Mechanism of size effects in microcylindrical compression of pure copper considering grain orientation distribution

In microscale deformation, the magnitudes of specimen and grain sizes are usually identical, and size- dependent phenomena of deformation behavior occur, namely, size effects. In this study, size effects in micro- cylindrical compression were investigated experimentally. It was found that, with the increase of grain size and decrease of specimen size, flow stress decreases and inhomogeneous material flow increases. These size effects tend to be more distinct with miniaturization. Thereafter, a modified model considering orientation distribution of surface grains and continuity between surface grains and inner grains is developed to model size effects in micro- forming. Through finite element simulation, the effects of specimen size, grain size, and orientation of surface grains on the flow stress and inhomogeneous deformation were analyzed. There is a good agreement between experimental and simulation results.

Stability of perfect and imperfect cylindrical shells under axial compression and torsion

Stability analyses of perfect and imperfect cylindrical shells under axial compression and torsion were presented. Finite element method for the stability analysis of perfect cylindrical shells was put forward through comparing critical loads and the first buckling modes with those obtained through theoretical analysis. Two typical initial defects, non-circularity and uneven thickness distribution, were studied. Critical loads decline with the increase of non-circularity, which exist in imperfect cylindrical shells under both axial compression and torsion. Non-circularity defect has no effect on the first buckling mode when cylindrical shell is under torsion. Unfortunately, it has a completely different buckling mode when cylindrical shell is under axial compression. Critical loads decline with the increase of thickness defect amplitude, which exist in imperfect cylindrical shells under both axial compression and torsion, too. A greater wave number is conducive to the stability of cylindrical shells. The first buckling mode of imperfect cylindrical shells under torsion maintains its original shape, but it changes with wave number when the cylindrical shell is under axial compression.

ENDOCHRONIC ANALYSIS FOR COMPRESSIVE BUCKLING OF THIN－WALLED CYLINDERS IN YIELD REGION

The longitudinal compressive buckling of long and thin-walled cylinders in yield region is analyzed with the incremental and finite forms of the endochronic constitutive equation, respectively. The relations between the critical stress σ_(cr)versus the ratio of R (the radius) versus h (the thickness of the wall) are derived. The critical stress of the thin-walled cylinders made of abuminum alloys AMГ and 1T are analyzed and compared with the experimental data and the analytical results based on traditional theory of plasticity. It is seen that. except that the σ_(cr) of the cylinders made of 1Tpredicted by the finite form of the endochronic theory seems a little more conservative than that by traditional deformation theory of plasticity, in most cases, both forms of the endochornic constitutive equation provide more satisfactory results.

Polyoxometalates-derived nanostructures for electrocatalysis application

The conversion of intermittent renewable electrical energy to chemical energy is of great importance which can not only mitigate current energy and environmental crisis but also contribute to the ongoing carbon neutrality national strategy.Electrocatalysis is serving as a low-carbon conversion technology that enables green and efficient energy conversion mainly through hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),and nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR).The core of electrocatalysis is the design and construction of low-cost high-activity and high-stability electrocatalyst to drive reaction thermodynamics and kinetics.The employment of polyoxometalates(POMs)as platforms or precursors to construct different types of electrocatalysts has been widely reported.Herein,we systematically summarized the recent advances in POM-derived nanostructures for electrocatalysis application.The strategies for precursor design and electrocatalyst synthesis were briefly introduced.The morphology control,phase control,composite modulation,and heterostructure engineering in POM-derived nanostructures were presented in detail.The structure–activity relationship of POM-derived nanostructures is fully discussed for HER CO_(2)RR,and NRR applications.Finally,the current challenges and future outlooks of POM-derived nanostructures are summarized to provide insights toward high-efficiency electrocatalysts for energy conversion technologies.

Modeling of strain-inducedγ→α′phase transformation for 201Cu metastable austenitic stainless steel and its verification in rolling processes

To model the strain-inducedγ→α′phase transformation for the Cr-Mn metastable austenitic stainless steel,the 201Cu steel was chosen as the analytical material and the cylindrical samples of this steel with size ofϕ5 mm×10 mm were compressed at strains of 0.2–0.6 in the temperature range of 25–150°C and in the strain rate range of 0.1–5.0 s^(−1).The flaky samples were prepared by wire cutting from the cylindrical samples and the volume fraction of the strain-inducedα′phase was detected in the test point of the flaky samples.The volume fraction changing with the process parameters was modeled,and the critical temperatures and the critical strains to preventγ→α′phase transformation were calculated as other different process parameters changed.The linear fitting goodness of the model between the calculated volume fraction values and the tested ones is 0.986 and the validity of the model was verified by application in cold and warm rolling experiments.