Seismic control of multi-degrees-of-freedom structures by vertical mass isolation method using MR dampers

Vertical mass isolation(VMI)is one of the novel methods for the seismic control of structures.In this method,the entire structure is assumed to consist of two mass and stiffness subsystems,and an isolated layer is located among them.In this study,the magnetorheological damper in three modes:passive-off,passive-on,and semi-active mode with variable voltage between zero and 9 volts was used as an isolated layer between two subsystems.Multi-degrees-of-freedom structures with 5,10,and 15 floors in two dimensions were examined under 11 pairs of near field earthquakes.On each level,the displacement of MR dampers was taken into account.The responses of maximum displacement,maximum inter-story drift,and maximum base shear in controlled and uncontrolled buildings were compared to assess the suggested approach for seismic control of the structures.According to the results,the semi-active control method can reduce the response by more than 12%compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum displacement of the mass subsystem of the structures.This method can reduce more than 16%and 20%of the responses compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum inter-story drift and base shear of the structure,respectively.

Vibration attenuation performance of wind turbine tower using a prestressed tuned mass damper under seismic excitation

With the rapid development of large megawatt wind turbines,the operation environment of wind turbine towers(WTTs)has become increasingly complex.In particular,seismic excitation can create a resonance response and cause excessive vibration of the WTT.To investigate the vibration attenuation performance of the WTT under seismic excitations,a novel passive vibration control device,called a prestressed tuned mass damper(PS-TMD),is presented in this study.First,a mathematical model is established based on structural dynamics under seismic excitation.Then,the mathematical analytical expression of the dynamic coefficient is deduced,and the parameter design method is obtained by system tuning optimization.Next,based on a theoretical analysis and parameter design,the numerical results showed that the PS-TMD was able to effectively mitigate the resonance under the harmonic basal acceleration.Finally,the time-history analysis method is used to verify the effectiveness of the traditional pendulum tuned mass damper(PTMD)and the novel PS-TMD device,and the results indicate that the vibration attenuation performance of the PS-TMD is better than the PTMD.In addition,the PS-TMD avoids the nonlinear effect due to the large oscillation angle,and has the potential to dissipate hysteretic energy under seismic excitation.

Development and Application of a Power Law Constitutive Model for Eddy Current Dampers

Eddy current dampers (ECDs) have emerged as highly desirable solutions for vibration control due to theirexceptional damping performance and durability. However, the existing constitutive models present challenges tothe widespread implementation of ECD technology, and there is limited availability of finite element analysis (FEA)software capable of accurately modeling the behavior of ECDs. This study addresses these issues by developing anewconstitutivemodel that is both easily understandable and user-friendly for FEAsoftware. By utilizing numericalresults obtained from electromagnetic FEA, a novel power law constitutive model is proposed to capture thenonlinear behavior of ECDs. The effectiveness of the power law constitutive model is validated throughmechanicalproperty tests and numerical seismic analysis. Furthermore, a detailed description of the application process ofthe power law constitutive model in ANSYS FEA software is provided. To facilitate the preliminary design ofECDs, an analytical derivation of energy dissipation and parameter optimization for ECDs under harmonicmotionis performed. The results demonstrate that the power law constitutive model serves as a viable alternative forconducting dynamic analysis using FEA and optimizing parameters for ECDs.

Parameters Optimization and Performance Evaluation of the Tuned Inerter Damper for the Seismic Protection of Adjacent Building Structures

In order to improve the seismic performance of adjacent buildings,two types of tuned inerter damper(TID)damping systems for adjacent buildings are proposed,which are composed of springs,inerter devices and dampers in serial or in parallel.The dynamic equations of TID adjacent building damping systems were derived,and the H2 norm criterion was used to optimize and adjust them,so that the system had the optimum damping performance under white noise random excitation.Taking TID frequency ratio and damping ratio as optimization parameters,the optimum analytical solutions of the displacement frequency response of the undamped structure under white noise excitation were obtained.The results showed that compared with the classic TMD,TID could obtain a better damping effect in the adjacent buildings.Comparing the TIDs composed of serial or parallel,it was found that the parallel TIDs had more significant advantages in controlling the peak displacement frequency response,while the H2 norm of the displacement frequency response of the damping system under the coupling of serial TID was smaller.Taking the adjacent building composed of two ten-story frame structures as an example,the displacement and energy collection time history analysis of the adjacent building coupled with the optimum design parameter TIDs were carried out.It was found that TID had a better damping effect in the full-time range compared with the classic TMD.This paper also studied the potential power of TID in adjacent buildings,which can be converted into available power resources during earthquakes.

