Scientific evidence is just the starting point: A generalizable process for developing sports injury prevention interventions

Background: The 2 most cited sports injury prevention research frameworks incorporate intervention development, yet little guidance is available in the sports science literature on how to undertake this complex process. This paper presents a generalizable process for developing implementable sports injury prevention interventions, including a case study applying the process to develop a lower limb injury prevention exercise training program(Footy First) for community Australian football.Methods: The intervention development process is underpinned by 2 complementary premises:(1) that evidence-based practice integrates the best available scientific evidence with practitioner expertise and end user values and(2) that research evidence alone is insufficient to develop implementable interventions.Results: The generalizable 6-step intervention development process involves(1) compiling research evidence, clinical experience, and knowledge of the implementation context;(2) consulting with experts;(3) engaging with end users;(4) testing the intervention;(5) using theory; and(6)obtaining feedback from early implementers. Following each step, intervention content and presentation should be revised to ensure that the final intervention includes evidence-informed content that is likely to be adopted, properly implemented, and sustained over time by the targeted intervention deliverers. For Footy First, this process involved establishing a multidisciplinary intervention development group, conducting 2targeted literature reviews, undertaking an online expert consensus process, conducting focus groups with program end users, testing the program multiple times in different contexts, and obtaining feedback from early implementers of the program.Conclusion: This systematic yet pragmatic and iterative intervention development process is potentially applicable to any injury prevention topic across all sports settings and levels. It will guide researchers wishing to undertake intervention development.

Commentary on: “Scientific evidence is just the starting point:A generalizable process for developing sports injury prevention interventions” by Alex Donaldson et al.

<正>In a recent paper,Donaldson et al.~1 argued that lower extremity injuries can be prevented.Evidence-based sports injury preventive exercise programs usually have limited impact on public health because they are not widely adopted or sustained into regular training routines.One reason for this is that the intervention program may not seem relevant for the

Applying the Socio-Ecological Model to barriers to implementation of ACL injury prevention programs: A systematic review

Background: Preventing anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries is important to avoid long-term adverse health consequences. Identifying barriers to implementation of these prevention programs is crucial to reducing the incidence of these injuries. Our purpose was to identify barriers of implementation for ACL injury prevention programs and suggest mechanisms for reducing the barriers through application of a SocioEcological Model(SEM).Methods: Studies investigating ACL prevention program effectiveness were searched in Medline via PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and a subsequent review of the references of the identified articles, yielded 15 articles total. Inclusion criteria encompassed prospective controlled trials, published in English, with ACL injuries as the primary outcome. Studies were independently appraised by 2 reviewers for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Barriers to implementation were identified when reported in at least 2 separate studies. A SEM was used to suggest ways to reduce the identified barriers.Results: Five barriers were identified: motivation, time requirements, skill requirements for program facilitators, compliance, and cost. The SEM suggested ways to minimize the barriers at all levels of the model from the individual through policy levels.Conclusion: Identification of barriers to program implementation and suggesting how to reduce them through the SEM is a critical first step toward enabling ACL prevention programs to be more effective and ultimately reducing the incidence of these injuries.

Spraino:A novel low-friction device for prevention of lateral ankle sprain injuries in indoor sports

A heightened risk for lateral ankle sprain injuries has been associated with excessive shoe-surface friction.‘Spraino’is a novel product specifically designed towards preventing friction-related lateral ankle sprains.In a recent 510-athlete randomized controlled trial,allocation to this“low-friction”shoe-patch resulted in a 53%reduction of severe ankle sprain injuries.Until now,however,a theoretical explanation linking shoe-surface friction and lateral ankle sprain injury mechanism is missing,and the extent to which Spraino reduces shoesurface friction remains unknown.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to present a theoretical link between lateral edge shoe-surface friction and the mechanism of lateral ankle sprain injuries,and ultimately establish the ability of Spraino to reduce lateral edge shoe-surface friction.In this paper,we present a theory on how ankle sprain mechanics are directly affected by the friction between shoe and surface,and why friction modifications might be a viable preventive strategy.When testing slip resistance in a modified mechanical testsetup,we detected a 63%reduction(0.83–0.31)in friction coefficient between the lateral edge of the outsole and the indoor sports floor when adding Spraino to the side of the shoe.Justified in our theory,and the previously established clinical effectiveness,this reduction in friction can mitigate both the risk and severity of lateral ankle sprain injuries.This suggests that reducing friction on the lateral edge of footwear can be an effective ankle sprain injury prevention strategy.

