RESEARCH ON MICROWAVE HUMIDITY TESTING OF CERAMIC PRODUCTS

This paper analyses the principle of microwave humidity testing. According to the problems in the production procedure of ceramic products, a microwave humidity testing system is designed and analyzed for its advantages. Furthermore, the system has been applied to the production line that produces ceramic products and the testing results are also satisfying.

Export of Chinese Daily-used Ceramics Rank First in the World

Recently, some famous-brand ceramics produced by over 10 domestic best ceramics manufacturers were grandly promoted by China Ceramics Association, and were placed on noticeable positions of the Ceramics Exhibit Areas in Chinese Gifts Expo 2002, which was just closed before long. It was said that during the first half

Infrared Ceramic Powder Health Products and Their Inventor

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Preparation of High Performance Grccn Alumina Ceramic Balls by Roller Production Waste

To reuse roller waste as a raw material of high performance green ceramic balls, three kinds of white alumina ceramic balls whose wear resistance were 2-3 times of the best high alumina ceramic ball with 90% Al2O3 were prepared, and the Al2O3 content of the prepared balls was 75%. It is found that the effect of calcia and magnesia on the wear resistance of ceramic balls is contrast to the accepted one： the wear rate of the ceramic balls prepared in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system is the lowest and the wear rate of the ceramic balls prepared in MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 is the highest. The main crystal phase of the ceramic ball is mullite and corundum. The ceramic ball granular is uniform and fine with 4-5 μm average size. The pore diameter is about 2 μm. The wear way of the ceramic balls is mainly transcrystalline fracture.

Hydrogen production at intermediate temperatures with proton conducting ceramic cells:Electrocatalytic activity,durability and energy efficiency

Proton conducting ceramic cells(PCCs)are an attractive emerging technology operating in the intermediate temperature range of 500 to 700℃.In this work,we evaluate the production of hydrogen at intermediate temperatures by proton conducting ceramic cell electrolysis(PCCEL).We demonstrate a highperformance steam electrolysis owing to a composite positrode based on BaGd_(0.8)La_(0.2)Co_(2)O_(6-δ)(BGLC1082)and BaZr0.5Ce0.4Y0.1O3-δ(BZCY541).The high reliability of PCCEL is demonstrated for 1680 h at a current density as high as-0.8 A cm^(-2)close to the thermoneutral cell voltage at 600℃.The electrolysis cell showed a specific energy consumption ranging from 54 to 66 kW h kg^(-1)that is comparable to state-of-the-art low temperature electrolysis technologies,while showing hydrogen production rates systematically higher than commercial solid oxide ceramic cells(SOCs).Compared to SOCs,the results verified the higher performances of PCCs at the relevant operating temperatures,due to the lower activation energy for proton transfer comparing with oxygen ion conduction.However,because of the p-type electronic conduction in protonic ceramics,the energy conversion rate of PCCs is relatively lower in steam electrolysis.The faradaic efficiency of the PCC in electrolysis mode can be increased at lower operating temperatures and in endothermic conditions,making PCCEL a technology of choice to valorize high temperature waste heat from industrial processes into hydrogen.To increase the faradaic efficiency by optimizing the materials,the cell design,or the operating strategy is a key challenge to address for future developments of PCCEL in order to achieve even more superior techno-economic merits.

PRODUCTION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS FOR HIGH-QUALITY METAL POWDERS AND SPRAYFORMED PRODUCTS

Metal powders of superlative quality, i.e. high cleanliness, rapidly solidified and spherical shape, have seen an increasing demand in the market. The leading technology for the production of such powders is the inert gas atomization of metal alloy melts. To fulfill these requirements, the metal alloy is usually produced in a vacuum induction melting furnace (VI-GA = vacuum induction melting/gas atomization) and poured by means of a preheated tundish system into a gas nozzle where the metal stream is disintegrated by a high kinetic energy inert gas jet. The produced micro-droplets solidify in a free fall inside the atomization tower. For special applications, super-clean and ceramic-free metal powders can be produced by using the EIGA (electrode induction melting/gas atomization) melting- and atomizing system. As an alternative to the metal powder route, the sprayforming technology allows to produce semi-finished products in one step. In this case, the metal droplets produced by the high-energy inert gas nozzle system are directly solidified on a substrate, allowing to form billets, rolls and tubes.

