Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of bromfenac, nepafenac and diclofenac sodium for the prevention of cystoid macular edema after phacoemulsification

AIM： To compare the efficacy, tolerability and safety of bromfenac 0.09%, nepafenac 0.1% or diclofenac 0.1% for the prophylaxis of the cystoid macular edema（CME） after phacoemulsification. METHODS： Group sequential observational comparative study. After phacoemulsification, patients received two months for topical treatment of either diclofenac sodium, bromfenac or nepafenac. All patients received concomitant topical tobramycin 0.3% and topical prednisolone 1%. We measured CME using optical coherence tomography（OCT） central foveal thickness, macular thickness and total macular volume. RESULTS： We enrolled 243 patients from January to June 2015, and 35% received diclofenac, 32.9% bromfenac and 32.1% nepafenac. When we compared pre-operative to three weeks to two months, bromfenac was more effective in reducing foveal volume（21.3 and 35.4 mm3, respectively）, compared with the diclofenac（1.3 and 11.5 mm3, respectively）, and the nepafenac group, became more edematous 6.4 and 5.3, respectively. Totally 133 patients completed the post-surgical satisfaction questionnaire. Patients complained of eye stickiness in 13.8% whom we gave nepafenac, versus 10.3% whom we gave diclofenac sodium, and in 0 whom we gave bromfenac. CONCLUSION： Bromfenac is the best tolerated and is more effective than diclofenac and nepafenac in reducing CME after phacoemulsification.

Efficacy of topical dorzolamide 2% in diabetic cystoid macular edema

AIM:To study the effect of topical dorzolamide 2%on macular thickness reduction in diabetic cystoid macular edema(CME).METHODS:This was a prospective,non-randomized,open study including eyes with diabetic macular edema(DME).All eyes received topical dorzolamide 2%three times daily for one month.Changes in best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),and central macular thickness(CMT)by optical coherence tomography were evaluated at 1 wk,1,and 3 mo post-treatment.RESULTS:Ninety-three eyes(84 patients)were included.Mean±SD(log MAR)BCVA improved significantly from 1.08±0.26 pretreatment to 0.66±0.24 at 1 mo and 0.87±0.26 at 3 mo post-treatment(P<0.001 both).The mean±SD CMT was significantly reduced from 535.27±97.4μm at baseline to 357.43±125.8μm at 1 mo and 376.23±114.5μm at 3 mo post-treatment(P<0.001 both).No significant ocular or systemic side effects were recorded.CONCLUSION:Topical dorzolamide 2%results in significant improvement of mean BCVA and reduction of mean CMT at 3 mo post-treatment.It can be used as an effective,affordable,and safe therapy for treatment of nonrefractory diabetic CME.

Effect of nepafenac 0.1% on retinal thickness after cataract surgery in patients without risk factors for cystoid macular edema

AIM:To evaluate the effect of topical preoperative nepafenac 0.1%treatment on postoperative macular edema using optical coherence tomography(OCT)after uncomplicated cataract surgery.METHODS:Ninety eyes of 90 patients without any risk factors were included in the study.The patients were assigned to three groups:group 1,treated with topical prednisolone acetate 1%;group 2,treated with topical nepafenac 0.1%in addition to prednisolone acetate(1%);and group 3,those who started receiving nepafenac 0.1%treatment 3 d prior to surgery and continued the treatment postoperatively in addition to prednisolone acetate(1%).Central retinal thickness(CRT)and macular volume values were recorded using OCT at weeks 3 and 6.RESULTS:The increases in macular volume in the central 1 mm area after 3 and 6 wk were significantly lower in patients who used prophylactic topical nepafenac preoperatively(group 3)compared with those in group 1(P=0.028 and 0.008,respectively).No significant differences in the increase in macular volume and CRT were noted between groups 2 and 3(P>0.05).In group 1,the increases in macular volume in the central 3 mm area at weeks 3 and 6 were significantly higher than that in group 2 and 3(3rd week,P=0.004;6th week,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:Nepafenac 0.1%treatment in addition to topical steroids after uncomplicated cataract surgery reduce the increase in macular volume in the early postoperative period.

