Reliable Data Collection Model and Transmission Framework in Large-Scale Wireless Medical Sensor Networks

Large-scale wireless sensor networks(WSNs)play a critical role in monitoring dangerous scenarios and responding to medical emergencies.However,the inherent instability and error-prone nature of wireless links present significant challenges,necessitating efficient data collection and reliable transmission services.This paper addresses the limitations of existing data transmission and recovery protocols by proposing a systematic end-to-end design tailored for medical event-driven cluster-based large-scale WSNs.The primary goal is to enhance the reliability of data collection and transmission services,ensuring a comprehensive and practical approach.Our approach focuses on refining the hop-count-based routing scheme to achieve fairness in forwarding reliability.Additionally,it emphasizes reliable data collection within clusters and establishes robust data transmission over multiple hops.These systematic improvements are designed to optimize the overall performance of the WSN in real-world scenarios.Simulation results of the proposed protocol validate its exceptional performance compared to other prominent data transmission schemes.The evaluation spans varying sensor densities,wireless channel conditions,and packet transmission rates,showcasing the protocol’s superiority in ensuring reliable and efficient data transfer.Our systematic end-to-end design successfully addresses the challenges posed by the instability of wireless links in large-scaleWSNs.By prioritizing fairness,reliability,and efficiency,the proposed protocol demonstrates its efficacy in enhancing data collection and transmission services,thereby offering a valuable contribution to the field of medical event-drivenWSNs.

Enabling Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks-Based IoT Application

The use of the Internet of Things(IoT)is expanding at an unprecedented scale in many critical applications due to the ability to interconnect and utilize a plethora of wide range of devices.In critical infrastructure domains like oil and gas supply,intelligent transportation,power grids,and autonomous agriculture,it is essential to guarantee the confidentiality,integrity,and authenticity of data collected and exchanged.However,the limited resources coupled with the heterogeneity of IoT devices make it inefficient or sometimes infeasible to achieve secure data transmission using traditional cryptographic techniques.Consequently,designing a lightweight secure data transmission scheme is becoming essential.In this article,we propose lightweight secure data transmission(LSDT)scheme for IoT environments.LSDT consists of three phases and utilizes an effective combination of symmetric keys and the Elliptic Curve Menezes-Qu-Vanstone asymmetric key agreement protocol.We design the simulation environment and experiments to evaluate the performance of the LSDT scheme in terms of communication and computation costs.Security and performance analysis indicates that the LSDT scheme is secure,suitable for IoT applications,and performs better in comparison to other related security schemes.

Design and validation of wireless strain test system for bridge based on the resistance strain sensor

In order to achieve an access to strain sensor data with wireless transmission in bridge engineering structure testing, a wireless strain test system is presented based on the resistance strain sensor of networks. The wireless bridge strain test system composed of master station and substation adopts the wireless method to realize the high accuracy data acquisition between the master station and the substation under a reliable communication protocol. The system has been tested in contrast with the present strain apparatus. Results show that the wireless system is high-reliable, and has many characteristics such as high efficiency, good precision, high stability with low cost, and good flexibility, without using the present communication network.

Power Line Monitoring Data Transmission Using Wireless Sensor Network

The WSN used in power line monitoring is long chain structure, and the bottleneck near the Sink node is more obvious. In view of this, A Sink nodes’ cooperation mechanism is presented. The Sink nodes from different WSNs are adjacently deployed. Adopting multimode and spatial multiplexing network technology, the network is constructed into multi-mode-level to achieve different levels of data streaming. The network loads are shunted and the network resources are rationally utilized. Through the multi-sink nodes cooperation, the bottlenecks at the Sink node and its near several jump nodes are solved and process the competition of communication between nodes by channel adjustment. Finally, the paper analyzed the method and provided simulation experiment results. Simulation results show that the method can solve the funnel effect of the sink node, and get a good QoS.

