In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-A...In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, too.The changes expand the compensation of mining damages, especially to the extraction with drilling from the surface and underground storage.Although the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, the area of main influence(subsidence of 10 cm)remains to determine a relevant boundary for mining damages.The determination and prediction of this boundary above caverns are presented in this paper.In addition, further elements of ground movements and their relevance to mine damages are analyzed.The usage of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages does not correspond to the relevant elements of ground movements.A limit for differences in subsidence(tilt) or horizontal changes in length should be preferred to describe the relevance of mining damages on buildings.Furthermore, this paper outlines the meaning of using the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages.展开更多
Over 600 longwall panels have been mined in Pennsylvania in the last 50 years. Of those 600 panels, 25 panels undermined interstates highways. Despite this quantity of panels, much is still unknown regarded the detail...Over 600 longwall panels have been mined in Pennsylvania in the last 50 years. Of those 600 panels, 25 panels undermined interstates highways. Despite this quantity of panels, much is still unknown regarded the detailed effects of undermining highways. The Gateway Mine, the Emerald Mine, and the Cumberland Mine undermined I-79 with 17 panels in 1982–1989 and in 2003–2008, respectively;Mine 84 undermined I-70 with 4 panels in 1987–2000. Through the examination of the panels that undermined I-70 and I-79, it is possible to determine which factors have most impacted the highway alignments. In some locations, the highway intersects with panels at angles ranging from 45° to 80°;and at the others, it runs between two panels, which simulates the effect of gateroads on the subsidence. The panel width to overburden ratio varies between 0.64 and 1.7, meaning that the interstates were influenced by both subcritical and supercritical subsidence basins. The face advance rates and overburden depths also vary between the panels. Unfortunately, specific information detailing highway impacts associated with unique characteristics of the subsidence basins are limited. In this paper, using the profile function model and influence function model within the surface deformation prediction system(SDPS), the effects of overburden,panel size, and orientation of the road on the highway can be indirectly assessed.展开更多
Surface displacement caused by underground coal mining is influenced by many factors such as the depth and thickness of the coal seam and joints in overburben rocks. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the ground s...Surface displacement caused by underground coal mining is influenced by many factors such as the depth and thickness of the coal seam and joints in overburben rocks. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the ground surface displacement. Nevertheless, the joints have not been taken into consideration for a long time. In fact, there exist numerous joints and cracks in rocks.As a result, the joints in overburden rocks have to be taken into account. The joints in rocks can be treated as initial damage theoretically. In this paper, two kinds of physical model, one containing no initial joints and anotber containing some initial joints, are employed to systematically investigate effecs of initial joints on surface subsidence. Moreover, within the framework of damage mechanics, the statistical relationships between the characteristic value for surface displacement and damage variable are obtained.展开更多
The mine subsidence and ground movement is a complicated mechanical phenomenon. Based on the rock mass being a part of the geologic body suffering deformation and failure, whereas mine subsidence is a phenomenon of ro...The mine subsidence and ground movement is a complicated mechanical phenomenon. Based on the rock mass being a part of the geologic body suffering deformation and failure, whereas mine subsidence is a phenomenon of rock mass redeformation and refailure, the damage mechanics model for predicting metallic mine subsidence and a planar finite element program considering the damage are proposed; The organizations and rules of metallic mine subsidence are studied. The numerical results agree nicely with the observed data.展开更多
文摘In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, too.The changes expand the compensation of mining damages, especially to the extraction with drilling from the surface and underground storage.Although the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, the area of main influence(subsidence of 10 cm)remains to determine a relevant boundary for mining damages.The determination and prediction of this boundary above caverns are presented in this paper.In addition, further elements of ground movements and their relevance to mine damages are analyzed.The usage of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages does not correspond to the relevant elements of ground movements.A limit for differences in subsidence(tilt) or horizontal changes in length should be preferred to describe the relevance of mining damages on buildings.Furthermore, this paper outlines the meaning of using the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages.
文摘Over 600 longwall panels have been mined in Pennsylvania in the last 50 years. Of those 600 panels, 25 panels undermined interstates highways. Despite this quantity of panels, much is still unknown regarded the detailed effects of undermining highways. The Gateway Mine, the Emerald Mine, and the Cumberland Mine undermined I-79 with 17 panels in 1982–1989 and in 2003–2008, respectively;Mine 84 undermined I-70 with 4 panels in 1987–2000. Through the examination of the panels that undermined I-70 and I-79, it is possible to determine which factors have most impacted the highway alignments. In some locations, the highway intersects with panels at angles ranging from 45° to 80°;and at the others, it runs between two panels, which simulates the effect of gateroads on the subsidence. The panel width to overburden ratio varies between 0.64 and 1.7, meaning that the interstates were influenced by both subcritical and supercritical subsidence basins. The face advance rates and overburden depths also vary between the panels. Unfortunately, specific information detailing highway impacts associated with unique characteristics of the subsidence basins are limited. In this paper, using the profile function model and influence function model within the surface deformation prediction system(SDPS), the effects of overburden,panel size, and orientation of the road on the highway can be indirectly assessed.
文摘Surface displacement caused by underground coal mining is influenced by many factors such as the depth and thickness of the coal seam and joints in overburben rocks. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the ground surface displacement. Nevertheless, the joints have not been taken into consideration for a long time. In fact, there exist numerous joints and cracks in rocks.As a result, the joints in overburden rocks have to be taken into account. The joints in rocks can be treated as initial damage theoretically. In this paper, two kinds of physical model, one containing no initial joints and anotber containing some initial joints, are employed to systematically investigate effecs of initial joints on surface subsidence. Moreover, within the framework of damage mechanics, the statistical relationships between the characteristic value for surface displacement and damage variable are obtained.
基金The project was supported by the special funds for doctoral students of China Natiional Education Committee
文摘The mine subsidence and ground movement is a complicated mechanical phenomenon. Based on the rock mass being a part of the geologic body suffering deformation and failure, whereas mine subsidence is a phenomenon of rock mass redeformation and refailure, the damage mechanics model for predicting metallic mine subsidence and a planar finite element program considering the damage are proposed; The organizations and rules of metallic mine subsidence are studied. The numerical results agree nicely with the observed data.
