a multi-scale residual network,is employed to extract image features and compute ash content.Within the MRCN structure,tailings images undergo convolution operations through two parallel branches that utilize convolution kernels of different sizes,enabling the extraction of image features at various scales and capturing a more comprehensive representation of the ash content information.Furthermore,a channel attention mechanism is integrated to enhance the performance of the model.The combination of the multi-scale residual structure and the channel attention mechanism within MRCN results in robust capabilities for image feature extraction and ash content detection.Comparative experiments demonstrate that this proposed approach,based on chromatographic filter paper sampling and the multi-scale residual network,exhibits significantly superior performance in the detection of ash content in coal slime flotation tailings.

Study of Cyclonic Microbubble FlotationColumn and Its Application to Fine Coal Processing

This paper deals with the operation principle of the cyclonic microbubble flotation column and its structure characterisics. The pilot test results and the commercial applied results of cyclonic microbubble flotation column for fine coal processing are also introduced. The test results proved that the cyclonic microbubble flotation column has many advantages suck as high selectivity, high efficiency in ash rejection from fine coals, low comsumption of energy, easy operation and maintenance, etc. It is a kind of equipment widely applied to fine coal processing.

Beneficiation of an Indian non-coking coal by column flotation

Beneficiation of non-coking coal is gaining ground in India. It not only reduces the volume of inert content to be transported to the power plant and also lowers the wear in the boiler houses. For special applications such as the fuel for integrated gasification combined cycle plant （IGCC）, the ash content in the coal should preferably be below 15 %. Indian coals are characterized by high inter-grown ash content mainly due to ＇drift origin＇ of Gondwana formation in Permian age. This warrants fine grinding of non-coking coal in order to liberate the ash forming minerals from coal macerals. A non- coking coal sample of vitrinite type from India was ground to 44 ~tm （dso） and subjected to column flotation to improve its quality. The non-coking coal analyzing 34.6 % ash, 26.2 % volatile matter, 1.3 % moisture and 37.9 % fixed carbon could be upgraded to a concentrate/froth of 14.83 % ash at 72.18 % yield by optimizing collector and frother dosages and flotation column operating parameters, namely, froth depth, superficial feed velocity and superficial air velocity. The concentrate produced by this process is suitable as fuel for IGCC in coal-to-electricity route.

Process intensification of fine coal separation using two-stage flotation column

Flotation column is widely used as the separation equipment for fine mineral due to its high selectivity. However, this device may be unsuitable for the coarse particle flotation and has high handling ability. A two-stage flotation column with dimensions of 2 000 mm×1 000 mm×4 000 mm was designed to enhance the column flotation process. The energy input was modified by adjusting the flow rate and the head of circulating pump. The flotation column was designed with low energy input in the first stage(speed flotation stage) to recover easy-to-float materials quickly, and high energy input in the second stage(recovery stage) to recover difficult-to-float minerals compulsorily. Contrast experiments on the throughput and coarse coal recovery of high ash coal from the Kailuan Mine were conducted using conventional single-stage flotation column and the two-stage flotation column. The results show that the combustible matter recovery of the two-stage flotation column is 5.25% higher than that of the conventional single-stage flotation column. However, the ash contents of clean coal for both columns are similar. Less coarse coals with low ash are obtained using the two-stage flotation column than that using the single-stage column flotation with the same handling ability. The two-stage flotation column process can enhance coal flotation compared with the conventional single-stage column flotation.

Particle Residence Time in Column Flotation Based on Cyclonic Separation

The cyclonic static micro-bubble column flotation (FCSMC) is an effective separation device for fine particle treatment. The high mineralization rate and short flotation time of this equipment can be attributed to its unique cyclonic force field. It also has been observed that the presence of a cyclonic force field leads to a lower bottom separation size limit and a reduction of unselective entrainment. The collection zone of the column is considered to consist of two parts,a column separation zone and a cyclonic zone. Total recovery of the collection zone was developed. For our study,we analyzed the particle movement in the cyclonic zone. Particle residence time equations for the cyclonic zone were de-rived by force analysis. Results obtained in this study provide a theoretical foundation for the design and scale-up of the FCSMC.