Injury rate,mechanism,and risk factors of hamstring strain injuries in sports:A review of the literature

Hamstring strains are one of most common sports injuries.The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on hamstring strain injury rate,mechanism,and risk factors in the last several decades with a focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of this injury.Hamstring injury commonly occurs in sporting events in which high speed sprinting and kicking are frequently performed,such as Australian football. English rugby,American football,and soccer.Basic science studies have demonstrated that a muscle strain injury occurs due to excessive strain in eccentric contraction instead of force,and that elongation speed and duration of activation before eccentric contraction affect the severity of the injury.Hamstring strain injury is likely to occur during the late swing phase and late stance phase of sprint running.Shortened optimum muscle length,lack of muscle flexibility,strength imbalance,insufficient warm-up,fatigue,lower back injury,poor lumbar posture,and increased muscle neural tension have been identified as modifiable risk factors while muscle compositions,age,race,and previous injuries are non-modifiable risk factors.The theoretical basis of some of these risk factors,however,is lacking,and the results of clinical studies on these risk factors are inconsistent.Future studies are needed to establish the cause-and-effect relationships between those proposed risk factors and the injury.

Common Sports Injuries and Preventive Measures for Athletes—Take The Track and Field Team Athletes in Yushan County as an Example

Taking the common sports injuries and preventive measures of Yushan County middle school track and field athletes as the research object,the sports injuries of Yushan County middle school track and field athletes were investigated and analyzed from the angle,type,location and nature of sports injury.Research on sports injury problems,trying to find the causes of sports injuries in daily training of track and field athletes,and proposed targeted preventive measures based on the specific situation of Yushan County Middle School.The results show that 77.70%of track and field athletes have suffered sports injury and periostitis and ligament/muscle strains are the most common forms of injury,and lower limbs are more prone to sports injuries than upper limbs.

基于机器学习的运动损伤预警模型

背景:运动医学界广泛呼吁采用机器学习技术高效处理庞大、冗杂的运动数据资源,构建智能化的运动损伤预警模型,以实现运动损伤的精准预警。对此类研究成果进行综合归纳与评述,对把握预警模型改进方向,指导中国损伤预警模型构建工作均具有重要意义。目的:系统梳理基于机器学习技术的运动损伤预警模型相关研究,为中国运动损伤预警模型构建工作提供借鉴。方法:对中国知网、Web of Science和EBSCO数据库进行文献检索,主要检索机器学习技术和运动损伤相关文献,最终纳入61篇运动损伤预警模型相关文献进行分析。结果与结论:①在纳入文献的外部风险特征指标中,缺乏比赛场景类指标,后续需进一步完善相关特征指标的纳入工作,以进一步丰富模型训练的数据集维度;此外,运动损伤预警模型的纳入特征权重方法以过滤法为主,需强化嵌入法及包裹法等权重方法的运用,以增强多风险因素交互效应的分析。②在模型主体训练方面,模型主体训练算法多以监督式学习算法为主,此类算法对样本标注信息的完整度有较高要求,应用场景易受限,后期可增加无监督式与半监督式算法的应用。③在模型性能评估优化方面,现研究主要采用了HoldOut交叉与k-交叉两种验证方式评估模型性能,模型的AUC值范围(0.76±0.12),灵敏度范围(75.92±11.03)%,特异度范围(80.03±4.54)%,F1分数值范围(80.60±10.63)%,准确度范围(69.96±13.10)%,精确度范围(70±14.71)%,数据增强与特征优化为最常见的模型优化操作。当前运动损伤预警模型准确度及精确度均约为70%,预警效果良好,但模型优化操作较单一,多采用数据增强方法提升模型性能,需强化对模型算法、超参数的调整,以进一步提升模型性能。④在模型特征提取方面,纳入的内部风险特征指标多以人体测量学、训练负荷、训练年限和损伤史等指标为主,缺乏运动恢复类指标与身体机能类指标。

Effectiveness of overuse injury prevention programs on upper extremity performance in overhead youth athletes:A systematic review

