Evaluating the Efficacy of Latent Variables in Mitigating Data Poisoning Attacks in the Context of Bayesian Networks:An Empirical Study

Bayesian networks are a powerful class of graphical decision models used to represent causal relationships among variables.However,the reliability and integrity of learned Bayesian network models are highly dependent on the quality of incoming data streams.One of the primary challenges with Bayesian networks is their vulnerability to adversarial data poisoning attacks,wherein malicious data is injected into the training dataset to negatively influence the Bayesian network models and impair their performance.In this research paper,we propose an efficient framework for detecting data poisoning attacks against Bayesian network structure learning algorithms.Our framework utilizes latent variables to quantify the amount of belief between every two nodes in each causal model over time.We use our innovative methodology to tackle an important issue with data poisoning assaults in the context of Bayesian networks.With regard to four different forms of data poisoning attacks,we specifically aim to strengthen the security and dependability of Bayesian network structure learning techniques,such as the PC algorithm.By doing this,we explore the complexity of this area and offer workablemethods for identifying and reducing these sneaky dangers.Additionally,our research investigates one particular use case,the“Visit to Asia Network.”The practical consequences of using uncertainty as a way to spot cases of data poisoning are explored in this inquiry,which is of utmost relevance.Our results demonstrate the promising efficacy of latent variables in detecting and mitigating the threat of data poisoning attacks.Additionally,our proposed latent-based framework proves to be sensitive in detecting malicious data poisoning attacks in the context of stream data.

Kinematic Control of Serial Manipulators Under False Data Injection Attack

With advanced communication technologies,cyberphysical systems such as networked industrial control systems can be monitored and controlled by a remote control center via communication networks.While lots of benefits can be achieved with such a configuration,it also brings the concern of cyber attacks to the industrial control systems,such as networked manipulators that are widely adopted in industrial automation.For such systems,a false data injection attack on a control-center-to-manipulator(CC-M)communication channel is undesirable,and has negative effects on the manufacture quality.In this paper,we propose a resilient remote kinematic control method for serial manipulators undergoing a false data injection attack by leveraging the kinematic model.Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method can guarantee asymptotic convergence of the regulation error to zero in the presence of a type of false data injection attack.The efficacy of the proposed method is validated via simulations.

Residual-Based False Data Injection Attacks Against Multi-Sensor Estimation Systems

This paper investigates the security issue of multisensor remote estimation systems.An optimal stealthy false data injection(FDI)attack scheme based on historical and current residuals,which only tampers with the measurement residuals of partial sensors due to limited attack resources,is proposed to maximally degrade system estimation performance.The attack stealthiness condition is given,and then the estimation error covariance in compromised state is derived to quantify the system performance under attack.The optimal attack strategy is obtained by solving several convex optimization problems which maximize the trace of the compromised estimation error covariance subject to the stealthiness condition.Moreover,due to the constraint of attack resources,the selection principle of the attacked sensor is provided to determine which sensor is attacked so as to hold the most impact on system performance.Finally,simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.

Coot Optimization with Deep Learning-Based False Data Injection Attack Recognition

The recent developments in smart cities pose major security issues for the Internet of Things(IoT)devices.These security issues directly result from inappropriate security management protocols and their implementation by IoT gadget developers.Cyber-attackers take advantage of such gadgets’vulnerabilities through various attacks such as injection and Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks.In this background,Intrusion Detection(ID)is the only way to identify the attacks and mitigate their damage.The recent advancements in Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)models are useful in effectively classifying cyber-attacks.The current research paper introduces a new Coot Optimization Algorithm with a Deep Learning-based False Data Injection Attack Recognition(COADL-FDIAR)model for the IoT environment.The presented COADL-FDIAR technique aims to identify false data injection attacks in the IoT environment.To accomplish this,the COADL-FDIAR model initially preprocesses the input data and selects the features with the help of the Chi-square test.To detect and classify false data injection attacks,the Stacked Long Short-Term Memory(SLSTM)model is exploited in this study.Finally,the COA algorithm effectively adjusts the SLTSM model’s hyperparameters effectively and accomplishes a superior recognition efficiency.The proposed COADL-FDIAR model was experimentally validated using a standard dataset,and the outcomes were scrutinized under distinct aspects.The comparative analysis results assured the superior performance of the proposed COADL-FDIAR model over other recent approaches with a maximum accuracy of 98.84%.

