DISPATCHING REAL-TIME MODEL OF COMPUTER-CONTROLLED TRUCK

In order to recover ore as much as possible, a computer-controlled truck real-time dispatching model is conducted under the conditions of Qidashan lron Mine. It can not only acquire the optimization of shovel and truck operation, but also satisfy requirements of blending ores.The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the model developed.

Real-time Risk-averse Dispatch of an Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas System via Condi-tional Value-at-risk-based Lookup-table Ap-proximate Dynamic Programming

The real-time risk-averse dispatch problem of an integrated electricity and natural gas system(IEGS)is studied in this paper.It is formulated as a real-time conditional value-at-risk(CVaR)-based risk-averse dis-patch model in the Markov decision process framework.Because of its stochasticity,nonconvexity and nonlinearity,the model is difficult to analyze by traditional algorithms in an acceptable time.To address this non-deterministic polynomial-hard problem,a CVaR-based lookup-table approximate dynamic programming(CVaR-ADP)algo-rithm is proposed,and the risk-averse dispatch problem is decoupled into a series of tractable subproblems.The line pack is used as the state variable to describe the impact of one period’s decision on the future.This facilitates the reduction of load shedding and wind power curtailment.Through the proposed method,real-time decisions can be made according to the current information,while the value functions can be used to overview the whole opti-mization horizon to balance the current cost and future risk loss.Numerical simulations indicate that the pro-posed method can effectively measure and control the risk costs in extreme scenarios.Moreover,the decisions can be made within 10 s,which meets the requirement of the real-time dispatch of an IEGS.Index Terms—Integrated electricity and natural gas system,approximate dynamic programming,real-time dispatch,risk-averse,conditional value-at-risk.

Economic Load Dispatch with Daily Load Patterns Using Particle Swarm Optimization

ELD （economic load dispatch） problem is one of the essential issues in power system operation. The objective of solving ELD problem is to allocate the generation output of the committed generating units. The main contribution of this work is to solve the ELD problem concerned with daily load pattern. The proposed solution technique, developed based PSO （particle swarm optimization） algorithm, is applied to search for the optimal schedule of all generations units that can supply the required load demand at minimum fuel cost while satisfying all unit and system operational constraints. The performance of the developed methodology is demonstrated by case studies in test system of six-generation units. The results obtained from the PSO are compared to those achieved from other approaches, such as QP （quadratic programming）, and GA （genetic algorithm）.

TRUCK DISPATCHING CRITERIA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Along with the development of automatical truck dispatching in open pits, it is important to es-tablish general-gurpose criteria for truck dispatching optimization. The existing dispatching criteria are briefly introduced and optimal dispatching criteria for different haulage systems are recommended. Obvious economic results have been obtained from case studies applying the recommended dispatching criteria.

Segmented Real-time Dispatch Model and Stochastic Robust Optimization for Power-gas Integrated Systems with Wind Power Uncertainty

This paper develops a segmented real-time dispatch model for power-gas integrated systems(PGISs), where power-to-gas(P2G) devices and traditional automatic generation control units are cooperated to manage wind power uncertainty. To improve the economics of the real-time dispatch in regard to the current high operation cost of P2Gs, the wind power uncertainty set is divided into several segments, and a segmented linear decision rule is developed, which assigns adjustment tasks differently when wind power uncertainty falls into different segments. Thus, the P2G operation with high costs can be reduced in real-time adjustment. Besides, a novel segmented stochastic robust optimization is proposed to improve the efficiency and robustness of PGIS dispatch under wind power uncertainty, which minimizes the expected cost under the empirical wind power distribution and builds up the security constraints based on the robust optimization. The expected cost is formulated using a Nataf conversion-based multi-point estimate method, and the optimal number of estimate points is determined through sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, a difference-ofconvex optimization with a partial relaxation rule is developed to solve the non-convex dispatch problem in a sequential optimization framework. Numerical simulations in two testing cases validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and solving method.

基于分布式光伏典型日曲线的负荷预测方法研究

分布式光伏电源大规模接入电网后,在实际运行的过程中很大程度上增强了电网系统的电源支撑,但也在一定程度上增加了电网负荷预测的难度。在电网实际运行的过程中,负荷预测是保障电力系统安全稳定经济运行极为重要的一项内容,因此需不断改进负荷预测工作,提升电网调度运行水平。分布式光伏在实际运行过程中,电力资源数据的采集具有一定的难度,因此需对分布式光伏典型日曲线的负荷预测方法进行探究分析,以此提升整体负荷预测的有效性及精准度。

数字孪生在铁路货运生产组织中的应用研究

铁路调度日(班)计划与货运作业是铁路运输生产经营中两个关键组成部分,它们之间存在着密切的关系。为推动铁路货运高质量发展,从调度日(班)计划与货运作业的关系出发,提出一种基于数字孪生的铁路货运装卸车作业流程仿真方案,充分利用计划、货运作业等相关数据,构建相应的铁路货运装卸车作业流程模型,通过仿真工具进行仿真,生成货运作业数字孪生结果,并利用机器学习优化模型,提高货运作业仿真预测结果的准确性。该仿真方案可应用于顺向推演模拟、阶段作业研判和逆向推演研判等场景,经试验验证,提出的方案和应用场景能够有效提高生产组织效率。