Foveal regeneration after resolution of cystoid macular edema without and with internal limiting membrane detachment:presumed role of glial cells for foveal structure stabilization

AIM: To document with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography the morphological regeneration of the fovea after resolution of cystoid macular edema(CME) without and with internal limiting membrane(ILM) detachment and to discuss the presumed role of the glial scaffold for foveal structure stabilization. METHODS: A retrospective case series of 38 eyes of 35 patients is described. Of these, 17 eyes of 16 patients displayed foveal regeneration after resolution of CME, and 6 eyes of 6 patients displayed CME with ILM detachment. Eleven eyes of 9 patients displayed other kinds of foveal and retinal disorders associated with ILM detachment. RESULTS: The pattern of edematous cyst distribution, with or without a large cyst in the foveola and preferred location of cysts in the inner nuclear layer or Henle fiber layer(HFL), may vary between different eyes with CME or in one eye during different CME episodes. Large cysts in the foveola may be associated with a tractional elevation of the inner foveal layers and the formation of a foveoschisis in the HFL. Edematous cysts are usually not formed in the ganglion cell layer. Eyes with CME and ILM detachment display a schisis between the detached ILM and nerve fiber layer(NFL) which is traversed by Müller cell trunks. ILM detachment was also found in single eyes with myopic traction maculopathy, macular pucker, full-thickness macular holes, outer lamellar holes, and glaucomatous parapapillary retinoschisis, and in 3 eyes with Müller cell sheen dystrophy(MCSD). As observed in eyes with MCSD, cellophane maculopathy, and macular pucker, respectively, fundus light reflections can be caused by different highly reflective membranes or layers: the thickened and tightened ILM which may or may not be detached from the NFL, the NFL, or idiopathic epiretinal membranes. In eyes with short single or multiple CME episodes, the central fovea regenerated either completely, which included the disappearance of irregularities of the photoreceptor layer lines and the reformation of a fovea externa, or with remaining irregularities of the photoreceptor layer lines. CONCLUSION: The examples of a complete regeneration of the foveal morphology after transient CME show that the fovea may withstand even large tractional deformations and has a conspicuous capacity of structural regeneration as long as no cell degeneration occurs. It is suggested that the regenerative capacity depends on the integrity of the threedimensional glial scaffold for foveal structure stabilization composed of Müller cell and astrocyte processes. The glial scaffold may also maintain the retinal structure after loss of most retinal neurons as in late-stage MCSD.

Insights into the pathogenesis of cystoid macular edema: leukostasis and related cytokines

Cystoid macular edema(CME) is the abnormal collection of intraretinal fluid in the macular region, especially in the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers. CME leads to severe visual impairment in patients with various retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion, choroidal neovascularization, and uveitis. Although various retinal conditions lead to CME, a shared pathogenesis of CME is involved in these diseases. Accordingly, the pathogenesis of CME based on vasogenic mechanisms is first discussed in this review, including vascular hyperpermeability, leukostasis, and inflammation. We then describe cytotoxic mechanisms based on retinal Müller cell dysfunction. This comprehensive review will provide an understanding of the pathogenesis of CME for potential therapeutic strategies.

Combined Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and intravitreal dexamethasone implant for concomitant pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and cystoid macular edema

Dear Editor,Endothelial cell density decreases with age and in various ocular conditions,including corneal endotheliitis,uveitis,pseudoexfoliation syndrome,and birth injury(1)The reduction of endothelial cell density is exacerbated over time after intraocular surgery(1)Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty(DSAEK)is considered the primary procedure for patients with only endothelial dysfunction.

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Complicated by Cystoid Macular Edema:Report of Two Cases

Purpose: Selective laser trabeculoplasty,a relatively novel treatment for open angle glaucoma,is frequently associated with mild post-operative intraocular inflammation. Methods: We report two uncommon cases of cystoid macular edema within a few weeks of routine selective laser trabeculoplasty. Results:Visual acuities and macular thicknesses of the two cases returned to baseline after medical treatment,but in one case, the cystoid macular edema persisted for months. Conclusion:Cystoid macular edema after selective laser trabeculoplasty is fortunately a rare complication, but it might be more common in patients with predisposing factors, and it can be resistant to treatment.