Several targeted upper extremity injury prevention programs have been developed to mitigate the risk of upper extremity overuse injuries among youth athletes in overhead sports;however,their effectiveness on performance outcome measures has not been investigated.This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of existing upper extremity injury prevention programs that focused on modifying intrinsic risk factors,and performance outcome measures in overhead youth athletes.The secondary aim was to identify the training components of these programs.PubMed,Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro),SPORTDiscus(via EBSCOhost),and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 to November 2020 for studies that implemented training programs or exercises for upper extremity injury prevention among youth athletes in overhead throwing or striking sports.An updated search was conducted from December 2020 to October 2022.A program was deemed effective for a performance outcome measure if significant improvements were observed in the intervention group as compared to the control group.Of the 1394 studies identified,five studies met the inclusion criteria.The effectiveness of the injury prevention programs on the identified performance outcome measures of strength,mobility,and sport-specific measures were 30.4%,28.6%,and 22.2%,respectively.The training components targeted were strength,mobility,and plyometrics.Strength was the most common training component and was also the most widely investigated performance outcome measure.Overall,current upper extremity injury prevention programs seem effective at improving performance outcome measures of strength,mobility,and sport-specific outcomes with training components of strength,mobility and plyometrics.Standardized protocols are required for the measurement and reporting of performance outcomes measures,and the reporting of training components.

Epidemiology and risk factors for sports-and recreation-related eye injury:a multicenter prospective observational study

AIM:To identify the epidemiologic characteristics of sportsand recreation-related eye injuries in a large metropolitan city and investigate risk factors associated with visual impairment.METHODS:We performed a multicenter prospective observational study on patients using the regional eye injury registry data.This study included patients with sportsand recreation-related eye injury in four tertiary teaching hospitals in Daegu,Republic of Korea,from August 2016 to July 2018.The primary outcome was visual impairment at the first hospital visit.Distributions of sex,age,place,and causative materials were analyzed according to causative activities.To examine the association between causative activities and visual impairment,a Logistic regression analysis was used.RESULTS:Of the 349 sports-and recreation-related eye injuries,soccer was the most common causative activity,with 21.8%(n=76).Sports-and recreation-related eye injuries occurred mainly in teenagers,individuals in their 20 s,and men.Badminton and soccer were significantly associated with visual impairment at the first hospital visit compared with combat sports[(adjusted odds ratio(AOR),5.18;95%confidence interval(CI),1.67-16.09 for badminton and AOR,3.87;95%CI,1.36-10.99 for soccer].CONCLUSION:Intervention efforts such as deployment of protective eyewear in sports facilities and schools and promotion of wearing protective eyewear during these activities in teenagers and individuals in their 20 s are mandatory.

巴黎奥运周期竞技游泳运动生物力学研究进展

本文梳理了巴黎奥运周期内竞技游泳运动生物力学研究的最新进展,通过分析运动生物力学在竞技游泳中的应用,旨在揭示运动表现提升与损伤预防的关键因素,主要涵盖技术分析与优化、研究方法与设备、表现评估与强化,以及损伤预防与康复4个方面。巴黎奥运周期竞技游泳运动生物力学相关研究体现了运动生物力学在优化游泳技术动作、评估运动表现和预防运动损伤中具有重要作用。特别是最新的数据采集和分析设备,如高精度传感器、人工智能与深度学习技术的发展,使得对游泳技术的分析更加全面和精确。未来的研究应进一步结合多维度数据整合技术,通过高精度运动捕捉、流体力学测量及智能分析,深层次探索游泳技术的优化路径。

体育训练中运动损伤的原因及预防策略

随着健康中国战略的提出,全民健康、全民运动成为我国民众身体素质提升的核心理念,体育训练作为实现健康中国战略的基本形式,不仅可以提高全民身体素质,还能够促进全民心理健康。但是,在体育训练中,运动损伤是不可避免的。基于此,该文将探讨体育训练中运动损伤的原因及预防策略,希望能够为健康中国战略布局及实施提供参考。