基于三角旋回算法的共享储能电站工业用户日前优化调度方法

针对逐步寻优求解后,工业用户群的日运行成本依旧较高的问题,提出一种基于三角旋回算法的共享储能电站工业用户日前优化调度方法。考虑电量交互时的共享储能服务费,建立工业用户日前优化调度模型;以工业用户群日运行成本最小化为目标,构建优化调度目标函数,计算工业用户主体效益;设置多项连续性优化调度约束条件,引入三角旋回算法,通过灾变操作修正个体对应位计算全局最优解,得到最合理的日前优化调度方案。结果表明,应用所提优化调度方法后,有效降低了工业用户购电费用。

Coupling real-time simulation of power supply,trains and dispatching for urban rail transit

In order to study the interaction among the traction power supply,the train group and the operation dispatching of urban rail transit,a coupling simulation system of power supply system,trains and dispatching management is constructed.In order to solve the problems of different timescales and difficult cooperation operation for related subsystems,a multi-bus distributed real-time network architecture based on hierarchical management of communication data is established,and simulation management software is developed to facilitate the free expansion of the simulation system.Meanwhile,the track line,train operation and other large timescale subsystems are realized by the pure digital simulation.And the time-sensitive subsystems,such as train traction system,braking system,auxiliary power supply system and network system etc.,are built by the semi-physical simulation.In this article,the system structure and the main implementation principle of each simulation subsystem are given in detail,and the system is tested and verified at the end.The results show that the simulation system can meet the expected requirements.

基于光伏发电量预测的含氢储能微网分段优化调度

针对多储能微网如何高效、经济运行,搭建了基于光伏发电的含氢储能、蓄电池储能的微网系统,采用一种日前预测调度与日内实时调度相结合的分段调度策略。在日前预测调度阶段,采用基于麻雀搜索算法优化支持向量机模型提高对日前的光伏发电量和负荷预测的精度,以微网最小使用成本为目标,考虑系统运行的可靠性,采用改进粒子群算法制定微网的日前最优调度策略。在日内调度阶段,考虑氢储能系统的响应延迟特性,以蓄电池为灵活补充元件,制定实时调整微网运行策略,消除预测误差带来的影响。最后,结合实际算例分析,验证了分段优化调度的可行性。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效预测数据,减少微网调度的响应时间,提高系统运行的经济性和稳定性。

A retroactive approach to microgrid real-time scheduling in quest of perfect dispatch solution

As an emerging paradigm in distributed power systems,microgrids provide promising solutions to local renewable energy generation and load demand satisfaction.However,the intermittency of renewables and temporal uncertainty in electrical load create great challenges to energy scheduling,especially for small-scale microgrids.Instead of deploying stochastic models to cope with such challenges,this paper presents a retroactive approach to real-time energy scheduling,which is prediction-independent and computationally efficient.Extensive case studies were conducted using 3-year-long real-life system data,and the results of simulations show that the cost difference between the proposed retroactive approach and perfect dispatch is less than 11%on average,which suggests better performance than model predictive control with the cost difference at 30%compared to the perfect dispatch.

新形势下指挥中心岗位人员专业素质能力提升的相关对策研究

“全灾种、大应急”工作职能的转型升级,对消防救援队伍指挥中心岗位人员专业素质能力提出了更高的要求。119指挥中心是与人民贴得最近、联系最紧的生命线,日常接警调度工作贯穿于各类应急救援工作中,及时的接警调度工作能够最大限度保护人民群众的生命财产安全。如何进一步提升新形势下指挥中心人员的专业素质和日常履职能力,成为直接影响应急救援工作成功的关键因素。通过对一线消防救援队伍指挥中心工作中普遍存在的问题进行逐一研判,提出了针对性的对策措施,以期为消防救援队伍指挥中心岗位人员专业素质能力的提升提供参考。

Dynamic-decision-based Real-time Dispatch for Reducing Constraint Violations

This paper proposes a dynamic-decision-based realtime dispatch method to coordinate the economic objective with multiple types of security dispatch objectives while reducing constraint violations in the process of adjusting the system operation point to the optimum.In each decision moment,the following tasks are executed in turn:①locally linearizing the system model at the current operation point with the online model identification by using measurements;②narrowing down the gaps between unsatisfied security requirements and their security thresholds in order of priority;③minimizing the generation cost;④minimizing the security indicators within their security thresholds.Compared with the existing real-time dispatch strategies,the proposed method can adjust the deviations caused by unpredictable power flow fluctuations,avoid dispatch bias caused by model parameter errors,and reduce the constraint violations in the dispatch decision process.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with the IEEE 39-bus system.