Characteristics of fundus autofluorescence in cystoid macular edema

Background Fundus autofluorescence （FAF） imaging is a fast and noninvasive technique developed over the last decade.The authors utilized fluorescent properties of lipofuscin to study the health and viability of the retinal pigment epithelium （RPE）-photoreceptor complex.Observing the intensity and distribution of FAF of various retinal diseases is helpful for ascertaining diagnosis and evaluating prognosis.In this study,we described the FAF characteristics of cystoid macular edema （CME）.Methods Sixty-two patients （70 eyes） with CME were subjected to FAF and fundus fluorescein angiography （FFA） by a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope （Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 （HRA2））.Characteristics of FAF images were compared with FFA images.Results FAF intensity in normal subjects was highest at the posterior pole and dipped at the fovea.All cases of CME showed fluorescein dye accumulated into honeycomb-like spaces in macular and formated a typical petaloid pattern or atypical petaloid pattern in the late phases of the angiography.Sixty-one eyes with CME on FAF images showed mild or moderate hyperautofluorescence petaloid pattern in fovea,the FAF patterns of these CME was perfectly corresponding with shape in their FFA images;nine eyes with CME secondary to exudative age related macular degeneration （AMD） showed expansion of the hypoautofluorescence without petaloid pattern in macula.Conclusion FAF imaging can be used as a new rapid,non-invasive and ancillary technique in the diagnosis of the majority of CME,except for AMD and small part of other fundus diseases.

Green-light fundus autofluorescence in diabetic macular edema

AIM:To evaluate the role of central green-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in diabetic macular edema(DME). METHODS:A consecutive series of 92 study eyes with diabetic retinopathy were included. Out of those, 51 diabetic eyes had DME and were compared to 41 diabetic eyes without DME. In all subjects, green-light FAF images were obtained, quantified and classified into various FAF patterns. Cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were obtained for evaluation of Inner/Outer segment (IS/OS) layer integrity, measurements of central RPE-IS/OS layer thickness as well as classification of DME into various subtypes. ·RESULTS:Meancentralgreen-lightFAFintensityofeyes with DME (1.289 ±0.140)log did not significantly differ from diabetic patients without DME (1.317 ±0.137)log. Most classifiable FAF patterns were seen in patients with cystoid DME. Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) of all study eyes with DME was (501.9±112.4)μm compared to (328.2±27.0)μm in diabetic patients without DME. Patients with DME had significantly more disrupted photoreceptor IS/OS layers than diabetic patients without DME (28/51 vs 5/41, P 【0.001). Mean RPE-IS/OS thickness of patients with DME (60.7±14.1)μm was significantly (P【0.001) lower than in diabetic eyes without DME (73.5 ±9.4)μm. Correlation analysis revealed non-significant correlations of green-light FAF intensity and OCT parameters in all subtypes of DME. ·CONCLUSION:Our results indicate a poor correlation of central green-light FAF intensity with CRT, IS/OS layer integrity or RPE-IS/OS layer thickness in diabetic patients with or without DME and its various subtypes. Thus, central green-light FAF is not suitable for detection of retinal thickening in DME.

Evaluation of systemic risk factors in different optical coherence tomographic patterns of diabetic macular edema

AIM： To elucidate the relationship between systemic risk factors and different patterns of diabetic macular edema（DME） determined with optical coherence tomography（OCT）. METHODS： In this cross-sectional study, DME was classified by OCT as diffuse retinal thickness（DRT）, cystoid macular edema（CME） and serous retinal detachment（SRD） and the relationship between the systemic risk factors and DME patterns was evaluated. RESULTS： Of the 57 patients with DME, 21（36.8%） had DRT, 24（42.1%） had CME and 12（21.0%） had SRD. Microor macro-albuminuria was significantly higher in the DRT pattern（61.9%） compared with the SRD（50.0%） and CME patterns（25.0%; P=0.040）. Hemoglobin A1 c（Hb A1 c） level was significantly higher and patients were younger in the DRT pattern group（P=0.034, P=0.032）. Best corrected visual acuity was the worst and central macular thickness was the thickest in the CME pattern group. CONCLUSION： Micro-or macro-albuminuria may be more frequent and Hb A1 c level may be higher in patients with DRT. These patients are also seen to be younger than patients with non-DRT.