Data complexity-based batch sanitization method against poison in distributed learning

The security of Federated Learning(FL)/Distributed Machine Learning(DML)is gravely threatened by data poisoning attacks,which destroy the usability of the model by contaminating training samples,so such attacks are called causative availability indiscriminate attacks.Facing the problem that existing data sanitization methods are hard to apply to real-time applications due to their tedious process and heavy computations,we propose a new supervised batch detection method for poison,which can fleetly sanitize the training dataset before the local model training.We design a training dataset generation method that helps to enhance accuracy and uses data complexity features to train a detection model,which will be used in an efficient batch hierarchical detection process.Our model stockpiles knowledge about poison,which can be expanded by retraining to adapt to new attacks.Being neither attack-specific nor scenario-specific,our method is applicable to FL/DML or other online or offline scenarios.

Passivity-Based Robust Control Against Quantified False Data Injection Attacks in Cyber-Physical Systems

Secure control against cyber attacks becomes increasingly significant in cyber-physical systems(CPSs).False data injection attacks are a class of cyber attacks that aim to compromise CPS functions by injecting false data such as sensor measurements and control signals.For quantified false data injection attacks,this paper establishes an effective defense framework from the energy conversion perspective.Then,we design an energy controller to dynamically adjust the system energy changes caused by unknown attacks.The designed energy controller stabilizes the attacked CPSs and ensures the dynamic performance of the system by adjusting the amount of damping injection.Moreover,with the disturbance attenuation technique,the burden of control system design is simplified because there is no need to design an attack observer.In addition,this secure control method is simple to implement because it avoids complicated mathematical operations.The effectiveness of our control method is demonstrated through an industrial CPS that controls a permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Intelligent data attacks against power systems using incomplete network information: a review

With the integration of information technologies, power system operations are increasingly threatened by cyber-attacks. It has even been revealed that an attacker can inject false data into real-time measurements stealthily without knowing the full configuration(e.g., network topology) of a power system. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on false data injection attacks which utilize barrier conditions, blind identification techniques and data driven approaches to overcome limitations of incomplete network information. We also point out future research topics for facilitating the detection and prevention of such false data attacks.

Anomaly Detection Based on Data-Mining for Routing Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

With the increasing deployment of wireless sensordevices and networks,security becomes a criticalchallenge for sensor networks.In this paper,a schemeusing data mining is proposed for routing anomalydetection in wireless sensor networks.The schemeuses the Apriori algorithm to extract traffic patternsfrom both routing table and network traffic packetsand subsequently the K-means cluster algorithmadaptively generates a detection model.Through thecombination of these two algorithms,routing attackscan be detected effectively and automatically.Themain advantage of the proposed approach is that it isable to detect new attacks that have not previouslybeen seen.Moreover,the proposed detection schemeis based on no priori knowledge and then can beapplied to a wide range of different sensor networksfor a variety of routing attacks.

DEEPNOISE:Learning Sensor and Process Noise to Detect Data Integrity Attacks in CPS

Cyber-physical systems(CPS)have been widely deployed in critical infrastructures and are vulnerable to various attacks.Data integrity attacks manipulate sensor measurements and cause control systems to fail,which are one of the prominent threats to CPS.Anomaly detection methods are proposed to secure CPS.However,existing anomaly detection studies usually require expert knowledge(e.g.,system model-based)or are lack of interpretability(e.g.,deep learning-based).In this paper,we present DEEPNOISE,a deep learning-based anomaly detection method for CPS with interpretability.Specifically,we utilize the sensor and process noise to detect data integrity attacks.Such noise represents the intrinsic characteristics of physical devices and the production process in CPS.One key enabler is that we use a robust deep autoencoder to automatically extract the noise from measurement data.Further,an LSTM-based detector is designed to inspect the obtained noise and detect anomalies.Data integrity attacks change noise patterns and thus are identified as the root cause of anomalies by DEEPNOISE.Evaluated on the SWaT testbed,DEEPNOISE achieves higher accuracy and recall compared with state-of-the-art model-based and deep learningbased methods.On average,when detecting direct attacks,the precision is 95.47%,the recall is 96.58%,and F_(1) is 95.98%.When detecting stealthy attacks,precision,recall,and F_(1) scores are between 96% and 99.5%.