Two-stage Correction Strategy-based Real-time Dispatch for Economic Operation of Microgrids

Given the different energy rates of multiple types of power generation units,different operation plans affect the economy of microgrids.Limited by load and power generation forecasting technologies,the economic superiority of day-ahead plans is unable to be fully utilized because of the fluctuation of loads and power sources.In this regard,a two-stage correction strategy-based real-time dispatch method for the economic operation of microgrids is proposed.Based on the optimal day-ahead economic operation plan,unbalanced power is validly allocated in two stages in terms of power increment and current power,which maintains the economy of the day-ahead plan.Further,for operating point offset during real-time correction,a rolling dispatch method is introduced to dynamically update the system operation plan.Finally,the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

梯级水电站发电计划编制与厂内经济运行一体化调度模式

为充分发挥梯级水电站水力、电力补偿调节作用,实现水调与电调的有机结合,提出一种发电计划编制与厂内经济运行一体化循环嵌套调度模式。从发电侧及需求侧的角度出发,建立以短期调峰量最大为目标的发电计划编制模型,通过峰荷比调峰方式生成电站出力方案,并在空间最优流量分配表基础上实现模型高效求解;结合发电计划化编制与厂内经济运行耦合特性分析,构建二者的循环嵌套调度模式,将发电计划编制结果作为厂内模型输入,同时使用厂内仿真结果对出力方案进行反馈修正,制定能满足最小下泄要求的电站最优发电计划方案、最优机组组合及机组间负荷分配策略。将该模式应用于金沙江下游溪洛渡—向家坝梯级短期优化运行中,实例表明所提一体化调度模式能实现电站发电计划编制与厂内经济运行一体化运作,为提高梯级电站水能利用率和发电效益提供了一种有效途径。

广东电网节能发电调度计划模型与算法

开展节能发电调度是我国电力行业实现节能降耗的重要举措。以全国节能发电调度5个试点省份之一的广东为研究对象,本文分析了广东电网推行节能发电调度面临的网络约束,时段耦合与网损折算等突出问题,提出了以煤耗最小化为目标、考虑网损的日前节能调度计划的优化模型。为了有效地求解问题,本文提出两阶段求解方法,首先求得日发电计划的可行解,进而在可行域内部逐步优化,模型与算法考虑了电网众多复杂的约束条件,具有一定的通用性与灵活性。利用广东电网实际数据制订了不同调度目标下的发电计划,对各种发电计划进行了对比分析,验证了算法的适应性与有效性。

基于煤耗和排放的日发电曲线编制模型

介绍了以煤耗而不是以机组排序为核心要素的日发电曲线编制模型。以系统内最低的机组煤耗为基值,形成煤耗差异标幺值;根据煤耗差异标幺值数值特征,建立机组负荷率与煤耗最低的机组负荷率之间的数学关系,考虑排放达标情况,修正这一负荷率;根据功率平衡求解出煤耗最低的机组负荷率,考虑机组速率、安全约束等因素计算各机组的分配负荷,形成机组24h的96点(或288点)日发电计划负荷曲线。

电力市场的日有功优化调度

在电力市场条件下 ,电力系统日有功调度已由单纯的电能供需平衡分配过渡到以追求全网总供电成本最小、寻求用户电价最低为目标。针对这一特点 ,提出了在多约束的条件下 ,寻求全网经济效益最优的两步简易求解法。首先应用优先级法以求得机组经济组合 ,然后再采用改进型优先顺序法进行经济负荷分配。该方法还可应用于水火电混合电力系统和互联电力系统的日有功优化调度。该研究成果已被开发成软件系统 ,投入省级电网的调度运营 。

日前电力市场环境下的实时调度

全面阐述了在日前电力市场环境下如何将日前发电计划转化为实时调度指令,以确保日前计划具备调度和结算上的双重意义。结合超短期负荷预测的结果,充分考虑日前市场的实施现状,提出了基于日前计划的首选分配策略和基于可调裕度、发电进度完成率、合同电价的辅助分配策略。对稳定断面的潮流控制、紧急控制提高控制性能标准(CPS)指标、翻牌机制防止破坏CPS指标以及增强系统抗干扰能力等关键问题进行了详细阐述。根据该设计思想建设的超短期实时调度系统已在浙江电网投入使用,取得了良好效果,有效保证了市场出清的严肃性。

铁路承认车早6点调整计划优化模型及算法

铁路局早6点调整计划是在日班计划基础上,对可变类型的请求车进行调整。早6点调整计划优化必须解决的问题包括3个方面:不同类型请求车之间的类型相互转换;针对某站、线、区段、调度台加减车数;按照一定的优先顺序审批调整计划。在已经实际应用的日班计划模型的基础上,得到改进的日班计划调整模型。根据区段内或区段外、定义车种别或未定义车种别、原已承认部分或原未承认部分及补请部分等因素,将可变类型请求车按优先顺序划分为6个集合,建立早6点调整计划6层双目标优化模型,并给出第l(1≤l≤6)层规划模型。根据铁路实际运输组织过程,采用启发式算法,设计求得模型较优解的算法。以此开发计算机应用系统,系统采用B/S模式,以1个铁路局的数据为例进行计算,结果表明系统能替代人工自动生成早6点调整计划。