Autonomous UAV 3D trajectory optimization and transmission scheduling for sensor data collection on uneven terrains

This paper considers a time-constrained data collection problem from a network of ground sensors located on uneven terrain by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),a typical Unmanned Aerial System(UAS).The ground sensors harvest renewable energy and are equipped with batteries and data buffers.The ground sensor model takes into account sensor data buffer and battery limitations.An asymptotically globally optimal method of joint UAV 3D trajectory optimization and data transmission schedule is developed.The developed method maximizes the amount of data transmitted to the UAV without losses and too long delays and minimizes the propulsion energy of the UAV.The developed algorithm of optimal trajectory optimization and transmission scheduling is based on dynamic programming.Computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Design of Wireless Multi-media Sensor Network for Precision Agriculture

To satisfy the needs of modem pre-cision agriculture, a Precision Agriculture Sensing System （PASS） is designed, which is based on wireless multimedia sensor network. Both hardware and software of PASS are tai-lored for sensing in wide farmland without human supervision. A dedicated single-chip sensor node platform is designed specially for wireless multi-media sensor network. To guarantee the bulky data transmission, a bit-map index reliable data transmission mecha-nism is proposed. And a battery-array switch-ing system is design to power the sensor node to elongate the lifetime. The effectiveness and performance of PASS have been evaluated through comprehensive experiments and large-scale real-life deployment.

Chaotic Pigeon Inspired Optimization Technique for Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)interlink numerous Sensor Nodes(SN)to support Internet of Things(loT)services.But the data gathered from SNs can be divulged,tempered,and forged.Conventional WSN data processes manage the data in a centralized format at terminal gadgets.These devices are prone to attacks and the security of systems can get compromised.Blockchain is a distributed and decentralized technique that has the ability to handle security issues in WSN.The security issues include transactions that may be copied and spread across numerous nodes in a peer-peer network system.This breaches the mutual trust and allows data immutability which in turn permits the network to go on.At some instances,few nodes die or get compromised due to heavy power utilization.The current article develops an Energy Aware Chaotic Pigeon Inspired Optimization based Clustering scheme for Blockchain assisted WSN technique abbreviated as EACPIO-CB technique.The primary objective of the proposed EACPIO-CB model is to proficiently group the sensor nodes into clusters and exploit Blockchain(BC)for inter-cluster communication in the network.To select ClusterHeads(CHs)and organize the clusters,the presented EACPIO-CB model designs a fitness function that involves distinct input parameters.Further,BC technology enables the communication between one CH and the other and with the Base Station(BS)in the network.The authors conducted comprehensive set of simulations and the outcomes were investigated under different aspects.The simulation results confirmed the better performance of EACPIO-CB method over recent methodologies.

DGR:dynamic gradient-based routing protocol for unbalanced and persistent data transmission in wireless sensor and actor networks

This paper is concerned with the routing protocol design for large-scale wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs).The actor-sensor-actor communication (ASAC) strategy is first proposed to guarantee the reliability of persistent actor-actor communication.To keep network connectivity and prolong network lifetime,we propose a dynamic gradient-based routing protocol (DGR) to balance the energy consumption of the network.With the different communication ranges of sensors and actors,the DGR protocol uses a data load expansion strategy to significantly prolong the network lifetime.The balance coefficient and the routing re-establishment threshold are also introduced to make the tradeoff between network lifetime and routing efficiency.Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed DGR protocol for unbalanced and persistent data transmission.

An emerging technology-wearable wireless sensor networks with applications in human health condition monitoring

Monitoring health conditions over a human body to detect anomalies is a multidisciplinary task,which involves anatomy,artificial intelligence,and sensing and computing networks.A wearable wireless sensor network(WWSN)turns into an emerging technology,which is capable of acquiring dynamic data related to a human body’s physiological conditions.The collected data can be applied to detect anomalies in a patient,so that he or she can receive an early alert about the adverse trend of the health condition,and doctors can take preventive actions accordingly.In this paper,a new WWSN for anomaly detections of health conditions has been proposed,system architecture and network has been discussed,the detecting model has been established and a set of algorithms have been developed to support the operation of the WWSN.The novelty of the detected model lies in its relevance to chronobiology.Anomalies of health conditions are contextual and assessed not only based on the time and spatial correlation of the collected data,but also based on mutual relations of the data streams from different sources of sensors.A new algorithm is proposed to identify anomalies using the following procedure:(1)collected raw data is preprocessed and transferred into a set of directed graphs to represent the correlations of data streams from different sensors;(2)the directed graphs are further analyzed to identify dissimilarities and frequency patterns;(3)health conditions are quantified by a coefficient number,which depends on the identified dissimilarities and patterns.The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed WWSN has been validated by experiments in detecting health anomalies including tachycardia,arrhythmia and myocardial infarction.