An investigation on bonding interface microstructure of ceramic coating prepared on AZ91D by evaporated pattern casting technique

PbO-ZnO-Na20 ceramic coating was fabricated on the AZ91D Mg-alloy substrate surface by using of evaporated pattern casting （EPC） process. The ceramic coating was characterized through scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDS） and so on. The research was emphasized on the formation process of ceramic coating and the interface bonding conditions between ceramic coating and the substrate. Results show that the glass powder （PbO-ZnO-NazO） melts when contacts with the high temperature liquid metal, and solidifies on the surface of the substrate with the decrease of temperature. Therefore, the ceramic coating was successfully prepared with the formation of the bonding interface with the substrate, Beside the influence of coating layer thickness, the vacuum level was also investigated. Further analysis indicates that oxide inclusions and decomposition products of foam pattern had a significant effect on the bonding interface： To obtain a good bonding interface between the ceramic coating and the substrate, the metal liquid oxidation and inclusions must be decreased and the decomposition products of foam pattern should be exhausted from the EPC coating completely.

Elaboration of Ceramic Pot Filter from Kaolinite (Cameroon Clay) for the Elimination of Suspended Particles from Domestic Drinking Water

The objective of this work was to elaborate ceramic water filters from Kaolinite (Cameroon) clay for the elimination of suspended particles from domestic drinking water. In Sub-Sahara Africa and in Cameroon in particular health issues have been linked to the consummation of domestic tap water of high turbidity values both in the rural and urban areas. In order to remedy these problems, ceramic water pot filters have been elaborated in a pilot scale unit with aim of putting in place a unit production. The chemical composition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of the raw materials (clay and rice husks) was determined. The crystal phases and scanning electron microscope of Wack clay was also determined. The ceramic pot filter membranes were fabricated from the formulations 70/20/10 of clay/porogen/chamotte respectively with the particle size of the raw material less than or equal to 500 μm. The formulated ceramic pot filters were then sintered at 900˚C in a furnace. These ceramic pot filters were characterized by determining their porosity, withdrawal percentages, water permeability, mechanical and chemical resistance. The study of the efficiency consisted in evaluating the retention rate and permeate flux with respect to time (days) with synthetic water suspensions of turbidity 100 NTU and particle size of 2 μm. The ceramic pot filters were made aiming at studying the efficiency after physical defouling of filters. Physical defouling consisted in brushing the inner surface of the ceramic pot filters with water and drying them at ambient temperature after being used for 11 days and reusing them under the same initial conditions. The produced ceramic pot filter had a volume of 4 L, an average porosity of 36.15%, shrinkage in mass or withdrawal percentage of 18.23%, a water permeability of 59.6 × 103 L∙h−2∙m−2, mechanical resistance of 6.8 MPa and corrosion resistance of 1.6% in acidic medium and 0.8% in alkaline medium. The evaluation of the retention efficiency reveals that the retention rate of 99.9% was obtained from the 9th day of filtration reducing the turbidity value from 100 NTU to less than 0.1 NTU. From the filtration test carried out during the 11 consecutive days, the flow rate varied between 1.46 L∙h−1 to 2.63 L∙h−1. Similar results of retention and flow rate were obtained after physical defouling of the ceramic pot filter membranes and re-using for 11 consecutive days, showing the efficiency of the ceramic pot filter membranes in eliminating suspended particles from drinking water. Cost evaluation for the production unit reveals a total cost of production for 50 ceramic pot filters of 1593.6 USD consisting of fixed assets and variable assets. An estimated selling price of 3.3 USD was obtained which is affordable for both the urban and rural population in Cameroon and in sub-Saharan Africa.

Elaboration of Ceramic Pot Filter from Kaolinite (Cameroon Clay) for the Elimination of Suspended Particles from Domestic Drinking Water

The objective of this work was to elaborate ceramic water filters from Kaolinite (Cameroon) clay for the elimination of suspended particles from domestic drinking water. In Sub-Sahara Africa and in Cameroon in particular health issues have been linked to the consummation of domestic tap water of high turbidity values both in the rural and urban areas. In order to remedy these problems, ceramic water pot filters have been elaborated in a pilot scale unit with aim of putting in place a unit production. The chemical composition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of the raw materials (clay and rice husks) was determined. The crystal phases and scanning electron microscope of Wack clay was also determined. The ceramic pot filter membranes were fabricated from the formulations 70/20/10 of clay/porogen/chamotte respectively with the particle size of the raw material less than or equal to 500 μm. The formulated ceramic pot filters were then sintered at 900˚C in a furnace. These ceramic pot filters were characterized by determining their porosity, withdrawal percentages, water permeability, mechanical and chemical resistance. The study of the efficiency consisted in evaluating the retention rate and permeate flux with respect to time (days) with synthetic water suspensions of turbidity 100 NTU and particle size of 2 μm. The ceramic pot filters were made aiming at studying the efficiency after physical defouling of filters. Physical defouling consisted in brushing the inner surface of the ceramic pot filters with water and drying them at ambient temperature after being used for 11 days and reusing them under the same initial conditions. The produced ceramic pot filter had a volume of 4 L, an average porosity of 36.15%, shrinkage in mass or withdrawal percentage of 18.23%, a water permeability of 59.6 × 103 L∙h−2∙m−2, mechanical resistance of 6.8 MPa and corrosion resistance of 1.6% in acidic medium and 0.8% in alkaline medium. The evaluation of the retention efficiency reveals that the retention rate of 99.9% was obtained from the 9th day of filtration reducing the turbidity value from 100 NTU to less than 0.1 NTU. From the filtration test carried out during the 11 consecutive days, the flow rate varied between 1.46 L∙h−1 to 2.63 L∙h−1. Similar results of retention and flow rate were obtained after physical defouling of the ceramic pot filter membranes and re-using for 11 consecutive days, showing the efficiency of the ceramic pot filter membranes in eliminating suspended particles from drinking water. Cost evaluation for the production unit reveals a total cost of production for 50 ceramic pot filters of 1593.6 USD consisting of fixed assets and variable assets. An estimated selling price of 3.3 USD was obtained which is affordable for both the urban and rural population in Cameroon and in sub-Saharan Africa.

Removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products precursors in a hybrid process combining ozonation with ceramic membrane ultrafiltration

The performance of an integrated process including coagulation, ozonation, ceramic ultrafiltration （UF） and biologic activated carbon （BAC） filtration was investigated for the removal of organic matter and disinfection by-products （DBPs） precursors from micropolluted surface water. A pilot scale plant with the capacity of 120 m3 per day was set up and operated for the treatment of drinking water. Ceramic membranes were used with the filtration area of 50 m2 and a pore size of 60 nm. Dissolved organic matter was divided into five fractions including hydrophobic acid （HoA）, base （HOB） and neutral （HoN）, weakly hydrophobic acid （WHOA） and hydrophilic matter （HIM） by DAX-8 and XAD-4 resins. The experiment results showed that the removal of organic matter was significantly improved with ozonation in advance. In sum, the integrated process removed 73% of dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, 87% of UV254, 77% of trihalomethane （THMs） precursors, 76% of haloacetic acid （HAAs） precursors, 83%of trichloracetic aldehyde （CH） precursor, 77% of dichloroaeetonitrile （DCAN） precursor, 51% of trichloroacetonitrile （TCAN） precursor, 96% of 1,1,1- trichloroacetone （TCP） precursor and 63% of trichloroni- tromethane （TCNM） precursor. Hydrophobic organic matter was converted into hydrophilic organic matter during ozonation/UF, while the organic matter with molecular weight of 1000-3000 Da was remarkably decreased and converted into lower molecular weight organic matter ranged from 200-500 Da. DOC had a close linear relationship with the formation potential of DBPs.

Hydrogen production from methane and carbon dioxide mixture using all-solid-state electrochemical cell based on a proton-conducting membrane and redox-robust composite electrodes

In recent years, interest in hydrogen as a fuel has sharply increased in the field of alternative and green energy due to its high energy capability and zero-emission behaviour. As a result, research in the development of new highly efficient methods for producing high-purity hydrogen is relevant. This paper presents, for the first time, the test results of an electrochemical cell with a proton-conducting La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)ScO_(3-δ) electrolyte and symmetrical Sr_(1.95)Fe_(1.4)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)+ La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Sc_(0.9)Co_(0.1)O_(3-δ) electrodes as a hybrid setup for electricity generation in proton ceramic fuel cell mode, for hydrogen separation from H_(2)+ Ar mixture and the production of high-purity hydrogen from methane with simultaneous CO_(2) utilization.It was found that this electrochemical cell generates high flow rates of hydrogen during its separation through a proton-conducting membrane from H_(2)+ Ar mixture, about 500 cm^(3)h^(-1)cm^(-2)at a current density of 0.6 A cm^(-2)as well as about 370 cm^(3) h^(-1)cm^(-2)at a current density of 0.5 A cm^(-2) from CH_(4)+ CO_(2) mixture at 800 ℃ which shows that these cells are promising for hydrogen production.

浅析文创产品设计中汉字文化与优秀传统陶瓷文化相结合的正协同效应

本文探讨了汉字文化和陶瓷文化在文创产品设计中的结合。汉字和陶瓷都是中华文明的重要组成部分,具有深厚的历史渊源。文创产品设计是依靠创意人的智慧和技能,将文化资源进行创造和提升,以知识产权的形式开发高附加值产品。中国文创产品设计近年来发展迅速,但也存在一些问题,如缺乏创新、文化内涵不足等。通过研究汉字文化和传统陶瓷文化在文创产品设计中的结合,可以挖掘其独特的魅力和美学价值,推动中国文创产业的持续发展。

