Cyclopia Associated with Sexual Ambiguity Discovered at the Birth of a Newborn Whose Mother Contracted COVID-19 in Early Pregnancy: A Rare Case at the Teaching Hospital of Angre (ABIDJAN)

Cyclopia is a rare congenital brain malformation frequently associated with facial anomalies. It is characterized by the presence of a single eye with varying degrees of doubling of the intrinsic ocular structures located in the middle of the face. It is the most severe facial expression of holoprosencephaly. Its aetiology is still poorly understood, but several factors could play a role in its occurrence, including certain viruses contracted during pregnancy. Obstetrical ultrasound has made antenatal diagnosis and the search for associated malformations possible. This diagnosis must be made antenatally because the prognosis is poor, hence the decision to terminate the pregnancy. We report a case of cyclopia associated with ambiguity of the external genitalia, discovered intraoperatively in a patient with poor prenatal follow-up, in whom a coronavirus infection (COVID-19) had been diagnosed in early pregnancy.

Red honeybush(Cyclopia genistoides)tea mitigates oxidative imbalance and hyperlipidemia,while improving glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic rats

Red honeybush tea(RHT)is a tea product developed from Cyclopia spp.which is endemic to South Africa.Aside refreshment,RHT has over the years been used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including type 2 diabetes.This study investigated the in vivo antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of RHT concentrated hot water extract in type 2 diabetes(T2D)model of rats.T2D was induced starting with feeding 10%fructose solution ad libitum for 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(40 mg/kg body weight(BW)).Five weeks of treatment of RHT led to significant(P<0.05)elevation in serum insulin,pancreaticβ-cell function,HDL-C levels with concomitant decrease in AST,ALT,ALP,urea,CK-MB,fructosamine,total cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL-C,and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.RHT also signifi cantly(P<0.05)decreased MDA levels and enhanced level of GSH,activity of SOD,catalase,GR in most of organs(pancreas,liver,kidneys,and heart).Signifi cantly(P<0.05)improved morphological changes in the islets andβ-cells were observed in rats treated with RHT.The data of this study suggest that RHT demonstrates an outstanding antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects in STZ-induced T2D model of rats.

A Rare Case of Holoprosencephalus with Cyclopia

Cyclopia is a rare genetic defect. It is the most severe form of alobar holoprosencephaly, characterized by the fusion of the two orbits and is linked to the lack of development of the frontal bud falling within the framework of ectroprosopia. Case presentation: This is a case report of Gravida 3 Para 3, 32 years old and without a history of abortion, with a history of normal vaginal birth which occurs during labor latency with active movements of the fetus present and cardiac activity on auscultation with pinard stethoscope. The uterine height was 32 cm with well palpated fetal poles. Ultrasound examination confirms the presence of normal cardiac activity with a poorly responsive fetus. After labor management, she gave birth 3 hours after admission to the maternity ward of a living newborn male weighing 2800 g with an Apgar score of 4/10 at the first minute and 2/10 at the fifth minute. He died 10 minutes later at the maternity hospital of the Saint-Louis regional hospital center, in northern Senegal. Conclusion: Holoprosencephaly is certainly rare but remains the most common structural congenital anomaly of the brain with a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. Early perinatal diagnosis and determination of severity are important to inform parents of the possibilities of a future life. The voluntary termination of pregnancy is an option but remains prohibited in the country to this day for these indications.

Holoprosencephaly with Cyclopia and Proboscis in a Female Namibian Baby: A Case Report

We present a case of Holoprosencephaly (HPE) with cyclopia and proboscis that was delivered in Katutura Intermediate Hospital, Namibia. The mother was a 24-year-old, G2P1 with no known comorbid conditions and no history of illicit or over-the-counter drug use. Her first pregnancy was uneventful and resulted in delivery of a normal baby. She had not attended antenatal clinic by the time of her presentation with the index pregnancy and the abnormality was picked up from the booking sonar. She went into spontaneous preterm labour and delivery before the planned date for admission for termination of pregnancy and physical examination of the baby confirmed the diagnosis of Holoprosencephaly with cyclopia. The pictures presented in this article were taken after obtaining parental consent.

Nitrogen nutrition,carbon accumulation andδ^(13)C of Cyclopia and Aspalathus species in different settings of the Cape fynbos,South Africa

Aims Cyclopia and Aspalathus are legumes harvested for production of Honeybush and Rooibos tea,respectively.Farmers grow these species from either seeds or cuttings over several years with continuous annual harvesting.The aims of this study were to assess the effect of plant age,plant species,toposequence,planting material and farmer practice on nitrogen(N)nutrition and water-use efficiency of two Cyclopia and Aspalathus species in the Cape fynbos.Methods The study was conducted using plants from Koksrivier farm located near Gansbaai(33°S 18°E,39 m.a.s.l),and at Kanetberg farm near Barrydale(33°S 21°E,830 m.a.s.l).The 15N natural abundance technique was used to determine N_(2)fixation,carbon(C)assimilation andδ^(13)C in shoot of Cyclopia and Aspalathus species.Important Findings Older tea plantations of C.genistoides and C.subternata derived more N from fixation and exhibited greater water-use efficiency than younger plants.At Koksrivier,Aspalathus caledonensis and A.aspalathoides showed greater water-use efficiency and derived more N from fixation than Cyclopia genistoides.Annual harvesting of C.genistoides decreased N_(2)fixation.At Kanetberg,C.subter-nata plants on the upper and middle slopes derived more N from atmospheric fixation than those on the lower slope.C.subternata plants grown from seedlings recorded greater%Ndfa than cuttings.N_(2)fixation and water-use efficiency of Cyclopia was affected by age,slope and planting material.Further,symbiotic N nutrition and water-use efficiency of Cyclopia and Aspalathus were related.

