Mass-Spring-Damper Model with Steady State Parameters for Predicting the Movement of Liquid Column and Temperature Oscillation in Loop Heat Pipe

In order to investigate the mechanism of the temperature oscillation in loop heat pipes,this paper investigated the movement of the phase interface as the changed input power by a mass-spring-damper model.The model was solved with MATLAB and was used to explain the high-frequency and low-amplitude temperature oscillation.Temperature variation with the input power from 20 W to 75 W was investigated based on a LHP prototype in a literature.The model agreed well with the experimental data in the literature.The simulation results suggested that the movement of the liquid column was caused by the fluctuation of pressure difference applied on the liquid column and the stiffness coefficients of the vapor springs increasing with the input power.According to parameter analyses,the temperature oscillation at the outlet of the condenser can be weakened by increasing the mass of the liquid column and keeping the temperature at the outlet of the condenser steady.

Dynamics Modeling and Numerical Analysis of Rotor with Elastic Support/Dry Friction Dampers

The elastic support/dry friction damper is a type of damper which is used for active vibration control in a rotor system.To establish the analytical model of this type of damper,a two-dimensional friction model-ball/plate model was proposed.By using this ball/plate model,a dynamics model of rotor with elastic support/dry friction dampers was established and experimentally verified.Moreover,the damping performance of the elastic support/dry friction damper was studied numerically with respect to some variable parameters.The numerical study shows that the damping performance of the elastic support/dry friction damper is closely related to the stiffness distribution of the rotor-support system,the damper location,the pressing force between the moving and stationary disk,the friction coefficient,the tangential contact stiffness of the contact interface,and the stiffness of the stationary disk.In general,the damper should be located on an elastic support which has a large vibration amplitude in order to achieve a better damping performance,and the more vibration energy in this elastic support concentrates,the better performance of the damper will be.The larger the tangential contact stiffness of the contact interface,and the stiffness of the stationary disk are,the better performance of the damper will be.There will be an optimal value of the friction force at which the damper performs best.

MODELLING OF A NEW TYPE MR DAMPER

Applying the rule of laminar flow in the gap between two parallel disks, thetheoretical model of a new type MR damper is established, the damping characteristic and structuralcharacteristic of the MR damper are analyzed. Experimental results show that the model can reflectthe fundamental characteristics of the disk-gap MR damper.

Study on Theoretical Modeling of Semi-Active Electro-Rheological Fluid Damper

This paper emphases on analyzing and investigating the mechanical behavior of electro-rheological fluid (ERF) semi-active damper. Theoretical model was developed to describe the relationship between electric field and the resistance force of ERF flowing through two parallel plane electrodes. In the model, the pressure drop along electrodes was supposed to consist of two parts: one related with viscosity and the other related with dynamic yield shear stress. The concept of yield stress influence factor was developed in deriving the theoretical formula for calculating the pressure drop in the damper. The influences of some other factors, such as, non-ideal Newtonian fluid and temperature have also been taken into account. Numerical and experimental work have been performed to prove the validity of the proposed model. The comparison of both results shows that the developed model is quite effective and practicable .

Model Reduction Methods for High-Rise Buildings with Active Mass Damper Control Systems

To improve the performance of an active mass damper control system,the controller should be designed based on a reduced-order model. An improved method based on balanced truncation method was proposed to reduce the dimension of high-rise buildings,and was compared with other widely used reduction methods by using a framework with ten floors. This optimized method has improvement of reduction process and choice of the order. Based on the reduced-order model obtained by the improved method and pole-assignment algorithm,a controller was designed. Finally,a comparative analysis of structural responses,transfer functions,and poles was conducted on an actual high-rise building. The results show the effectiveness of the improved method.

Mechanical-Delay Dynamic Model of Magnetorheological Damper

In the dynamic characteristic experiment of magnetorheological( MR) damper, a strange feature which the improved Bouc-Wen model based on tanh function cannot accurately describe has been shown when MR damper is reversing or at a low speed. In order to describe this phenomenon,a new mechanicaldelay dynamic model based on the improved Bouc-Wen model has been proposed for MR damper. This new model comprehensively considers the coupling effect on the structural flexibility of MR damper and the MR effect of MR fluid. The identification results show that the new mechanical-delay dynamic model for MR damper has a good coherence with experiment whenever at low or high speed.