Combinative approach of transzonular triamcinolonemoxifloxacin and perioperative drops to minimize postoperative complications of cataract surgery

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of combinationtherapy with transzonular triamcinolone-moxifloxacin andconventional perioperative drops in reducing postoperativecomplications of cataract surgery. METHODS: Electronic medical records of cataractsurgery patients (single surgeon) were reviewed fromJanuary 2018 to September 2021. The rate of postoperativecomplications including prolonged and/or recurrentpostoperative inflammation, endophthalmitis, cystoid macularedema (CME), and intraocular pressure (IOP) was comparedbetween the patients receiving combinative therapy andpatients receiving drops only. RESULTS: Totally 596 patients and 1057 eyes(Combinative-Therapy group 493 and Drop-Only group 564)were included in this study. Using combination therapyreduced the relative risk of postoperative inflammationby 26.9% (16.6% Combinative-Therapy vs 22.7% Drop-Only, P=0.013). The incidence of endophthalmitis was 0in Combinative-Therapy group vs 0.5% in Drop-Only group(relative risk reduction 100%), although not statisticallysignificant (P=0.10). The incidence of severe IOP spikeswas not significantly different between Combinative-Therapy (2.4%) and Drop-Only (1.6%) groups (P=0.33).The relative risk of postoperative CME was 51.4% less inthree months follow up visit in Combinative-Therapy group,although not statistically significant (P=0.07). The visualoutcome 1-month postop. (best corrected visual acuity) wassignificantly better in Combinative-Therapy (logMAR 0.10)compared to Drop-Only (logMAR 0.14) groups (P=0.02) whilethe baseline visual acuity was not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The combinative approach oftranszonular triamcinolone-moxifloxacin plus perioperativeeyedrops is an effective method to minimize postoperativeinflammation, with better visual outcomes. It couldpotentially reduce the risk of postoperative endophthalmitisand CME (near-significant P-values;larger studies couldanalyze better considering low incidence).

Fundus autofluorescence characteristics in patients with diabetic macular edema

Background Diabetic macular edema （DME） is one of the major causes of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. DME shows a variety of clinical characteristics with unpredictable results to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence （FAF） in DME, which is a rapid, noninvasive technique for fundus diseases. Methods A total of 18 patients （30 eyes） with clinically significant macular edema （CSME） were enrolled. FAF imaging was performed with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Other ophthalmic examinations included best corrected visual acuity （BCVA）, MP-1 microperimetry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography （SD-OCT）. Main outcome measurements included BCVA, macular sensitivity （MS）, central retinal thickness （CRT）, central retinal volume （CRV）, the integrity of the inner segment-outer segment junction （IS/OS）, and the integrity of the external limiting membrane （ELM）. Results Among the 30 eyes, four eyes （13.3%） had normal foveal FAF and 26 eyes （86.7%） had abnormal FAF. Abnormal FAF was mainly divided into three types： cystoid increased FAF （iFAF） 16 eyes （53.3%）, spot iFAF six eyes （20%）, irregular decreased FAF （dFAF） four eyes （13.3%）. According to the FAF morphology, patients were categorized into four groups： normal, cystoid iFAF, spot iFAF, and irregular dFAE There was a significant difference in BCVA （P 〈0.001） and MS （P 〈0.05） among the four groups. The visual function of patients with spot iFAF and irregular dFAF was relatively poor. However, there was no difference in CRT （P=-0.186） and CRV （P=0.191） among the four groups. In the normal FAF group, the photoreceptor layers were mostly intact. Regarding the cystoid iFAF group, the photoreceptor layers were relatively intact, while in the other two groups, IS/OS and ELM were disrupted in most patients. No one had intact IS/OS or ELM layer. Conclusions FAF might reflect the damage of the retina and had a relationship with visual function as well as photoreceptor integrity, which gives new insight into the evaluation of DME. Dynamic FAF monitoring helps to better evaluate the disease progression of DME as well as visual function.

Macular auto-fluorescence is a follow-up parameter for cystoids macular edema

This study aimed to evaluate if macular autofluorescence(MAF) is a valuable, non-invasive follow-up parameter for cystoid macular edema. A total of 71 eyes(71 cases) with cystoid macular edema(CME) were included in the study. Macular pigment(MP) was evaluated using HRA2(infrared) IF and FA models. The density of MP was graded into three categories: without, partial, and normal amount of MP. A comparison was made between the baseline(before the first administration) level and at the fourth month, following three consecutive intravitreal lucentis injections every month. The morphology and distribution of MAF, and the density and distribution of MP were regarded as the main outcome measures. At the baseline visit, all eyes with CME had petaloid/irregular-shaped MAF in the macular area(100%). No MAF was detected in the control eyes(0). There was significant difference in MAF between the CME and normal groups(P=0.000). At the fourth monthly visit, normal levels of MP density without MAF was detected in 68 eyes(95.8%) with the best corrected spectacular visual acuity increasing to at least 1 line accordingly. We conclude that macular MAF can be used as a follow-up parameter for patients with CME. MP and MAF can indirectly reflect the fovea cone function.