Plant Enzymes, Root Exudates, Cluster Roots and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis are the Drivers of P Nutrition in Native Legumes Growing in P Deficient Soil of the Cape Fynbos in South Africa

The Cape fynbos is characterised by highly leached, sandy, acidic soils with very low nutrient concentrations. Plant-available P levels range from 0.4 μg P g-1 to 3.7 μg P g-I soil, and 1-2 mg N gl soil. Despite these low nutrient concentrations, the fynbos is home to 9,030 vascular plant species with 68.7% endemicity. How native plant species survive such low levels of available P is intriguing, and indeed the subject of this review. In the fynbos soils, P is easily precipitated with cations such as Fe and Al, forming AI-P and Fe-P in acidic soils, or Ca-P in neutral-to-alkaline soils. The mechanisms for promoting P availability and enhancing P nutrition include the development of mycorrhizal symbiosis （with 80%-90% of higher plants, e.g., Cyclopia, Aspalathus, Psoralea and Leucadendron etc.） which exhibits 3-5 times much greater P acquisition than non-mycorrhizal roots. Formation of cluster roots by the Leguminosae （Fabaceae） and their exudation of Kreb cycle intermediates （organic acids） for solubilizing P, secretion of root exudate compounds （organic acids, phenolics, amino acids, etc.） that mobilize P. The synthesis and release of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme that catalyze the cleavage of mineral P from organic phosphate esters in acidic and alkaline soils, and the development of deep tap roots as well as massive secondary roots within the uppermost 15 cm of soil for capturing water and nutrients. Some fynbos legumes employ all these adaptive mechanisms for enhancing P nutrition and plant growth. Aspalathus and Cyclopia species typically form mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbiosis for improving P and N nutrition, produce cluster roots and acid phosphatases for increasing P supply, and release root exudates that enhance P solubilisation and uptake.

角膜绷带镜对独眼白内障患者焦虑情绪及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨角膜绷带镜对独眼白内障患者焦虑情绪及生活质量的影响。方法:选取中山大学中山眼科中心白内障科2020年12月至2021年7月收治的120例独眼白内障患者作为试验对象,采用便利抽样法分为实验组(佩戴角膜绷带镜)与对照组(未佩戴角膜绷带镜)。运用焦虑自评量表、视功能的生存质量量表来评估比较2组患者的焦虑程度、术后生存质量。结果:入院前2组患者的焦虑评分、生存质量评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后第1天实验组患者的焦虑评分明显低于对照组、生存质量评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者的焦虑评分由入院前的55.35±7.09降低至43.77±5.56,焦虑程度比入院前减轻20%;对照组患者焦虑评分由入院前的54.27±5.93降低至47.92±7.02,焦虑程度较入院前减轻12%;实验组患者生存质量评分由入院前的55.32±25.57增至术后第1天的81.01±13.74,增长了46%;对照组患者生存质量评分由入院前的56.38±14.43降低至术后第1天的36.15±17.97,降低了35%。结论:角膜绷带镜可以减轻独眼白内障患者的焦虑情绪,提高术后生活质量。

动态随机点立体视图检测正常人对不同速度水平运动立体视标分辨力

目的采用动态随机点立体视图研究正常人立体视功能与立体视标运动速度的关系。方法自身前后对照实验。选取2014年10月至2015年2月于中国医大四院眼科门诊就诊的患者中双眼视功能正常的志愿者30人，其中男13人，女17人，年龄20-29岁，平均（25．53±1．80）岁。使用自制动态立体图（dynamic rondom dot stereograms，DRDS）软件，在双眼最佳矫正状态下测定其对水平运动速度分别为60、90、120、150°／s（degree per second，DPS）的立体视标的分辨能力。对结果进行线性回归、x^2检验、非参数Man—Whitney—U检验统计学分析，P≤0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果对各组组平均立体视锐度进行线性回归分析，速度与立体功能呈负相关，R=0．982，对每个运动速度下通过各立体视锐度（弧秒）的人数进行非参数Man—Whitney—U检验，结果显示相邻组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对60弧秒静态通过人数与各速度下通过人数进行，检验，结果显示60弧秒通过人数静态组与90、120、150DPS动态组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），与60DPS组差异不显著。结论正常人在水平运动动态随机点立体图实验（DRDS）中，视标沿水平轴以大于90DPS的速度运动时，动态立体视功能低于静态立体视功能正常值。且当双眼视差恒定且作为唯一信号时，人可以根据中央眼成像来识别运动中的物体，且立体视功能随立体视标运动速度增加而下降。