1-D and 2-D mathematical models for dam break flow were established and verified with the measured data in laboratory. The 1-D and 2-D models were then coupled, and used to simulate the dam break flow from the reservo...1-D and 2-D mathematical models for dam break flow were established and verified with the measured data in laboratory. The 1-D and 2-D models were then coupled, and used to simulate the dam break flow from the reservoir tail to the dam site, the propagation of dam break waves in the downstream channel, and the submergence of dam break flow in the downstream town with the hydrodynamics method. As a numerical example, the presented model was employed to simulate dam break flow of a hydropower station under construction. In simulation, different dam-break durations, upstream flows and water levels in front of dam were considered, and these influencing factors of dam break flow were analyzed, which could be referenced in planning and designing hydropower stations.展开更多
A two-dimensional (2D) dam-break flow numerical model was developed based on the finite-volume total variation diminishing (TVD) and monotone upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL)-Hancock scheme...A two-dimensional (2D) dam-break flow numerical model was developed based on the finite-volume total variation diminishing (TVD) and monotone upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL)-Hancock scheme, which has second-order accuracy in both time and space. A Harten-Lax-van Leer-contact (HLLC) approximate Riemann solver was used to evaluate fluxes. The TVD MUSCL-Hancock numerical scheme utilizes slope limiters, such as the minmod, double minmod, superbee, van Albada, and van Leer limiters, to prevent spurious oscillations and maintain monotonicity near discontinuities. A comparative study of the impact of various slope limiters on the accuracy of the numerical flow model was conducted with several dam-break examples including wet and dry bed cases. The numerical results of the superbee and double minmod limiters agree better with the theoretical solution and have higher accuracy than other limiters in one-dimensional (1D) space. The ratio of the downstream water depth to the upstream water depth was used to select the proper slope limiter. For the 2D numerical model, the superbee limiter should not be used, owing to significant numerical dispersion.展开更多
The three-dimensionality extent of the dam break flow over a vertical wall is investigated numerically and experimentally in this paper. The numerical method is based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equatio...The three-dimensionality extent of the dam break flow over a vertical wall is investigated numerically and experimentally in this paper. The numerical method is based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equation that describes the three-dimensional incompressible turbulent flow. The free surface is captured by using the unstructured multi-dimensional interface capturing(UMTHINC) scheme. The equations are discretized on 2-D and 3-D unstructured grids using finite volume method. The numerical simulations are compared with newly conducted experiment with emphasis on the effect of three-dimensionality on both free surface and impact pressure. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results shows good agreement. Furthermore, the results also show that 3-D motion of the flow originates at the moment of impact at the lower corners of the impact wall and propagates to the inner region as time advances. The origin of the three-dimensionality is found to be the turbulence development as well as the relative velocity between the side wall region and the inner region of the wave front at the moment of impact.展开更多
溃坝流是水利工程中常见的一种自由表面流动问题,准确模拟溃坝流问题具有重要的工程意义.B样条物质点法(BSMPM)作为一种物质点法(material point method, MPM)的改进算法,其提高了物质点的计算精度和收敛性,且在自由表面流动问题中有独...溃坝流是水利工程中常见的一种自由表面流动问题,准确模拟溃坝流问题具有重要的工程意义.B样条物质点法(BSMPM)作为一种物质点法(material point method, MPM)的改进算法,其提高了物质点的计算精度和收敛性,且在自由表面流动问题中有独特的算法优势.基于B样条物质点法,通过引入人工状态方程,发展了一种弱可压缩B样条物质点法(WC-BSMPM);开展溃坝流问题的模拟研究,分析B样条插值基函数阶数对模拟结果的影响.结果表明:模拟所得流体波前位置、波前流速及给定位置处的高程变化与已有实验结果吻合较好;同时,随着B样条基函数阶数的增加,模拟结果与试验结果吻合度逐渐提高.随着基函数阶数的增加,计算耗时呈约1.5倍增长;不同阶次B样条物质点法的计算耗时随背景网格尺寸的增长率基本一致,约呈线性增长.验证了弱可压缩B样条物质点法模拟溃坝流问题的有效性,为模拟溃坝流问题提供了一种新的思路和方法.展开更多
Dam break can cause a significant disaster in the downstream, especially, in a valley with cascade reservoirs, which would aggravate the disaster extent. The experimental studies of the dam-break flow of cascade reser...Dam break can cause a significant disaster in the downstream, especially, in a valley with cascade reservoirs, which would aggravate the disaster extent. The experimental studies of the dam-break flow of cascade reservoirs are few and far between at the present, Most of related studies concern the failure of a single dam.. This article presents an experimental study of the characteristics of an instantly filled dam-break flow of cascade reservoirs in a rectangular glass flume with a steep bottom slope. A new method was used to simulate the sudden collapse of the dam. A series of sensors for automatic water-levels were deployed to record the rapid water depth fluctuation. The experimental results show that, the ratio of the initial water depth of the downstream reservoir to that of the upstream reservoir would greatly affect the flood peak water depth in the downstream reservoir area and in the stream channel behind the downstream dam, while the influence of the dam spacing is insignificant. In addition, the comparison between the single reservoir and the cascade reservoirs shows some difference in the dam-break flow pattern and the stage hydrograph at the corresponding gauging points.展开更多