Velocity distribution of the flow field in the cyclonic zone of cyclone-static micro-bubble flotation column

Laboratory experiments have been conducted to study the flow field in a cyclone static micro-bubble flotation column. The method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used. The flow field velocity distribution in both cross section and longitudinal section within cyclonic zone was studied for different circulating volumes. The cross sectional vortex was also analyzed. The results show that in cross section as the circulating volume increases from 0.187 to 0.350 m 3 /h, the flow velocity ranges from 0 to 0.68 m/s. The flow field is mainly a non-vortex potential flow that forms a free vortex without outside energy input. In the cyclonic region the vortex deviates from the center of the flotation column because a single tangential opening introduces circulating fluid into the column. The tangential component of the velocity plays a defining role in the cross section. In the longitudinal section the velocity ranges from 0 to 0.08 m/s. The flow velocity increases as does the circulating volume. Advantageous mineral separation conditions arise from the combined effects of cyclonic flow in cross and longitudinal section.

Comparison of mechanical and column flotation performances on recovery of phosphate slimes in presence of nano-microbubbles

Fine particle flotation has been one of the main problems in many mineral processing plants.The bubble particle collision rate is very low for fine particles,which reduces flotation efficiency.Also,the existence of slimes is,generally,detrimental to the flotation process,affecting the selectivity and the quality of the concentrates.Besides,it causes an increase in reagents consumption.Hence,in most of processing plants,some of these particles are transmitted to the tailing ponds to reduce the effects of these problems and increase the selectivity of the process.Esfordi phosphate plant in Iran loses more than 30%of its capacity as particles with d 80 finer than 30μm.These fine particles with 15.9%P_(2)O_(5)content are transferred to tailing dam.Processing of fine particles is very important for phosphate industry from economic and environmental aspects.This study addressed the processing of fine tailings(slimes)from a phosphate ore concentrator via flotation,despite the traditional view that ultrafine particles do not float.Phosphate flotation performances in the presence and absence of nanobubbles(NBs)in both mechanical and column cells were compared according to the metallurgical results of the process.NBs(generated by hydrodynamic cavitation)have interesting and exclusive properties such as high stability,durability and high surface area per volume,leading to increase of their utilization in mining-metallurgy and environmental areas.The results of this study revealed that,in the absence of NBs,a concentrate containing 26.9%P_(2)O_(5)with a recovery of 29.13%was obtained using mechanical cells in comparison to 31.6%P_(2)O_(5)with a recovery of 32.74%obtained using column flotation.In the presence of NBs,the recoveries of the concentrate of the mechanical and column flotation increased to 40.49%and 41.26%with 28.47%and 30.43%P_(2)O_(5)contents,respectively.Comparative study showed that the column flotation was almost more efficient for processing the phosphate ore in the presence of the NBs,and had thicker froth layer compared to the mechanical flotation.

Cyclonic separation process intensification oil removal based on microbubble flotation

The cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column has dual effects including the cyclonic separation and floatation separation with the characteristics of the small lower limit of the effective separation size, short separation time, large handling capacity, and low operation cost. It shows significant advantages in the oily wastewater treatment field, especially the polymer flooding oily wastewater treatment aspect. In this paper, the cyclonic separation function mechanism of the cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column was studied, the impact of the parameters including the feeding rate, aeration rate, circulating pressure, and underflow split ratio on the cyclonic separation efficiency was investigated, and the cyclonic separation efficiency model was established as well. In addition, by applying the Doppler Laser Velocimeter (LDV) and Fluent simulation software, the test and simulation to the single-phase flow velocity field of the cyclonic separation section of the cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column were carried out, and the velocity distribution rule of the cyclonic separation section was analyzed under the singlephase flow conditions.