磁流变阻尼器Bingham力学模型改进及参数辨识

磁流变阻尼器不仅具有阻尼快速响应、良好的温度稳定性、内部结构简单等优势,而且可以通过调节控制电流使阻尼器的出力值连续变化,实现阻尼力可控。由于磁流变阻尼器阻尼特性与内部磁流变液的磁流变效应有关,具体表现非常复杂,现有力学模型目精度不足,无法精确描述磁流变阻尼器的阻尼特性。在磁流变阻尼器力学性能测试基础上,应用分段拟合函数方法同时结合反正切函数模型改进模型,并辨识改进后力学模型中各参数。将改进后的Bingham模型与实际测试出力值进行对比,结果表明改进后的Bingham模型能够很好地解决Bingham力学模型在非线性滞回阶段出力值曲线与实际测试数据不符的问题,改进后模型总体出力值曲线与阻尼器实际出力值基本相同,模型精度大幅提升。此种改进方法为磁流变阻尼器建立高精度力学模型提供参考。

基于TMD的车致箱梁振动控制模型试验研究

为研究调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,简称TMD)在控制轨道箱梁结构振动中的应用,以高速动车组和CRTS-Ⅱ型板式无砟轨道-箱梁结构为原型,设计制作了几何相似比为10∶1的车-轨-桥耦合振动缩尺模型系统,分析了TMD在不同质量比、不同位置以及不同安装数量等工况下对箱梁顶板和翼板的减振效果。结果表明:TMD质量比为0.02时减振效果优于质量比为0.01时的减振效果,在考虑结构安全及经济性的条件下,可优先选择质量比更大的TMD;不同TMD安装位置对箱梁各部件的减振效果不同,安装TMD的板件处振动响应得到了明显抑制;安装2个TMD对箱梁结构的减振效果优于安装1个TMD,其减振范围也有所提升。研究结论可为高架轨道箱梁结构的减振设计提供参考。

X形软钢阻尼器延性断裂的试验研究与数值模拟

为了研究X形软钢阻尼器在大变形状态下的耗能性能和损伤演化规律,设计了6组试件进行单向和循环荷载作用下延性断裂的试验研究,分析了软钢阻尼器的破坏过程和滞回曲线。采用Lemaitre-Chaboche混合强化模型,分别对各工况下包含与不包含基于应力三轴度的钢材微观损伤模型的软钢阻尼器进行了精细的有限元模拟。对比有限元模拟结果和试验结果,分析结果表明,颈部为X形耗能软钢阻尼器的薄弱位置,最容易发生集中损伤甚至破坏。考虑钢材损伤准则的有限元模拟的荷载-位移曲线与试验结果更加吻合,能够表征软钢阻尼器的承载力与刚度退化现象,并能较为准确地预测软钢阻尼器的损伤演化过程和断裂破坏位置。

基于Pushover方法的耗能自复位铰节点框架结构抗震性能分析

基于Pushover分析方法研究设置耗能自复位铰节点(EDSC-HJ)的钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能.首先介绍EDSC-HJ框架的结构形式,并建立了EDSC-HJ框架结构的有限元模型,通过与振动台试验结果对比验证数值模拟的正确性;其次使用Pushover方法计算EDSC-HJ框架有控结构与无控结构的抗震性能并设计节点弹性恢复装置和耗能装置的力学参数.结果表明:EDSC-HJ框架结构节点相对转动刚度比的合理取值区间为0.05~0.5;设置节点阻尼器的EDSC-HJ有控结构的层间位移响应下降了76%,且满足限值要求;由于节点阻尼器的设置提高了结构的附加抗侧刚度,有控结构的基底剪力响应提高了23%.EDSC-HJ框架结构的抗震性能明显优于钢筋混凝土框架(RCF)结构,具有良好的韧性结构特征.

带支撑广义Maxwell粘弹性阻尼耗能结构风振响应分析

工程中粘弹性阻尼器的安装通过支撑与结构进行连接,但在安装粘弹性阻尼器的耗能结构随机响应分析中,为了简化计算过程,将支撑的刚度看作无穷大或者忽略支撑刚度的影响。实际上,对支撑刚度的影响加以考虑更能符合工程实际。针对考虑支撑刚度影响的粘弹性阻尼耗能结构风振响应分析过程复杂的问题,提出了一种求解考虑支撑影响的广义Maxwell粘弹性阻尼耗能结构基于Davenport谱风振响应的简明解析解法。在广义Maxwell粘弹性阻尼器微分型本构模型基础上,给出了考虑支撑刚度的粘弹性阻尼器等效本构关系。将粘弹性阻尼器等效本构关系与结构运动方程联立,采用复模态法将其解耦,获得结构风振响应的统一表达式。将耗能结构在Davenport风速谱下的系列响应功率谱密度函数分解为频域响应函数与Davenport功率谱密度函数的乘积形式,基于随机振动理论中谱矩的定义,对响应功率谱密度函数积分后获得无积分项的系列响应谱矩表达式。在算例中通过与虚拟激励法计算结果对比,验证了所提解法的准确性,并分析了支撑刚度在耗能系统中的影响。

