Being based on Thomas Carlyle's division of "the dandy" and "the drudge" in Sartor Resartus, this article discusses Mr.Bennet and Mr. Gardiner, representatives of the two categories. The dandie...Being based on Thomas Carlyle's division of "the dandy" and "the drudge" in Sartor Resartus, this article discusses Mr.Bennet and Mr. Gardiner, representatives of the two categories. The dandies from the gentry, represented by Mr. Bennet, shatter the aristocratic civilization through their inaction; while the drudges from the rising bourgeoisie, represented by Mr. Gardiner, destroy the aristocratic civilization through their capital and commercial expansion. Their influence, combining with other factors, contributes to the final disintegration of the aristocratic system.展开更多
Woonyoungia septentrionalis （Dandy） Law is aceae. The floral morphology and structure of the species a dioecious species with unisexual flowers in Magnoliare conspicuously different from other species and are import...Woonyoungia septentrionalis （Dandy） Law is aceae. The floral morphology and structure of the species a dioecious species with unisexual flowers in Magnoliare conspicuously different from other species and are important to the study of floral phylogeny in this family. The floral anatomy and ontogeny were investigated to evaluate the systematic position of W. septentrionalis, using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. All of the floral organs are initiated acropetally and spirally. The carpels are of conduplicated type without the differentiation of stigma and style. The degenerated stamens in the female flowers have the same structures as the normal stamens at the earlier developmental stages, but they do not undergo successive development and eventually degenerate. The male floral apex was observed to have the remnants of carpels in a few investigated samples. As the bisexual flower features could be traced both in the male and female flowers in W. septentrionalis, it suggests that the flower sex in Magnoliaceae tends toward unisexual. As well as the unisexual flowers, the reduced tepals and carpels and concrescence of carpels conform to the specialized tendency in Magnoliaceae, which confirms the derived position of W. septentrionalis in this family. As the initiation pattern of floral parts of W. septentrionalis is very similar to other species in this family, it needs further investigation and especially comparison with species in Kmeria to evaluate the separation of Woonyoungia.展开更多
文摘Being based on Thomas Carlyle's division of "the dandy" and "the drudge" in Sartor Resartus, this article discusses Mr.Bennet and Mr. Gardiner, representatives of the two categories. The dandies from the gentry, represented by Mr. Bennet, shatter the aristocratic civilization through their inaction; while the drudges from the rising bourgeoisie, represented by Mr. Gardiner, destroy the aristocratic civilization through their capital and commercial expansion. Their influence, combining with other factors, contributes to the final disintegration of the aristocratic system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770140,30470186,30370108)the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(5006764)+1 种基金the Botanical Garden and Taxonomy Project of the Knowledge Innovation Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-YW-Z-026)the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province(2007A020200004-8)
文摘Woonyoungia septentrionalis （Dandy） Law is aceae. The floral morphology and structure of the species a dioecious species with unisexual flowers in Magnoliare conspicuously different from other species and are important to the study of floral phylogeny in this family. The floral anatomy and ontogeny were investigated to evaluate the systematic position of W. septentrionalis, using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. All of the floral organs are initiated acropetally and spirally. The carpels are of conduplicated type without the differentiation of stigma and style. The degenerated stamens in the female flowers have the same structures as the normal stamens at the earlier developmental stages, but they do not undergo successive development and eventually degenerate. The male floral apex was observed to have the remnants of carpels in a few investigated samples. As the bisexual flower features could be traced both in the male and female flowers in W. septentrionalis, it suggests that the flower sex in Magnoliaceae tends toward unisexual. As well as the unisexual flowers, the reduced tepals and carpels and concrescence of carpels conform to the specialized tendency in Magnoliaceae, which confirms the derived position of W. septentrionalis in this family. As the initiation pattern of floral parts of W. septentrionalis is very similar to other species in this family, it needs further investigation and especially comparison with species in Kmeria to evaluate the separation of Woonyoungia.