Flotation of Brazilian and Colombian Coals Using a Negative Bias

Brazil and Colombia have large reserves of coal. Those reserves in Brazil are located predominantly in the south and the main reserves in Colombia are located in the north. Despite the relative ease of exploitation, these resources have been underestimated as a source of energy. Currently, these countries are developing projects and partnerships aiming to qualify this mineral resource, adding quality to the final product of the processing plants. In this scenario, the processing of Brazilian and Colombian coal in flotation columns appears as a promising alternative, having been successful in mineral systems containing fine particles. The paper aims to study the overall process of column flotation for a specific Brazilian coal and a specific Colombian coal. The material used in this study consists of fine coal from Brazil （Copelmi） and Colombia （Cerrejon）. The objective is to recover carbonaceous matter and reduce the ash and contaminants grade. The two coals were floated using a negative bias in a 5 cm diameter conventional flotation column of 5 m high. Flotation parameter investigated included air velocity in the range 0.6 to 1.5 cm/s. For all runs, a constant negative bias of-0.25 cm/s and a pulp concentration of 8% w/w were used. For Cerrej6n coal, 300 g/ton of frother and 907 g/ton of collector was used, whereas for Copelmi coal, 600 g/ton of frother and 1,815 g/ton of collector was employed. The frother was a commercial Aerofroth 65 （AF65）, whereas the collector was Kerosene. For the Colombian coal, in general, yield, organic recovery, ash recovery and water recovery decreased with the increasing air rate. However, for Brazilian coal the air rate had no significant effect. For Colombian coal, the highest yield （60% w/w） and organic recovery （69% w/w） were obtained at the lowest air rate （0.6 cm/s）.

Ash Depression in Fine Coal Flotation Using a Novel Polymer Aid

The current study investigated the effects of novel hybrid polyacrylamide polymers as ash (slime) depressants in fine coal flotation to enhance combustible recovery and ash rejection. Coal samples at P80 of approximately 45 um with ~25% ash content were floated in the presence of in-house synthesized hybrid aluminum hydroxide polyacrylamide polymers (Al(OH)3-PAM, or Al-PAM). All flotation experiments were carried out in a 5-L Denver flotation cell. Various influencing factors were examined to optimize the flotation process in the presence of the Al-PAM polymers, including the Al-PAM dosage, Al-PAM conditioning time, impeller rotation speed and pulp pH. Comparative and synergistic studies were also performed using organic polyacrylamide polymers (PAMs), commercial dispersants and Al-PAM/dispersant system. Results showed a significant improvement in both combustible recovery and ash rejection at an Al-PAM dosage of 0.25 mg/L. The maximum combustible recovery obtained, at natural pH, with Al-PAM and Al-PAM/dispersant system was determined to be 70% and 66% at ash content of 7.74% and 7.4%, respectively. Zeta potential values of both the raw coal and concentrate products showed a large shift toward more positive values (from ˉ50 mV to ˉ13 mV), indicating a significant decrease in ash-forming minerals (slimes) when Al-PAM polymers were applied.

Coal flotation using wash oil as a new type of collector

The use of wash oil as a coal collector is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of regular collectors in coal slime flotation. These disadvantages include high price, limited sources and high consumption. The effect of additives on flotation was studied and an innovative ＂one rough separation--one cleaning separation＂ flotation technology was developed. The experimental resuits show that the clean coal ash content decreases by about 1.36% and the clean coal yield declines by around 10% with the application of the depressant. There is an increase of 3.76% in the yield of clean coal and a decrease of 0.40% in the ash content caused by utilizing a dispersant. An ultimate product having an ash content of 10.78% and yield of 70.12% can be attained using a combination of dispersant and depressant. The use of this new technology decreases the ash content by 1.21%, decreases the yield by 2.80% and an increases the coal flotation perfect index by 2.03%. Compared to common flotation, the utilization of the new technology reduces ash by 0.17%, increases yield by 5.3% and increases perfect index by 4.18%.