超高层Tuned Mass Damper防震支撑系统技术研究应用

超高层建筑是现代城市建设的重要标志之一,其高度已经超过了传统建筑的极限。然而,随着建筑高度不断增加,地震的破坏力也越来越强,超高层建筑面临着更加严峻的安全挑战。因此,研究超高层建筑防震支撑系统技术非常重要,Tuned Mass Damper(TMD)是一种被广泛研究和应用的超高层建筑防震支撑系统技术,TMD最初是在20世纪60年代提出的,最早应用于桥梁上,后来,TMD被引入到建筑领域,并得到广泛的应用。通过精确调节质量、阻尼和弹性等参数来削弱地震引起的建筑物减震效应,从而减少了建筑物因地震造成的损害和崩塌的风险.

Variable stiffness tuned particle dampers for vibration control of cantilever boring bars

This research proposes a novel type of variable stiffness tuned particle damper(TPD)for reducing vibrations in boring bars.The TPD integrates the developments of particle damping and dynamical vibration absorber,whose frequency tuning principle is established through an equivalent theoretical model.Based on the multiphase flow theory of gas-solid,it is effective to obtain the equivalent damping and stiffness of the particle damping.The dynamic equations of the coupled system,consisting of a boring bar with the TPD,are built by Hamilton’s principle.The vibration suppression of the TPD is assessed by calculating the amplitude responses of the boring bar both with and without the TPD by the Newmark-beta algorithm.Moreover,an improvement is proposed to the existing gas-solid flow theory,and a comparative analysis of introducing the stiffness term on the damping effect is presented.The parameters of the TPD are optimized by the genetic algorithm,and the results indicate that the optimized TPD effectively reduces the peak response of the boring bar system.

Application of computational fluid dynamics in design of viscous dampers-CFD modeling and full-scale dynamic testing

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)provides a powerful tool for investigating complicated fluid flows.This paper aims to study the applicability of CFD in the preliminary design of linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers.Two fluid viscous dampers were designed based on CFD models.The first device was a linear viscous damper with straight orifices.The second was a nonlinear viscous damper containing a one-way pressure-responsive valve inside its orifices.Both dampers were detailed based on CFD simulations,and their internal fluid flows were investigated.Full-scale specimens of both dampers were manufactured and tested under dynamic loads.According to the tests results,both dampers demonstrate stable cyclic behaviors,and as expected,the nonlinear damper generally tends to dissipate more energy compared to its linear counterpart.Good compatibility was achieved between the experimentally measured damper force-velocity curves and those estimated from CFD analyses.Using a thermography camera,a rise in temperature of the dampers was measured during the tests.It was found that output force of the manufactured devices was virtually independent of temperature even during long duration loadings.Accordingly,temperature dependence can be ignored in CFD models,because a reliable temperature compensator mechanism was used(or intended to be used)by the damper manufacturer.

双目标优化与生成对抗网络结合的框架结构阻尼器布置方案智能设计方法

为实现框架结构的阻尼器智能化布置,结合减震设计原理和智能算法,采用双目标优化算法和生成对抗网络算法分别进行阻尼器竖向和水平智能布置研究,并将该方法应用到两个框架结构减震设计工程案例中。在框架结构减震设计中,采用双目标优化算法进行阻尼器竖向布置,并与逐层逼近法、工程师设计和非减震设计进行对比,结果表明,采用该优化算法得到的阻尼器竖向布置方案能有效降低层间位移角和楼层加速度,提高结构的抗震性能。在确定各楼层的阻尼器数量后,利用训练好的生成对抗网络生成模型,可快速、自动地选择和确定各楼层阻尼器的平面安装位置,生成的平面布置与工程师设计的平面布置在相似性差异度综合评价指标上小于临界值0.1,说明两者相似度较高,且有利于提高原结构的抗扭能力。将双目标优化算法与生成对抗网络相结合,不仅能满足框架结构的减震性能目标,而且可实现阻尼器布置方案的智能设计,提升减震工程设计效率。