A finite-volume Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme is presented formodeling dam-break flows in open channels. This method is used for solving the 2D shallow waterequations on arbitrary quadrilateral meshes, base...A finite-volume Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme is presented formodeling dam-break flows in open channels. This method is used for solving the 2D shallow waterequations on arbitrary quadrilateral meshes, based upon a second-order hybrid TVD scheme with anoptimum-selected limiter in the space discretization and a two-step Runge-Kutta approach in the timediscretization. Verification for a circular dam-break problem is carried out by comparing thepresent results with others and very good agreement is shown. The present algorithm is then used topredict dam-break flow characteristics in open channels such as in furcated channels. Morecomplicated unsteady flow characteristics in these furcated channels than in the regular channelsstudied previously can observed in this work.展开更多
Two-dimensional transient dam-break flows in a river with bends were theoretically studied. The river was modeled as a curved channel with a constant width and a flat bottom. The water was assumed to be an incompressi...Two-dimensional transient dam-break flows in a river with bends were theoretically studied. The river was modeled as a curved channel with a constant width and a flat bottom. The water was assumed to be an incompressible and homogeneous fluid. A channel-fitted orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system was established and the corresponding two-dimensional shallow-water equations were derived for this system. The governing equations with well-posed initial and boundary conditions were numerically solved in a rectangular domain by use of the Godunov-type finite-difference scheme, which can capture the hydraulic jump of dam-break flows. The comparison between the obtained numerical results and the experimental data of Miller and Chaudry in a semicircle channel shows the validity of the present numerical scheme. The mathematical model and the numerical method were applied to the dam-break flows in channels with various curvatures. Based on the numerical results, the influence of river curvatures on the dam-break flows was analyzed in details.展开更多
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program, Grant No. 2003CB415203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50579054).
文摘1-D and 2-D mathematical models for dam break flow were established and verified with the measured data in laboratory. The 1-D and 2-D models were then coupled, and used to simulate the dam break flow from the reservoir tail to the dam site, the propagation of dam break waves in the downstream channel, and the submergence of dam break flow in the downstream town with the hydrodynamics method. As a numerical example, the presented model was employed to simulate dam break flow of a hydropower station under construction. In simulation, different dam-break durations, upstream flows and water levels in front of dam were considered, and these influencing factors of dam break flow were analyzed, which could be referenced in planning and designing hydropower stations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51679170,51379157,and 51439007)
文摘A two-dimensional (2D) dam-break flow numerical model was developed based on the finite-volume total variation diminishing (TVD) and monotone upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL)-Hancock scheme, which has second-order accuracy in both time and space. A Harten-Lax-van Leer-contact (HLLC) approximate Riemann solver was used to evaluate fluxes. The TVD MUSCL-Hancock numerical scheme utilizes slope limiters, such as the minmod, double minmod, superbee, van Albada, and van Leer limiters, to prevent spurious oscillations and maintain monotonicity near discontinuities. A comparative study of the impact of various slope limiters on the accuracy of the numerical flow model was conducted with several dam-break examples including wet and dry bed cases. The numerical results of the superbee and double minmod limiters agree better with the theoretical solution and have higher accuracy than other limiters in one-dimensional (1D) space. The ratio of the downstream water depth to the upstream water depth was used to select the proper slope limiter. For the 2D numerical model, the superbee limiter should not be used, owing to significant numerical dispersion.