A new gravity ＆ flotation separator with double-tailing discharge and its beneficiation performance

Introduced a new gravity and flotation separator with double-tailing dtsctaarge tor nne coat~, u,u ,,,~,.~ cation and cyclone scavenging with flotation in an original way. The beneficiation performance of it was good. The results show that the gravity and flotation separator with double-tailing discharge can produce high-quality clean coal of 10.46% ash from free coal of 35.56% ash. It can discharge the fine and coarse tailings separately.

微乳液的制备及煤泥浮选应用研究

采取Schulman法制备煤油微乳液,从不同表面活性剂、亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)、助表面活性剂中筛选最佳组分以确定煤油微乳液的体系组成。利用煤油/Tween 80-Span 80/正丁醇/水微乳液作为浮选捕收剂,对陕西南梁煤矿煤泥进行了系列浮选实验对比研究,结果表明,Span 80-Tween 80为复合乳化剂,正丁醇为助乳化剂,油水比为4∶1,HLB为9时,所制备的微乳液性能最稳定;制备微乳液为油包水型(W/O),整体粒径大小分布在10~100 nm,并且低含量状态下可以降低水的表面张力,从而实现良好的浮选效果。与煤油相比,在精煤灰分基本保持不变的情况下,精煤产率提高至65.12%,可燃体回收率达到94.78%,浮选完善指标达到72.45%,为选煤厂提高精煤产率,降低药剂消耗提供了思路。

煤泥深度浮选脱灰提质增值化利用试验研究

炼焦煤煤泥经深度脱灰提质后的高品质精煤产品可作为1种优质的炼焦原料,从而有效实现对炼焦煤煤泥的增值化利用。拟以内蒙古某洗煤厂的炼焦煤煤泥为试验对象并进行浮选试验研究,探究不同磨矿细度、捕收剂和抑制剂对浮选试验结果的影响规律,以期优化浮选流程结构。结果表明,控制磨矿细度为<0.074 mm占97.12%,以M231作为捕收剂、D8211作为抑制剂,采用带有精扫选的“一粗-一扫-三精”浮选试验流程,针对煤泥特点与性质进行全流程闭路浮选试验而得到精煤和尾煤产品,其精煤灰分在12%以内,尾煤灰分在82%以上。精煤产品达到炼焦原料的要求,尾煤可以用作建材原料,可实现炼焦煤煤泥深度脱灰提质的增值化利用与高效回收。

粗糙度对贫瘦煤表面润湿性的影响

表面粗糙度对煤的可浮性起着重要作用。为了研究捕收剂和粗糙度协同作用对煤表面润湿性的影响,采用四种不同目数的砂纸对煤表面进行粗糙化处理,并使用粗糙度测量仪表征其表面特性。采用接触角与相互作用测量仪分析表面粗糙度对煤天然润湿性和油酸钠改性后润湿性的影响。结果表明,随着天然煤表面粗糙度的增加,接触角减小。由于接触线的增加,水滴与煤表面之间的扩散力增大。当粗糙度分别为0.32、1.02、1.82、2.38μm时,水与煤表面之间的扩散力分别为159.00、177.82、200.99、209.60μN。而经低浓度(120 mg/L)油酸钠改性后,随着粗糙度的增加,煤表面的接触角增大,扩散力减小,扩散力分别为149.11、146.40、134.06、124.27μN。但当油酸钠浓度达到320 mg/L时,随着粗糙度的增加,接触角反而迅速减小,扩散力迅速增大,扩散力分别为174.21、211.05、244.37、288.51μN。粗糙度的增大会增加天然煤表面的润湿性,低浓度的油酸钠改性和表面粗糙化可提高煤表面疏水性,然而,过量的药剂会增强煤表面的润湿性。