新时期消防员体能训练损伤现状调研与对策建议

改革转隶后,消防救援队伍救援职能的拓展和职业周期的延长对消防员的体能提出了更高的要求。本研究对我国不同地区的消防员体能训练现状开展调研,结果显示:消防救援队伍训练损伤率较高,主要表现为关节损伤和肌肉韧带拉伤,且损伤部位主要集中在膝、腰、踝、肩、腕5个部位;造成损伤的主要原因包括动作不标准、对损伤预防认识不足、拉伸放松不到位、准备活动不充分、过度疲劳尚未恢复等。针对调研结果,本研究从职业需求、训练科目、科学训练原则和运动防护装备等方面提出了消防员训练损伤的防护方法。

肌筋膜松解手法对国家跆拳道队运动员膝关节功能改善效果的实证研究

目的:探讨国家跆拳道队康复体系中的肌筋膜松解(myofascial release,MFR)手法对运动员膝关节功能的改善效果。方法:采用单被试实验多重基线设计,对6名运动员(WL、GQ、LS、SJ、ZY、ZQ)进行为期10个月的MFR手法干预。通过测量运动员主要踢击腿的Lysholm量表评分、运动员睡眠筛查问卷(Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire,ASSQ)得分、膝关节主动活动度(active range of motion,AROM)、膝关节被动活动度(passive range of motion,PROM)和压力疼痛感觉阈值(pressure pain threshold,PPT)等指标,反映运动员的膝关节功能、睡眠质量、膝关节活动度和压力疼痛感觉。采用超过基线期的中位数百分比(percentage of data points exceeding the median of baseline phase,PEM)进行个体疗效分析与相关性分析;选用Lysholm和PPT作为变量,使用线性混合模型对整体疗效进行分析。结果:1)在个体疗效方面,6名运动员Lysholm量表评分的PEM分别为0.82、0.82、0.64、0.73、0.55、0.82,其中,MFR手法对WL、GQ、ZQ等运动员膝关节功能的改善较为有效(0.7≤PEM<0.9),其余3名运动员则效果微弱(0.5≤PEM<0.7);6名运动员ASSQ得分的PEM分别为0.36、0.55、0.45、0.55、0.64、0.55,其中,MFR手法对WL与LS睡眠质量的改善效果差(PEM<0.5),其余4名运动员则效果微弱(0.5≤PEM<0.7);6名运动员AROM的PEM分别为0.76、0.88、0.92、0.88、0.70、0.92,其中,MFR手法对GQ、LS和ZQ膝关节AROM的改善有效(PEM≥0.9),SJ较为有效(0.7≤PEM<0.9),而WL和ZY则效果微弱(0.5≤PEM<0.7);6名运动员PROM的PEM分别为1.00、0.86、0.92、1.00、0.84、0.82,其中,MFR手法对WL、LS、SJ有效(PEM≥0.9),对GQ、ZY、ZQ较为有效(0.7≤PEM<0.9);6名运动员PPT的PEM均为1.00,MFR手法对PTT干预有效(PEM≥0.9)。MFR手法对6名运动员膝关节改善效果由高到低依次为PPT、PROM、AROM、Lysholm评分和ASSQ得分。2)Lysholm评分与各变量存在显著相关性(P<0.05),AROM与PROM的相关性最为显著(P<0.01),ASSQ得分只与PPT相关性显著(P<0.05)。3)在整体疗效方面,Lysholm评分在跟踪期高于干预期(β=-4.120,P<0.001)与基线期(β=-4.924,P<0.001),PPT在跟踪期低于干预期(β=4.485,P<0.001),高于基线期(β=-2.472,P<0.001)。结论:MFR手法可以有效改善跆拳道运动员的膝关节活动范围与相关软组织状态,在一定程度上能够预防膝关节运动损伤的发生。

基于Mechelen“预防序列”的篮球运动损伤预防模型构建研究

本文运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,在分析篮球运动的特点、常见的篮球运动损伤、预防篮球运动损伤的必要性的基础上,探讨了基于Mechelen“预防序列”的篮球运动损伤预防模型构建。结果显示,篮球运动损伤的发生主要集中在人体的下肢,其机制主要在接触和非接触2个方面。基于此,建议:(1)篮球运动员在日常训练中,适当进行功能性训练和热身活动,以预防篮球运动损伤的发生或者减轻运动损伤的程度。(2)制定相应的篮球运动损伤预防模型,预防篮球运动损伤,延长篮球运动从业者的运动寿命。