基于最小二乘法和BP神经网络的磁流变阻尼器H-B模型参数辨识方法

针对Bingham模型磁流变阻尼器由于剪切稀化效应带来的阻尼力计算误差,在理论和仿真分析的基础上,提出一种最小二乘法和BP神经网络相结合的方法,对磁流变阻尼器H-B模型进行参数辨识,获得各参数与电流的关系,从而对磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力进行准确计算。最后通过磁流变阻尼器实验对理论方法进行验证。结果表明:借助于磁流变阻尼器的仿真分析,最小二乘法和BP神经网络相结合的磁流变阻尼器H-B模型参数辨识方法精确度高、吻合性好,验证了参数辨识结果的通用性及准确性。

非堆积型多颗粒阻尼器等效力学模型及其减振性能分析

为考虑颗粒群碰撞过程中时间效应对非堆积型多颗粒阻尼器(non-packed particle damper, NPPD)减振性能的影响,在现有考虑惯容的等效单颗粒力学模型(equivalent inertia single-particle model, EISM)研究基础上,提出了基于接触单元法的等效单颗粒力学模型(equivalent inertia single-particle model based on contact element method, EISM-CE),并基于Runge-Kutta算法建立了NPPD单自由度结构运动状态求解算法。设计进行附加NPPD单层钢框架结构振动台试验,探究不同填充率对结构顶层位移频响曲线的影响规律,提出了EISM-CE参数取值原则,进而进行力学模型试验验证及模型对比分析。在模型验证合理性基础上,基于EISM-CE依次进行了自由振动、简谐激励及记录强震动下减振性能及能量变化规律分析。研究结果表明,与现有EISM相比,提出的基于接触单元法的EISM-CE模型及参数取值原则更加合理有效。减振性能数值分析结果表明,不同激励下NPPD均具有较好的减振性能;考虑碰撞时间效应后EISM-CE与EISM对应减振性能及机理分析结果存在一定的差异。

基于GA-BPNN代理模型的混合式黏滞阻尼器构造优化

采取CFD(computational fluid dynamics)数值模拟和基于代理模型的优化方法,研究混合式黏滞阻尼器在多参数设计空间内的构造参数优化问题。首先,分析黏滞阻尼器参数对力学性能的影响规律,基于正交试验理论选取间隙宽度、缸体内径、活塞厚度、阻尼孔直径为关键参数,利用优化拉丁超立方设计和CFD数值模拟获得初始样本点耗能性能指标;然后,使用遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)和反向传播神经网络(backpropagation neural network,BPNN)的方法构建代理模型,其能够准确反映构造参数耗能性能指标和构造参数之间的繁复关系。进一步地,循环更新GA-BPNN代理模型并结合非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II,NSGA-II),以最佳耗能能力为目标,实现在全设计空间内的寻优,确定在典型阻尼介质黏度下双出杆混合式黏滞阻尼器的最优构造参数。最后,探讨了构造参数对黏滞阻尼器流动性能的影响机理。研究结果表明,优化双出杆混合式黏滞阻尼器构造参数在选用基于GA-BPNN代理模型的优化方法时,可有效提高计算效率且具有较高预测精度。从性能指标提升角度,全黏度下最优构造参数阻尼孔直径、活塞厚度、缸体内径和间隙宽度分别为1.31 mm、120.78 mm、199.87 mm、0.5 mm,相较于基准构造,最大阻尼力和能量耗材比分别提升33.8%和64.8%。该方法可为黏滞阻尼器构造参数优化及相关研究提供参考。

无人机载光电平台隔振性能测试与分析

针对无人机载光电平台的安装特点,文中对平台及阻尼减振器特性进行了分析、建模与测试。首先,对光电平台阻尼减振器特性进行了介绍;其次,分析了安装阻尼减振器后的光电平台特性,并对阻尼减振器的运动特性进行建模,分析阻尼减振器安装布局与平台性能之间的关系;最后,结合具体某型光电平台及其配套阻尼减振器,给出了仿真结果及相同外部扰动条件下减振器安装位置对平台性能的测试结果。结果表明:相关研究对优化无人机载光电平台阻尼减振器布局及提升载荷整体性能具有积极的意义。

Semi-active model predictive control for 3rd generation benchmark problem using smart dampers

A semi-active strategy for model predictive control （MPC）, in which magneto-rheological dampers are used as an actuator, is presented for use in reducing the nonlinear seismic response of high-rise buildings. A multi-step predictive model is developed to estimate the seismic performance of high-rise buildings, taking into account of the effects of nonlinearity, time-variability, model mismatching, and disturbances and uncertainty of controlled system parameters by the predicted error feedback in the multi-step predictive model. Based on the predictive model, a Kalman-Bucy observer suitable for semi-active strategy is proposed to estimate the state vector from the acceleration and semi-active control force feedback. The main advantage of the proposed strategy is its inherent stability, simplicity, on-line real-time operation, and the ability to handle nonlinearity, uncertainty, and time-variability properties of structures. Numerical simulation of the nonlinear seismic responses of a controlled 20-story benchmark building is carried out, and the simulation results are compared to those of other control systems. The results show that the developed semi-active strategy can efficiently reduce the nonlinear seismic response of high-rise buildings.