绿色设计理念在日用陶瓷产品包装中的应用与发展趋势

在全球环保意识增强的背景下,绿色设计理念在日用陶瓷包装中受到关注。绿色设计能有效降低环境影响,提高资源效率,满足消费者对环保产品的需求。随着技术和环保意识的提升,绿色设计在日用陶瓷包装中的应用将更广泛,呈现智能化、可持续性和个性化趋势。企业和设计师需加强合作创新,实现经济、环境和社会效益的和谐统一,以推动绿色设计的广泛应用。

陶泥3D打印技术在陶瓷产品设计中的运用分析

陶泥3D打印技术是一种创新的陶瓷制品制作方法,它基于挤出成型原理,通过打印机精确控制陶泥材料的挤出和堆积,实现三维物体的构建。该技术提高了制作效率和精度,赋予设计师更大的自由度,同时减少了材料浪费。然而,它在三维建模、材料与工艺控制方面存在挑战,如模型稳定性、支撑结构设计、材料含水率控制等。在设计过程中,需要注意壁厚、支撑结构和底部处理等问题,以确保打印质量和产品的艺术性。

陶瓷应用于中国典型酿造食品中的研究进展

随着陶瓷材料工艺技术不断发展,探索扩大陶瓷在酿造食品中的应用成为新的研究课题。文章介绍了陶瓷的制备以及陶瓷种类,详细阐述了陶瓷应用于酒类、调味品及腌渍品中的研究进展,重点分析了陶瓷对这些典型酿造食品品质影响的可能机制,并总结了陶瓷在酿造食品应用目前面临的挑战。

A comprehensive review of extrusion-based additive manufacturing processes for rapid production of metallic and ceramic parts

The extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EAM) technique is recently being employed for rapid production of metals and ceramic components. This technique involves extruding the metal or ceramic material in solid powder form mixed with a binder (i.e., an expendable viscous fluid), which is removed from the part after 3D printing. These technologies rely on the large design freedom allowed and the cost efficiency advantage over alternative metal additive manufacturing processes that are based on high energy beams, such as laser or electron beams. The EAM of metals and ceramics is not yet widespread, but published scientific and technical literature on it is rapidly growing. However, this literature is still less extensive than that on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) of plastics or the selective laser melting (SLM) of metals. This paper aims at filling this gap. FDM and powder injection molding are identified as preceding or enabling technologies for EAM. This paper systematically reviews all aspects of the feedstock EAM processes used for production of complex-shaped parts. The unique characteristics and advantages of these processes are also discussed with respect to materials and process steps. In addition, the key process parameters are explained to illustrate the suitability of the EAM process for diverse application domains.

气藏型低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备与性能研究

在开采煤层气、页岩气等气藏资源过程中,陶粒支撑剂的产品性能尤为关键,合成密度小、强度高的支撑剂是实现气藏高产率的重要指标。本文在传统矾土系陶粒支撑剂的基础上,添加煤矸石(RCG)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和白云石(DOL)进行固相烧结,借助以上造孔剂多温区的热解作用以及高温液相快速填充机制改善支撑剂的基体孔隙分布特征,降低支撑剂的结构密度并提升基体强度。当掺入质量分数为15%RCG+1%CMC+1%DOL添加剂时,支撑剂表现出最佳的综合性能并满足气藏资源开采的参数要求。

发泡陶瓷建筑装饰构件

发泡陶瓷主要利用陶瓷抛光废渣、矿山尾矿进行再生产,有效解决了固体废弃物处理难题,实现了资源再利用,具有良好的经济环保效益。论文研究了发泡陶瓷建筑装饰构件,在掌握工程概况的基础上,分析了发泡陶瓷构件的生产工艺,力求探索更好的生产方案,同时,从图纸解析、施工准备、关键工序、质量控制、进度控制等方面出发,分析发泡陶瓷建筑装饰构件安装施工技术,将生产与施工有效结合,减少施工质量隐患。

现代陶瓷文创产品设计及影响研究

在文化自信和文化强国的背景下,我国文化创意产业快速发展,催生具有特色元素文创产品的设计需求,现代陶瓷文创产品应运而生。传统文化是前辈先者的结晶智慧,蕴含着巨量的人文思想,是现代陶瓷文创产品设计源源不竭的珍贵宝藏。本文对现代陶瓷文创产品设计及影响问题展开研究,提出现代陶瓷文创产品应遵循具有文化元素、审美表达和品牌价值的设计理念,采取“视觉形象-抽象外化-意境传达”递进式的设计表现方式,以实现对传统文化的传承与创新目的,促进陶瓷产业升级和品牌价值塑造的影响。

“景德镇模式”与陶瓷艺术

笔者通过分析“景德镇模式”的发展历程以及景德镇的陶瓷艺术如何得以形成且发展,发现二者之间具有密不可分的关系。而本文旨在揭示“景德镇模式”如何推动了陶瓷艺术的繁荣与创新,陶瓷艺术又如何给“景德镇模式”带来生机和活力。