围术期应用非甾体类抗炎滴眼液防治白内障术后并发症研究进展

白内障是眼科首位致盲疾病,临床常以手术治疗为主,但术后常伴有多种眼部并发症,严重影响患者预后情况。非甾体类抗炎滴眼液具有抗炎作用,是近年来眼科用于防治与白内障手术相关的炎症和囊样黄斑水肿等术后并发症的常用眼用制剂。本文对非甾体类抗炎滴眼液在白内障术后的疗效和安全性进行综述,以期为临床合理用药提供依据。

Quantitative evaluation by optical coherence tomography of prophylactic efficiency of Pranopulin on macular edema after cataract surgery

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens （IOL） implantation has become the most widely acceptedand effective surgery for cataract patients. Although progress in this technique has greatly reduced surgery-related complications, visual acuity can be substantially compromised in certain circumstances, postoperatively. Cystoid macular edema （CME） is one of the most common complications and needs special attention.

The thickness and volume of the choroid,outer retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium layer changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy

AIM: To evaluate the thickness and volume changes of the choroidal, outer retinal layers(ORL) and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR) using optical coherence tomography(OCT) and correlate them with visual acuity.METHODS: We carried out a retrospective observational case series. Consecutive DR patients were recruited for color fundus photography and OCT assessment. The RPE, ORL and choroidal thickness were measured. The correlation with the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) was also investigated.RESULTS: The study included 128 eyes, comprising 45 eyes of 25 diabetic macular edema(DME) patients, 34 eyes of 20 DR without DME(non-DME) patients, and 49 eyes of 25 age-matched normal individuals. The choroidal thickness in DR patients were decreased statistically significantly compared with the control group(P<0.05). The mean macular ORL thickness in DME(73.02±15.34 μm) and non-DME groups(76.35±7.32 μm) were decreased statistically significantly compared with the control group(80.20±5.85 μm; P=0.006, P=0.013, respectively). In both the non-DME and DME groups, the RPE thickness were decreased compared with the control group(P<0.05), except in the macular and central ring. The BCVA were significant interactions with the total inner retinal volume and macular RPE thickness in the DME group(r=0.115, P<0.001, r=-0.013, P=0.017, respectively).CONCLUSION: The choroid, ORL and RPE thickness are significantly decreased in DR patients compared with controls in different segments.

阿柏西普治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑囊样水肿的效果

目的:探讨阿柏西普治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑囊样水肿的临床效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年1月临清市中医院收治的100例糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑囊样水肿患者,使用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=50)及对照组(n=50)。对照组接受玻璃体内注射曲安奈德治疗,观察组接受玻璃体内注射阿柏西普治疗,对比两组的临床指标、眼部相关指标、血管生成相关指标及并发症发生率。结果:两组的视网膜水肿时间、出血时间及水肿渗出吸收时间相较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后7 d,两组的最佳矫正视力均上升,黄斑中心厚度、黄斑区荧光面积、眼底出血面积均降低,视网膜循环时间均缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但术后7 d两组上述指标相较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后7 d,两组的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、促血管生成素-2(Ang-2)及一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)均降低,促血管生成素-1(Ang-1)均上升(P<0.05);术后7 d,观察组的Ang-2及NOS均低于对照组,Ang-1高于对照组(P<0.05),两组VEGF水平相较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的并发症发生率(2.00%)低于对照组(14.00%)(P<0.05)。结论:玻璃体内注射曲安奈德与阿柏西普均可促进糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑囊样水肿患者视力水平改善,显著减轻黄斑水肿,但阿柏西普更有助于改善眼底循环,减少并发症,安全性较高。

玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗白内障术后人工晶状体眼黄斑囊样水肿的效果

目的探讨玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗白内障术后人工晶状体眼黄斑囊样水肿(PCME)的效果。方法选取2018年8月至2021年12月收治的15例(15眼)白内障术后PCME患者作为研究对象,给予玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗。比较患者注药前、注药后不同时间点的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)和并发症发生情况。结果患者注药前、注药后1 d及1、3、6个月的BCVA比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);注药后1 d及1、3、6个月,患者的BCVA优于注药前(P<0.05);注药后1、3、6个月,患者的BCVA优于注药后1 d(P<0.05)。注药前、注药后1 d及1、3、6个月的眼压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。注药前及注药后1、3、6个月的CMT比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);注药后1、3、6个月,患者的CMT小于注药前(P<0.05)。注药后1 d及1、3、6个月,所有患者未出现眼部和全身并发症。结论玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德能安全、有效地降低白内障术后PCME患者的黄斑水肿程度,改善视力。