单跨两层含减震外挂墙板装配式混凝土框架拟静力试验研究

该文在对一个含减震外挂墙板平面框架(简称减震结构)以及一个作为对比的纯框架(简称抗震结构)进行混合试验的基础上,进一步对其单跨2层试验子结构进行了拟静力试验,研究了两结构在水平地震作用下的受力过程、损伤模式及减震外挂墙板对主体结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:减震结构和抗震结构的破坏机制均为梁端和柱底出现塑性铰的梁铰机制,减震外挂墙板未改变主体结构的破坏模式;减震结构中,在最大层间位移角达到1/55之前,消能器呈预期的履带式滚动变形,此后由于外挂墙板的面内转动变形,消能器水平剪切变形值增加不大,且圆弧段产生明显变形;试验过程中减震外挂墙板未出现裂缝;墙板与框架间上部线连接处裂缝宽度较小,连接钢筋应变也较小,表明连接可靠;两试件均具有较好的变形能力和耗能能力;在相同位移级别下,减震结构的刚度、极限承载力和耗能能力均更好。

H∞ Control for Externally Excited Building Structures with Active Mass Damper under Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates the application of active mass dampers to mitigate the vibrations of building structures subjected to unknown external excitations under controller saturation conditions. By utilizing an H∞ control strategy, the optimal state feedback controller is derived by solving the linear matrix inequality problem for controller saturation. Case studies show that the proposed controller is capable of stabilizing the closed-loop system with good control performance and effectively suppressing vibrations in building structures under unknown external excitation. When compared to controllers that do not consider saturation, the proposed controller requires lower gain and results in reduced energy consumption. The research findings provide valuable insights for addressing real-world building structure control problems, contributing to both theoretical significance and practical applications.

双重电磁谐振式调谐质量阻尼器的参数优化及对结构减振分析

利用电磁阻尼单元代替经典调谐质量阻尼器中的黏性阻尼单元,形成一种具有结构减振功能的新型电磁谐振式调谐质量阻尼器(electromagnetic shunt tuned mass damper,EMS-TMD)。为进一步提升阻尼器的减振性能和鲁棒性,设计了双重电磁谐振式调谐质量阻尼器(DEMS-TMD)减振方案。依据达朗伯定理,建立地震作用下DEMS-TMD与单自由度结构耦合振动系统的动力学模型。利用蒙特卡洛-模式搜索法数值优化方法,以主结构位移的动力放大系数最大值最小为目标函数,优化得到DEMS-TMD的结构频率比、电子频率比、电磁阻尼比和机电耦合系数的最优参数,为减振参数设计提供理论指导。通过频域和时域两种方法仿真分析了DEMSTMD对结构的减振性能。结果表明:在频域分析中,DEMS-TMD的主结构位移峰值和频响面积均优于传统并联双调谐质量阻尼器(double tuned mass damper,DTMD);在时域分析中,DEMS-TMD对结构位移、加速度峰值和均方根的减振性能均优于传统DTMD,有效地提高了对结构的减振效果。

四主缆大跨悬索桥抗震性能分析及减震措施优化

以燕矶长江大桥为工程背景,首先,采用动力非线性时程法分析了燕矶长江大桥抗震性能,并研究了设置电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器和黏滞阻尼器对大跨悬索桥抗震性能的影响;然后,对附加电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器摩擦力、阻尼系数和阻尼指数开展了参数敏感性分析;最后,从耗能角度分析地震作用下电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器减震特点.结果表明:在E2地震作用下,桥塔关键截面抗弯能力均大于弯矩需求;在“纵向+竖向”地震作用下梁端纵向位移较大.设置塔梁处纵桥向阻尼器后,可有效降低主桥梁端纵向位移;增大摩擦力、阻尼系数与降低阻尼指数均可提升梁端纵向地震响应的控制效果,但参数变化对桥塔控制截面的地震响应影响较小.阻尼系数较大时,电涡流阻尼主导了电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器耗能,相较于黏滞阻尼器,电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器对梁端纵向位移控制效果更好.