运动损伤预防中的人体生物力学应用研究

深入理解运动过程中的机械作用,能有效指导运动损伤的预防和康复。通过细致的生物力学评估,可以识别出导致损伤的运动模式,从而针对性地设计预防措施和康复训练计划。本研究通过案例分析,深入探讨了生物力学在实际运动损伤预防和康复中的应用,并对短跑运动员A和长距离自行车运动员B进行了个性化干预方案及其效果评估,展示了生物力学原理在提高运动安全性和效率方面的巨大潜力。

陕西省竞技体育基础体能测试的优化考量——基于动作质量评价

动作质量是运动员在实施动作时所表现出的技术水平。基于动作质量本身与体能测试数据准确性及运动损伤的相关性,将动作质量评价融入基础体能测试是一种优化方法。本文运用文献资料法、实地考察法、问卷调查法等研究方法,充分发掘陕西省竞技体育基础体能测试开展的现实状况及其致因,探讨动作质量评价融入陕西省竞技体育基础体能测试的意义。研究认为,动作质量评价融入陕西省基础体能测试具有防范运动损伤、强化数据信效度、完善计划制订的现实价值,同时从环境、政策、人力、需求4个方面分析了这一优化措施的科学性。

基于因果推断的运动科学研究方法架构及应用

因果推断逻辑分析方法在运动科学研究中具有较高的应用价值和必要性。运动科学研究需要深入了解运动员表现背后的因果关系,而因果推断方法则为其提供了相应的数学量化工具。通过分析竞技体育实践中采用新技术的风险与收益的具体案例,能够凸显因果推断相对于相关性研究方法的优势。因果推断方法的步骤包括干预或观察研究对象、建立合适的模型以及处理混杂因素。常用的因果推断方法包括倾向得分匹配和工具变量法,两者在运动科学研究中的适用性较强、优势明显。为了提高因果推断结论的可靠性,数据质量控制是不可忽略的影响因素,根据不同的应用场景应用因果推断的具体方法和措施也有不同的最优解。基于因果推断的运动科学研究方法需要综合考虑多种因素,如研究设计、数据收集、模型构建和结果解释等。将因果推断方法与其他研究方法相结合,可以更全面地揭示运动科学研究中的因果关系。未来研究应深入探索因果推断方法在运动科学不同领域的应用及其在运动科学研究中的伦理和社会影响,以更深入地明晰因果推断方法在运动科学领域应用的重要性,提高研究结论的可信度,并为相关研究提供更可靠、易行的分析方法,促进运动科学研究的发展。

舞蹈运动员运动损伤预防及康复策略研究

该文采用文献资料、实地调研等方法,探讨舞蹈运动易伤部位及诱因,提出损伤预防及康复策略。研究认为,舞蹈运动损伤主要集中于膝关节、踝关节以及腰背部等,损伤诱因包括负荷量与强度较大、技术不合理、损伤管理意识薄弱以及相关损伤管理知识与技能匮乏等。提出损伤预防与康复策略:加强舞蹈专项体能训练,提高易伤部位抗损伤能力;重视热身活动开展,提升损伤防范意识;关注基本功技术训练,建立正确的动作模式;掌握科学损伤救治防护措施,提高损伤防护与管理能力。

运动解剖学视角下篮球教学中运动损伤特征分析及预防措施

为深入探究篮球教学中运动损伤的特征,该研究从运动解剖学视角入手,采用文献资料法、访谈法以及问卷调查等研究方法展开了分析。研究发现,有超过一半的学生在篮球运动中发生过运动损伤,损伤类型主要为关节损伤,尤其多发于踝关节和膝关节两个部位,通过损伤机制分析,该研究提出了加强神经肌肉练习和协调性练习、规范技术动作、建立正确运动动机、穿戴专业的篮球装备以及建立自我保护意识的建议,旨在为篮球教学中运动损伤的预防提供参考。

柔韧性训练对健美操运动损伤的预防作用

对于健美操运动员而言,柔韧性训练能够提高肌肉和关节的弹性、改善肌肉调节能力、优化热身效果以及加速肌肉恢复,对预防健美操运动损伤具有重要的作用。在概括介绍柔韧性训练,列举健美操运动员容易出现的运动损伤的基础上,对柔韧性训练在预防健美操运动损伤方面的效果进行了讨论分析,为运动损伤的预防提供参考。