文摘The three-dimensionality extent of the dam break flow over a vertical wall is investigated numerically and experimentally in this paper. The numerical method is based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equation that describes the three-dimensional incompressible turbulent flow. The free surface is captured by using the unstructured multi-dimensional interface capturing(UMTHINC) scheme. The equations are discretized on 2-D and 3-D unstructured grids using finite volume method. The numerical simulations are compared with newly conducted experiment with emphasis on the effect of three-dimensionality on both free surface and impact pressure. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results shows good agreement. Furthermore, the results also show that 3-D motion of the flow originates at the moment of impact at the lower corners of the impact wall and propagates to the inner region as time advances. The origin of the three-dimensionality is found to be the turbulence development as well as the relative velocity between the side wall region and the inner region of the wave front at the moment of impact.
文摘溃坝流是水利工程中常见的一种自由表面流动问题,准确模拟溃坝流问题具有重要的工程意义.B样条物质点法(BSMPM)作为一种物质点法(material point method, MPM)的改进算法,其提高了物质点的计算精度和收敛性,且在自由表面流动问题中有独特的算法优势.基于B样条物质点法,通过引入人工状态方程,发展了一种弱可压缩B样条物质点法(WC-BSMPM);开展溃坝流问题的模拟研究,分析B样条插值基函数阶数对模拟结果的影响.结果表明:模拟所得流体波前位置、波前流速及给定位置处的高程变化与已有实验结果吻合较好;同时,随着B样条基函数阶数的增加,模拟结果与试验结果吻合度逐渐提高.随着基函数阶数的增加,计算耗时呈约1.5倍增长;不同阶次B样条物质点法的计算耗时随背景网格尺寸的增长率基本一致,约呈线性增长.验证了弱可压缩B样条物质点法模拟溃坝流问题的有效性,为模拟溃坝流问题提供了一种新的思路和方法.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2007CB714105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50909067)
文摘Dam break can cause a significant disaster in the downstream, especially, in a valley with cascade reservoirs, which would aggravate the disaster extent. The experimental studies of the dam-break flow of cascade reservoirs are few and far between at the present, Most of related studies concern the failure of a single dam.. This article presents an experimental study of the characteristics of an instantly filled dam-break flow of cascade reservoirs in a rectangular glass flume with a steep bottom slope. A new method was used to simulate the sudden collapse of the dam. A series of sensors for automatic water-levels were deployed to record the rapid water depth fluctuation. The experimental results show that, the ratio of the initial water depth of the downstream reservoir to that of the upstream reservoir would greatly affect the flood peak water depth in the downstream reservoir area and in the stream channel behind the downstream dam, while the influence of the dam spacing is insignificant. In addition, the comparison between the single reservoir and the cascade reservoirs shows some difference in the dam-break flow pattern and the stage hydrograph at the corresponding gauging points.
文摘A finite-volume Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme is presented formodeling dam-break flows in open channels. This method is used for solving the 2D shallow waterequations on arbitrary quadrilateral meshes, based upon a second-order hybrid TVD scheme with anoptimum-selected limiter in the space discretization and a two-step Runge-Kutta approach in the timediscretization. Verification for a circular dam-break problem is carried out by comparing thepresent results with others and very good agreement is shown. The present algorithm is then used topredict dam-break flow characteristics in open channels such as in furcated channels. Morecomplicated unsteady flow characteristics in these furcated channels than in the regular channelsstudied previously can observed in this work.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40776045)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. Y0103)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2007CB714101).
文摘Two-dimensional transient dam-break flows in a river with bends were theoretically studied. The river was modeled as a curved channel with a constant width and a flat bottom. The water was assumed to be an incompressible and homogeneous fluid. A channel-fitted orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system was established and the corresponding two-dimensional shallow-water equations were derived for this system. The governing equations with well-posed initial and boundary conditions were numerically solved in a rectangular domain by use of the Godunov-type finite-difference scheme, which can capture the hydraulic jump of dam-break flows. The comparison between the obtained numerical results and the experimental data of Miller and Chaudry in a semicircle channel shows the validity of the present numerical scheme. The mathematical model and the numerical method were applied to the dam-break flows in channels with various curvatures. Based on the numerical results, the influence of river curvatures on the dam-break flows was analyzed in details.