铁路悬索桥车致纵向运动混合阻尼减振研究

针对铁路悬索桥在列车过桥时梁端纵向运动响应控制问题,提出了一种创新的混合阻尼减振方案,采用多种类型的阻尼器控制梁端位移,以满足不同的减振需求.以某在建大跨铁路悬索桥为工程背景,建立了空间桁架精细模型和等效单梁简化模型,系统研究了混合阻尼减振方案不同阻尼器参数对减振效果的影响.该方案将低指数黏滞阻尼器纵向安装于桥塔与加劲梁之间,同时在桥台与加劲梁之间纵向安装电涡流阻尼器.鉴于桥台结构的特殊性,电涡流阻尼器被设计为仅能承受压力的装置,并通过样机试验进行了验证.为了进一步提升减振性能,电涡流阻尼器还配备了摩擦耗能元件.该混合阻尼减振方案能够有效控制列车过桥时梁端的纵向运动响应,显著提高桥梁结构的安全性和耐久性,在类似工程中具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义.

增设角部阻尼器箍头榫木节点的抗震性能

为了给广府木结构的修复提供理论依据,采用菠萝格木材设计制作了5个箍头榫节点试件。考虑到榫卯构造尺寸的影响,首先进行了未加固无损节点的拟静力试验。然后,采用对原有外观影响较小的雀替型阻尼器对上述节点损坏试件进行加固,以尽可能保留建筑的原始风貌。最后,对加固节点进行拟静力试验,以研究节点的抗震性能变化以及阻尼器的加固效果。结果表明:采用阻尼器加固后的节点试件在加载至破坏时,榫卯处压痕明显,梁外榫外侧劈裂、脱榫现象明显,阻尼器脚部的橡胶与钢板有一定的脱离现象;对节点增设阻尼器能够弥补节点初期损伤导致的受力性能下降,为残损榫卯节点提供较好的后期刚度,提高节点的承载能力和耗能能力;与未加固试件相比,增设阻尼器后,试件的后期刚度、极限承载力、总滞回耗能均有所增加,分别提高18%、19%、20%以上。文中还在已有简化力学模型的基础上,结合OpenSees,提出了一种应用于箍头榫木结构的宏观模型建模方法。采用该方法得到的节点滞回曲线与试验结果吻合良好,可以有效模拟阻尼器加固的箍头榫木节点的滞回耗能特性。

惯质黏性阻尼器对悬索桥隧道锚减振的影响

为研究隧道锚(tunnel-type anchor,简称TTA)锚岩接触面对动荷载影响的敏感性,寻求一种适用于散索鞍至锚碇缆索处的减振装置。首先,利用有限差分软件建立隧道锚数值模型,监测并分析锚岩接触面共9个测点的速度位移响应;其次,利用滚珠丝杠构件的位移转换放大原理,提出一种适用于前锚室处的惯质黏性阻尼器;最后,利用能量耗散守恒方法,模拟并检验安装该阻尼器后隧道锚的减振效果。结果表明:在动荷载作用下,锚塞体两底角部位测点响应明显大于顶部测点,中部锚岩接触面位移增长较前部与后部更为迅速;隧道锚受低幅值动荷载影响更为明显,动力系数约为1.3,随着荷载幅值的增加,动荷载对于隧道锚的影响会减弱;振动前期较为剧烈,加载0~1 s内剪应变增量增幅明显,后期增量基本不变;设置阻尼器后,锚岩接触面速度位移响应减小,位移减小幅度接近20%,速度响应在1 s内基本衰减至0;阻尼器的减振效果与荷载幅值有关,锚塞体处于中低载荷时,设置阻尼器所带来的减振效果最好,减小效果可以达到24%。

风浪联合作用下分布式调谐质量阻尼器对海上半潜漂浮式风机的减振控制

海上半潜漂浮式风机在复杂深海环境下产生有害振动会威胁风机的安全性和耐久性,针对该问题并结合美国NREL的5 MW样机的漂浮平台几何结构构造,提出利用分布式调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Dampers,TMDs),即分别在漂浮平台的3根浮筒中布置TMD,形成等边三角形布置,对随机风浪联合作用下海上半潜漂浮式风机的平台纵摇振动进行控制。为了更好地描述分布式TMDs对海上半潜漂浮式风机的减振效果,基于拉格朗日方程和模态叠加法,对海上半潜漂浮式风机-TMDs耦合系统提出并建立了9自由度多体动力学模型。基于H_(∞)算法,即以平台纵摇频响函数的峰值为优化目标,对分布式TMDs的参数进行优化设计,优化设计中考虑了3个TMDs之间的耦合关系。对风机-TMDs耦合系统开展了风浪联合作用下的数值模拟,分析了分布式TMDs对平台纵摇响应的减振效果。结果表明:最优设计下的分布式TMDs对海上半潜漂浮式风机平台纵摇振动具有良好的减振性能;在三种不同工况的随机风浪荷载作用下,分布式TMDs对平台纵摇固有频率附近的功率谱密度曲线峰值减振率和标准差减振率能分别达到39%和52%以上。

