1文献来源Le D T,Kim T W,Van Cutsem E,et al.PhaseⅡopen⁃label study of pembrolizumab in treatment⁃refractory,microsatellite instability⁃high/mismatch repair⁃deficient metastatic colorectal cancer:KEYNOTE⁃164[J].J Clin ...1文献来源Le D T,Kim T W,Van Cutsem E,et al.PhaseⅡopen⁃label study of pembrolizumab in treatment⁃refractory,microsatellite instability⁃high/mismatch repair⁃deficient metastatic colorectal cancer:KEYNOTE⁃164[J].J Clin Oncol,2019,38(1):11-19.2证据水平2a。3背景•微卫星高度不稳定性(microsatellite instability high,MSI⁃H)或错配修复功能缺陷(mismatch repair⁃deficient,dMMR)结直肠癌患者的预后比微卫星稳定(microsatellite stability,MSS)结直肠癌患者的预后差。展开更多
On May 23, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration （FDA） approved a treatment for cancer patients with positive microsatellite instability-high （MSI-H） markers or mismatch repair deficient （dMMR） markers. This...On May 23, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration （FDA） approved a treatment for cancer patients with positive microsatellite instability-high （MSI-H） markers or mismatch repair deficient （dMMR） markers. This approach is the first approved tumor treatment using a common biomarker rather than specified tumor locations in the body. FDA previously approved Keytruda for treatment of several types of malignancies, such as metastatic melanoma, metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer, refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, and urothelial carcinoma, all of which carry positive programmed death-l/ programmed death-ligand 1 biomarkers. Therefore, indications of Keytruda significantly expanded. Several types of malignancies are disclosed by MSI-H status due to dMMR and characterized by increased neoantlgen load, which elicits intense host immune response in tumor microenvironment, including portions of colorectal and gastric carcinomas. Currently, biomarker-based patient selection remains a challenge. Pathologists play important roles in evaluating histology and biomarker results and establishing detection methods. Taking gastric cancer as an example, its molecular classification is built on genome abnormalities, but it lacks acceptable clinical characteristics. Pathologists are expected to act as ＂genetic interpreters＂ or ＂genetic translators＂ and build a link between molecular subtypes with tumor histological features. Subsequently, by using their findings, oncologists will carry out targeted therapy based on molecular classification.展开更多
文摘1文献来源Le D T,Kim T W,Van Cutsem E,et al.PhaseⅡopen⁃label study of pembrolizumab in treatment⁃refractory,microsatellite instability⁃high/mismatch repair⁃deficient metastatic colorectal cancer:KEYNOTE⁃164[J].J Clin Oncol,2019,38(1):11-19.2证据水平2a。3背景•微卫星高度不稳定性(microsatellite instability high,MSI⁃H)或错配修复功能缺陷(mismatch repair⁃deficient,dMMR)结直肠癌患者的预后比微卫星稳定(microsatellite stability,MSS)结直肠癌患者的预后差。
文摘On May 23, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration （FDA） approved a treatment for cancer patients with positive microsatellite instability-high （MSI-H） markers or mismatch repair deficient （dMMR） markers. This approach is the first approved tumor treatment using a common biomarker rather than specified tumor locations in the body. FDA previously approved Keytruda for treatment of several types of malignancies, such as metastatic melanoma, metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer, refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, and urothelial carcinoma, all of which carry positive programmed death-l/ programmed death-ligand 1 biomarkers. Therefore, indications of Keytruda significantly expanded. Several types of malignancies are disclosed by MSI-H status due to dMMR and characterized by increased neoantlgen load, which elicits intense host immune response in tumor microenvironment, including portions of colorectal and gastric carcinomas. Currently, biomarker-based patient selection remains a challenge. Pathologists play important roles in evaluating histology and biomarker results and establishing detection methods. Taking gastric cancer as an example, its molecular classification is built on genome abnormalities, but it lacks acceptable clinical characteristics. Pathologists are expected to act as ＂genetic interpreters＂ or ＂genetic translators＂ and build a link between molecular subtypes with tumor histological features. Subsequently, by using their findings, oncologists will carry out targeted therapy based on molecular classification.