纳米气泡浮选细粒煤的效果及机理

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。本研究通过改变浮选捕收剂的用量、起泡剂的用量、给矿速度和充气量等可控因素,针对细粒煤在有纳米气泡和常规气泡条件下进行了浮选柱对比实验研究。在此基础上,阐述了纳米气泡对细粒煤的回收机理。实验结果表明:纳米气泡能够有效提高超细煤颗粒的回收率,保持产品灰分相同的情况下可节省约1/2药剂的用量。此外,较低的充气量条件下,浮选体系中引入纳米气泡依然能够获得较好的分选指标。纳米气泡能够优先吸附在疏水颗粒表面使得细颗粒煤团聚成较大的颗粒,增强了气泡与煤颗粒的碰撞概率从而达到强化浮选的效果。

旋流微泡浮选柱处理难浮煤泥的研究现状

旋流微泡浮选柱气泡尺寸小、泡沫二次富集作用强,在微细煤泥浮选时比传统浮选设备具有更好的分选效果。但对于其他难浮煤泥,如固体浓度高、粒度组成宽的浮选入料,尤其是很多配煤入选的选煤厂出现煤质波动时,旋流微泡浮选柱的浮选效果并不理想,这些问题限制了旋流微泡浮选柱的应用。因此,综述了旋流微泡浮选柱结构改进方面的研究进展,分析了不同结构的旋流微泡浮选柱针对三种难浮煤泥(微细煤泥、高浓度煤泥和宽粒级煤泥)的分选效果,并针对不同难浮煤泥提出了结构优化措施,以指导旋流微泡浮选柱有效分选多变的浮选入料。

浮选机与浮选柱联合二次浮选工艺在回坡底选煤厂的应用研究

随着煤泥中高灰细泥含量增加以及对尾煤灰分要求提高,浮选精煤灰分偏高导致重介精煤“背灰”的问题日益凸显,严重影响企业的经济效益。为解决上述问题,回坡底选煤厂进行了浮选机与旋流微泡浮选柱联合的二次浮选工艺改造。基于回坡底选煤厂入浮煤泥性质,探讨了浮选机一次浮选得到合格精煤和高灰尾煤的可行性,对比了实验室浮选机和浮选柱对工业一浮精煤的二次浮选效果,分析了工业改造前后的浮选生产指标。结果表明,回坡底选煤厂入浮煤泥采用浮选机一次浮选无法同时得到合格精煤和高灰尾煤;二次浮选中,在浮选药剂用量相同且浮选精煤灰分相当的前提下,浮选柱所得精煤产率较浮选机高2.73%,尾煤灰分高11.53%。与改造前相比,完成二次浮选工艺改造后,浮选精煤灰分可稳定在9.50%以下,解决了重介精煤“背灰”问题,同时浮选尾煤灰分可稳定在75%以上;综合精煤产率提高0.52%,每年可多回收浮选精煤约1.45万t,还可增加中煤4.33万t。

起泡剂对高灰尾煤泥浮选的影响及机理研究

以贵州某焦煤选厂浮选尾煤泥为研究对象,考察了甲基异丁基甲醇(MIBC)、仲辛醇、2号油、正戊醇等起泡剂对浮选尾煤泥再选提质的影响及作用机理。结果表明,用量相近时,MIBC为起泡剂所获得的浮选指标优于其他3种起泡剂。煤油用量1000 g/t、MIBC用量350 g/t时,灰分56.90%的原煤经一粗一精一扫浮选可获得灰分11.47%、产率32.03%的合格炼焦精煤产品。利用充气法研究了4种起泡剂的起泡能力及泡沫稳定性,发现2号油起泡能力和气泡稳定性均较强,正戊醇起泡能力和气泡稳定性均较弱,MIBC和仲辛醇表现适中。利用气泡-颗粒包覆角及诱导时间测量仪进一步分析了不同起泡剂作用下气泡与煤粒黏附作用过程,发现MIBC可以提升气泡的载矿能力,缩短颗粒与气泡间的诱导时间,从而获得较好的浮选效果。