罕遇地震下高速铁路大跨矮塔斜拉桥减隔震性能研究

为研究不同减隔震装置对高速铁路大跨矮塔斜拉桥的减隔震机理,以某(90+180+90)m矮塔斜拉桥为研究背景,基于非线性时程分析建立有限元模型,研究摩擦摆支座、黏滞阻尼器和减隔震组合装置的减震效果及桥梁的抗震性能。结果表明:罕遇地震作用下,全桥主塔处采用摩擦摆支座和黏滞阻尼器的组合装置可以有效解决抗震问题,优化后选取摩擦系数为0.06、曲率半径为2 m的摩擦摆支座和阻尼系数为12000 kN·(m·s^(-1))-α、阻尼指数α为0.8的黏滞阻尼器;相比于单独使用摩擦摆支座或黏滞阻尼器,减隔震组合装置可大幅度减小全桥各关键截面的内力、桥墩位移及梁端转角,显著提升桥梁的抗震性能,剪力和弯矩的减震率分别达70.85%和76.94%,桥墩墩顶位移减震率达76.08%;各关键截面安全系数均大于1,结构均处于弹性范围,满足桥梁抗震性能的要求。

X形软钢阻尼器延性断裂的试验研究与数值模拟

为了研究X形软钢阻尼器在大变形状态下的耗能性能和损伤演化规律,设计了6组试件进行单向和循环荷载作用下延性断裂的试验研究,分析了软钢阻尼器的破坏过程和滞回曲线。采用Lemaitre-Chaboche混合强化模型,分别对各工况下包含与不包含基于应力三轴度的钢材微观损伤模型的软钢阻尼器进行了精细的有限元模拟。对比有限元模拟结果和试验结果,分析结果表明,颈部为X形耗能软钢阻尼器的薄弱位置,最容易发生集中损伤甚至破坏。考虑钢材损伤准则的有限元模拟的荷载-位移曲线与试验结果更加吻合,能够表征软钢阻尼器的承载力与刚度退化现象,并能较为准确地预测软钢阻尼器的损伤演化过程和断裂破坏位置。

泸定地震中典型隔震建筑震害分析

为落实国务院744号令关于在“两区八类建筑”中推广使用隔震技术的要求,推动隔震技术的健康发展,对位于泸定地震震中的两栋隔震建筑的震害情况进行了调查。分析了某教学行政楼中隔震层的阻尼器及连接件、支墩震害原因,介绍了某宿舍楼的隔震支座震损情况,对两栋建筑隔离缝等构造处理的不合理导致震损的不足之处进行了全面、系统总结。提出了隔震建筑设计应全专业协调,避免过多设置隔离缝将建筑分割过于零碎;与阻尼器连接支墩需进行剪扭验算;穿越隔震层的设备管道的柔性连接应设置U形段预留变形长度,宽度较大的隔离缝应注意防掉落及通行需求的设计及构造等改进意见。并对隔震结构的施工,产品的检验、验收及建设单位责任提出了相关要求。

基于负刚度装置的超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应控制研究

为完善超长联大跨连续梁桥的减、隔震技术,将负刚度装置引入到超长联大跨隔震连续梁桥中组成新型减、隔震系统,并与黏滞阻尼器-摩擦摆支座组合减震系统进行比较。基于CSiBridge软件建立全桥有限元模型,负刚度装置采用弹性多段线模拟,摩擦摆支座采用双线性恢复力模型,黏滞阻尼器采用Maxwell模型,输入3条地震波进行非线性时程分析,考查两种新型减、隔震系统下桥梁结构的地震反应,探究负刚度系统及黏滞阻尼器系统对超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应的控制效果。研究结果表明:负刚度装置与黏滞阻尼器均可以有效地减小超长联大跨隔震连续梁桥的支座位移。负刚度装置对桥墩内力反应及梁体加速度反应的控制优于黏滞阻尼器。负刚度装置在超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应控制中有较好的应用前景。