High-g Shocking Testing of the Martlet Wireless Sensing System

This article reports the latest development of a wireless sensing system,named Martlet,on high-g shock acceleration measurement.The Martlet sensing node design is based on a Texas Instruments Piccolo microcontroller,with clock frequency programmable up to 90 MHz.The high clock frequency of the microcontroller enables Martlet to support high-frequency data acquisition and high-speed onboard computation.In addition,the extensible design of the Martlet node conveniently allows incorporation of multiple sensor boards.In this study,a high-g accelerometer interface board is developed to allow Martlet to work with the selected microelectromechanical system(MEMS)high-g accelerometers.Besides low-pass and highpass filters,amplification gains are also implemented on the high-g accelerometer interface board.Laboratory impact experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the Martlet wireless sensing system with the high-g accelerometer board.The results of this study show that the performance of the wireless sensing system is comparable to the cabled system.

Enhancing Patients Outcomes and Infection Control through Smart Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Systems

Air pollution poses a critical threat to public health and environmental sustainability globally, and Nigeria is no exception. Despite significant economic growth and urban development, Nigeria faces substantial air quality challenges, particularly in urban centers. While outdoor air pollution has received considerable attention, the issue of indoor air quality remains underexplored yet equally critical. This study aims to develop a reliable, cost-effective, and user-friendly solution for continuous monitoring and reporting of indoor air quality, accessible from anywhere via a web interface. Addressing the urgent need for effective indoor air quality monitoring in urban hospitals, the research focuses on designing and implementing a smart indoor air quality monitoring system using Arduino technology. Employing an Arduino Uno, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, and MQ135 gas sensor, the system collects real-time air quality data, transmits it to the ThingSpeak cloud platform, and visualizes it through a user-friendly web interface. This project offers a cost-effective, portable, and reliable solution for monitoring indoor air quality, aiming to mitigate health risks and promote a healthier living environment.

Principle and realization method of tunnel deformation detection based on image recognition and data transmission technology

To detect the deformation of the tunnel structure based on image sensor networks is the advanced study and application of spatial sensor technology. For the vertical settlement of metro tunnel caused by internal and external stress after its long period operation, the overall scheme and measuring principle of tunnel deformation detection system is in- troduced. The image data acquisition and processing of detection target are achieved by the cooperative work of image sensor, ARM embedded system. RS485 communication achieves the data transmission between ARM memory and host computer. The database system in station platform analyses the detection data and obtains the deformation state of tunnel inner wall, which makes it possible to early-warn the tunnel deformation and take preventive measures in time.

A low-cost PDGNSS-based sensor network for landslide monitoring
challenges,possibilities,and prospects

Simple navigation receivers can be used for positioning with sub-centimeter accuracy in a wireless sensor network if the read-out of the carrier phase(CP)data is possible and all data are permanently broadcast to a central processing computer.At this base station an automated near real-time processing takes place and a precise differential GNSS-based positioning of the involved sensor nodes is computed.The paper describes the technical principles of such a system with its essential demands for the sensing,the communication,and the computing components.First experiences in a research project related to landslide monitoring are depicted.Of course the developed system can also be embedded for location finding in a widespread multifunctional geo sensor network.The quality of the obtained result is restricted due to the fact that the CP measurements must be recorded over a certain time span,usually a few minutes for every independent position solution.As far as possible a modular structure with commercial off-theshelf components,e.g.standard wireless local area network for communication,and in cooperation of existing proofed and powerful program tools is chosen.Open interfaces are used as far as possible.

Environmental Monitoring Systems: Review and Future Development

Monitoring and recording large time series of data and making them available for studying—are the key roles of environmental monitoring systems. This study produce review of three different measurement monitoring systems (NSUNET, WAHASTRAT and MERIEXWA) with same design, which were placed during different time frame in the Northern Serbia (Vojvodina Province). Each of three monitoring systems has different demands and requirements which were addressed accordingly in their design. Power supply conditions for two systems are primary cells and solar panels, while NSUNET has constant power supply only during nighttime. Data is transmitted in MERIEXWA using binary protocol, WAHASTRAT using http, while NSUNET sends data over ftp. Same topology is used in all systems—each node sends data directly to the central location (in case of NSUNET two locations are provided for backup purposes). NSUNET system sends data using specific structure and stores them as plain text files. It also has different approach for time synchronization and monitoring issues. The main result of this study is to present how to create system that provides good quality and unchanged data from monitoring sensor to the end user while maintaining whole data structure transmission costs low. Furthermore, data collected from NSUNET were used in order to assess the influence of urbanization on regional climate modification, which leads to the creation of urban climate. Propositions for new system development combining best from all three systems are discussed.