抗VEGF治疗对不同类型DME患者黄斑中心凹无血管区的影响

目的基于糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)的不同影像类型,采用OCTA探讨DME患者抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗前后黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)结构的变化。方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年10月来我院就诊的经3+PRN抗VEGF治疗的51例62眼DME患者资料。根据黄斑水肿类型分为弥漫增厚型DME(DRT-DME)组30例(36眼)和黄斑囊样水肿型DME(CME-DME)组21例(26眼)。分别收集两组患者抗VEGF治疗前、治疗后3个月及治疗后6个月的临床资料和OCTA指标,包括最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CRT)、FAZ面积、黄斑中心凹旁300μm范围内的视网膜血流密度(FD)和FAZ非圆度指数(AI),并对其进行比较分析。对CME-DME组患者抗VEGF治疗前后OCTA指标差值(治疗前与治疗后6个月差值)之间的相关性采用Spearman相关性分析。结果与治疗前相比,DRT-DME组患者治疗后3个月和治疗后6个月各方位的CRT均下降、BCVA均改善(均为P<0.05),但FAZ面积、FD和AI的差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,CME-DME组患者治疗后3个月和治疗后6个月各方位的CRT均下降、BCVA均改善、FAZ面积均减小、FD均增加和AI均减小(均为P<0.05)。而DRT-DME组和CME-DME组患者治疗后3个月、6个月之间相比,上述各指标间的差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。对CME-DME组患者抗VEGF治疗前后OCTA指标差值(△=治疗前-治疗后6个月)的Spearman相关性分析结果显示:△FAZ面积与△AI呈正相关(P<0.05);△FD与△FAZ面积、△AI均呈负相关(均为P<0.05);△CRT与△FAZ面积、△AI均呈正相关,与△FD呈负相关(均为P<0.05)。结论抗VEGF治疗对不同影像类型DME患者FAZ结构的影响不同,有助于改善CME-DME患者黄斑区血供,促进FAZ结构的修复,而对DRT-DME患者无明显影响,但随访期内未加重中心凹旁视网膜缺血。

利湿颗粒联合曲安奈德注射液治疗白内障手术后黄斑囊样水肿的临床疗效观察

目的观察利湿颗粒联合曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)注射液治疗白内障手术后黄斑囊样水肿(pseu⁃dophakic cystoid macular edema,PCME)的临床疗效。方法选择2019年6月—2022年1月到河北省眼科医院白内障眼科就诊的60例PCME患者,按照单纯随机抽样分组原则分为利湿颗粒组和对照组各30例,对照组患者给予TA注射液治疗;利湿颗粒组在对照组的基础上予以口服医院自拟制剂利湿颗粒治疗,疗程均为3个月。观察比较两组患者治疗前后最佳矫正视力、黄斑中央厚度、眼内压变化,以及有效率和不良反应等情况,评价其有效性和安全性。结果对照组的总有效率为73.33%(22/30),利湿颗粒组的总有效率为93.33%(28/30),利湿颗粒组患者治疗后的总有效率相较于对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。经治疗4、8周后,利湿颗粒组患者的BCVA相较于对照组有下调趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗12周后,利湿颗粒组患者的BCVA水平明显降低(P<0.05)。治疗4、8周后,利湿颗粒组患者的IOP相较于对照组有上调趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗12周后,利湿颗粒组患者的IOP水平明显升高(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,利湿颗粒组患者的CMT相较于对照组有下调趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗8、12周后,利湿颗粒组患者的CMT相较于对照组明显降低。治疗期间患者主要有血压升高、肥胖、浮肿等不良反应,但症状均较轻微,患者均可耐受。其中对照组分别有2例血压升高、1例肥胖、1例浮肿者,利湿颗粒组分别有3例血压升高、2例肥胖以及1例浮肿者,两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论利湿颗粒联合TA腔内注射治疗PCME能够显著提高临床效果,可降低黄斑区视网膜厚度,提高视力,安全性较高。