风浪联合作用下分布式调谐质量阻尼器对海上半潜漂浮式风机的减振控制

海上半潜漂浮式风机在复杂深海环境下产生有害振动会威胁风机的安全性和耐久性,针对该问题并结合美国NREL的5 MW样机的漂浮平台几何结构构造,提出利用分布式调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Dampers,TMDs),即分别在漂浮平台的3根浮筒中布置TMD,形成等边三角形布置,对随机风浪联合作用下海上半潜漂浮式风机的平台纵摇振动进行控制。为了更好地描述分布式TMDs对海上半潜漂浮式风机的减振效果,基于拉格朗日方程和模态叠加法,对海上半潜漂浮式风机-TMDs耦合系统提出并建立了9自由度多体动力学模型。基于H_(∞)算法,即以平台纵摇频响函数的峰值为优化目标,对分布式TMDs的参数进行优化设计,优化设计中考虑了3个TMDs之间的耦合关系。对风机-TMDs耦合系统开展了风浪联合作用下的数值模拟,分析了分布式TMDs对平台纵摇响应的减振效果。结果表明:最优设计下的分布式TMDs对海上半潜漂浮式风机平台纵摇振动具有良好的减振性能;在三种不同工况的随机风浪荷载作用下,分布式TMDs对平台纵摇固有频率附近的功率谱密度曲线峰值减振率和标准差减振率能分别达到39%和52%以上。

大跨度桥梁超低频调谐液体质量阻尼器研发及应用

大跨度桥梁在运营过程中易发生较为明显的超低频振动问题,采用调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)进行控制时,由于箱梁内部空间有限,常规TMD在结构上无法满足要求。基于此,提出一种基于浮力和流固耦合作用的超低频调谐液体质量阻尼器(TLMD)。为研究TLMD对结构的阻尼减振效果,进行模型试验,分析安装TLMD前、后主结构加速度幅值和阻尼比;将该新型超低频TLMD在贵州龙里河大桥上进行实桥应用,测试主梁频率特性和阻尼比。模型试验及实桥应用结果表明:TLMD减振技术可实现0.283 Hz乃至更低频率的超低频阻尼减振;采取TLMD控制后,模型试验主结构的阻尼比从0.038%提高至2.2%,主结构的加速度幅值从减振前的0.41 m/s2降低至0.01 m/s2;贵州龙里河大桥超低频TLMD当采用0.31%的质量比时,主梁一阶竖弯模态实测阻尼比从0.20%提高至0.82%,阻尼比提高了3.1倍。超低频TLMD参数稳定、性能可靠,有效降低了阻尼器的安装高度,显著提升了结构阻尼比,增强了桥梁的抗风性能。

自复位转动摩擦阻尼器弯矩-转角恢复力性能研究

为了满足减震结构对可恢复功能的要求,针对传统摩擦阻尼器不具备自复位能力震后存在较大残余变形的问题,提出了一种基于形状记忆合金的自复位转动摩擦阻尼器,由摩擦耗能装置和形状记忆合金自复位装置组合而成。介绍了该SCRF(self-centering rotating friction)阻尼器的构造形式、工作原理,通过理论推导建立了SCRF阻尼器的弯矩-转角恢复力模型,通过ABAQUS软件有限元数值分析结果对弯矩-转角恢复力模型进行了验证,分析了低周往复荷载作用下SCRF阻尼器的滞回性能,并进行了参数分析。结果表明:有限元计算结果与阻尼器恢复力模型结果吻合良好;提高接触面间的摩擦因数与斜面高度可以提高阻尼器的最大承载力、耗能能力、有效刚度,但是超过一定限值的斜面高度会降低阻尼器的自复位能力;施加SMA螺栓预紧力可以提高阻尼器的摩擦启动弯矩,对于阻尼器的耗能能力与最大承载力影响不大。

人体分布式动力学模型及其参数识别

建立人体动力学模型获取人体自振频率是土木工程、机械工程、交通工程、航空航天、康复医学等许多领域的共性科学问题,以往研究最常采用的弹簧-质量块-阻尼器集中质量模型,与实际人体质量、刚度沿身高的分布式特性并不相符。本研究提出含有生物自驱力的人体分布参数动力模型,理论上推导了自振频率的表达式,并据此提出了基于步态测试技术的频率识别算法。组织了247名测试者进行步态试验,识别了每位测试者的人体刚度和自振频率,进一步研究了识别参数的概率分布特征,并通过与以往研究结果对比、不同年龄段统计分析等,多角度验证了所提模型的合理性和适用性。