基于MEMS和无线通信的余震流动监测预警系统

余震作为地震后的主要次生灾害,对救援人员和受灾区域的安全构成严重威胁。为了有效监测余震活动并为救援行动提供及时信息,针对缺乏公共网络支持、需要高度机动性和适应复杂环境的监测背景,构建了一种基于MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System)传感器和无线通信技术的余震流动监测预警系统。该系统通过临时部署可移动的余震流动监测单元,实时采集和分析地震数据,增强对地震活动的监测、分析和预警能力。硬件设计方面,系统采用了高精度MEMS三轴加速度传感器作为地震数据采集端,通过24位模数转换芯片将模拟信号转换为数字信号,并利用单片机进行数据处理,使用本地存储和终端存储确保数据的安全性,使用无线通信技术将地震波形数据传输到余震监测中心。软件设计方面,系统嵌入支持向量机现地地震动峰值预测模型,以实现对现地地震动峰值的预测。系统测试结果表明:余震流动监测预警系统能够有效采集地震加速度数据,并准确预测地震动峰值,发出可靠警报。通过测试,系统显示出在余震监测预警中的准确性、时效性与可靠性,对于指导救援行动和保证救援安全具有重要的实际意义。

基于Wireless USB的数据采集系统设计

针对工业生产过程中大批量高速数据采集和实时传输处理的要求。采用Cypress公司的无线USB系统作为无线数据的射频收发模块,结合Cypress公司的EZ-USB系列芯片和Altera公司的ACEX1K系列FPGA芯片设计了一套数据信号采集和无线传输系统。主要阐述了整个系统的原理、硬件构建方法和软件部分的开发过程。

WirelessHART无线传感器网络系统的硬件设计与测试

由于Zig Bee终端节点功耗高、精度低、通信距离短等原因,以Wireless HART标准为平台,设计了无线通信、主板电路以及传感器等模块。对设备节点关键参数、设备节点入网以及无线传感器网络系统整体性能进行测试。测试结果表明:设计的Wireless HART设备节点相比Zig Bee终端节点功耗低、精度高、通信距离明显增加,节点可快速加入网关与上位机组建的Wireless HART网络并且完成数据传输。在干扰信号环境下,可通过增加少许供电电压、调整天线增益和延长测试时间来减小信号扰动,提高系统抗扰性。

Research on Intelligent Agricultural Planting System Based on Internet of Things Technology

Agriculture is the basic industry that concerns the national economy and people’s livelihood. In the process of transforming to modern agriculture, the traditional agriculture in our country faces the problems of ensuring the quality of agricultural production, adjusting agricultural industrial structures, improving the low production efficiency and low utilization rate of resources, and environmental pollution, thus it cannot meet the needs of sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, the research on intelligent agriculture technology is imperative. This paper analyzes the key technologies of Internet of things applied in the intelligent agriculture, presents the application of Internet of things technology in agricultural planting system, constructs the intelligent agricultural planting system based on the Internet of things technology, and designs the framework of the management platform.

基于CC1101的无线评分系统设计

为了解决各类竞赛活动评分数据收集困难、比赛过程不够公开透明、可能存在暗箱操作等问题,设计一种基于CC1101射频模块的无线评分系统。该系统以STC89C52单片机作为主控制器,将CC1101射频模块作为无线数据传输模块。整个系统由界面端软件、控制端软件、主机和多个从机构成,界面端用于显示评分结果,控制端用于设置和统计评分数据,主机用于转发从机发送的评分数据,从机用于评委输入评分数据。所设计系统电路结构简单、可扩展性强、界面简洁,具有制作成本低、操作便捷、维护难度低等特点,有广阔的市场前景和较高的应用价值。

基于无线网络的钩缓检修数据采集和传输系统

依据RFID数据识别与传输原理,设计基于无线网络的钩缓检修数据采集和传输系统,为用户掌握钩缓检修数据提供有效技术手段。首先采集钩缓检修数据,数据通过无线网络传输到中央处理器进行存储,然后采用数谱变换对钩缓检修数据进行识别,得到相同结构和参数的钩缓检修设备数据,使用报表管理、作业管理等模块实现钩缓检修数据管理。测试结果表明:该系统具备较为精准的钩缓检修数据采集能力和强大通信传输能力,可有效管理钩缓检修数据。