DISTINIT:Data poISoning atTacks dectectIon usiNg optIized jaCcard disTance

Machine Learning(ML)systems often involve a re-training process to make better predictions and classifications.This re-training process creates a loophole and poses a security threat for ML systems.Adversaries leverage this loophole and design data poisoning attacks against ML systems.Data poisoning attacks are a type of attack in which an adversary manipulates the training dataset to degrade the ML system’s performance.Data poisoning attacks are challenging to detect,and even more difficult to respond to,particularly in the Internet of Things(IoT)environment.To address this problem,we proposed DISTINIT,the first proactive data poisoning attack detection framework using distancemeasures.We found that Jaccard Distance(JD)can be used in the DISTINIT(among other distance measures)and we finally improved the JD to attain an Optimized JD(OJD)with lower time and space complexity.Our security analysis shows that the DISTINIT is secure against data poisoning attacks by considering key features of adversarial attacks.We conclude that the proposed OJD-based DISTINIT is effective and efficient against data poisoning attacks where in-time detection is critical for IoT applications with large volumes of streaming data.

Attacks and Countermeasures in Social Network Data Publishing

With the increasing prevalence of social networks, more and more social network data are published for many applications, such as social network analysis and data mining. However, this brings privacy problems. For example, adversaries can get sensitive information of some individuals easily with little background knowledge. How to publish social network data for analysis purpose while preserving the privacy of individuals has raised many concerns. Many algorithms have been proposed to address this issue. In this paper, we discuss this privacy problem from two aspects： attack models and countermeasures. We analyse privacy conceres, model the background knowledge that adversary may utilize and review the recently developed attack models. We then survey the state-of-the-art privacy preserving methods in two categories： anonymization methods and differential privacy methods. We also provide research directions in this area.

Optimal Hybrid Deep Learning Enabled Attack Detection and Classificationin IoT Environment

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm enables end users to accessnetworking services amongst diverse kinds of electronic devices. IoT securitymechanism is a technology that concentrates on safeguarding the devicesand networks connected in the IoT environment. In recent years, False DataInjection Attacks (FDIAs) have gained considerable interest in the IoT environment.Cybercriminals compromise the devices connected to the networkand inject the data. Such attacks on the IoT environment can result in a considerableloss and interrupt normal activities among the IoT network devices.The FDI attacks have been effectively overcome so far by conventional threatdetection techniques. The current research article develops a Hybrid DeepLearning to Combat Sophisticated False Data Injection Attacks detection(HDL-FDIAD) for the IoT environment. The presented HDL-FDIAD modelmajorly recognizes the presence of FDI attacks in the IoT environment.The HDL-FDIAD model exploits the Equilibrium Optimizer-based FeatureSelection (EO-FS) technique to select the optimal subset of the features.Moreover, the Long Short Term Memory with Recurrent Neural Network(LSTM-RNN) model is also utilized for the purpose of classification. At last,the Bayesian Optimization (BO) algorithm is employed as a hyperparameteroptimizer in this study. To validate the enhanced performance of the HDLFDIADmodel, a wide range of simulations was conducted, and the resultswere investigated in detail. A comparative study was conducted between theproposed model and the existing models. The outcomes revealed that theproposed HDL-FDIAD model is superior to other models.

Data Mining Based Cyber-Attack Detection

Detecting cyber-attacks undoubtedly has become a big data problem. This paper presents a tutorial on data mining based cyber-attack detection. First,a data driven defence framework is presented in terms of cyber security situational awareness. Then, the process of data mining based cyber-attack detection is discussed. Next,a multi-loop learning architecture is presented for data mining based cyber-attack detection. Finally,common data mining techniques for cyber-attack detection are discussed.

基于主动欺骗的反勒索软件方法

考虑到勒索软件对数据安全构成的严重威胁及其攻击手段的日益智能化和复杂化,针对传统防御方法的局限性,提出了一种基于主动欺骗的反勒索软件方法。结合静态启发式算法和动态启发式算法对欺骗文件进行动态部署,在此基础上建立了基于主动欺骗的动态文件安全模型。针对不同风险级别的勒索软件,采用不同的策略生成动态欺骗文件,通过模拟真实数据的特征来迷惑勒索软件,使其无法区分真实数据和欺骗数据,从而保护用户的真实数据不被加密或破坏。实验结果表明,所提方法有效增加了文件的动态性、多样性和欺骗性,大幅扩展了数据攻击面的转换空间,能够有效地抵御勒索软件攻击。

大数据时代计算机网络信息安全探讨

随着科技的不断发展,大数据时代已经到来,大数据技术广泛用于各行各业,为社会带来巨大的变革。然而,与大数据的快速发展相伴而生的是计算机网络信息安全问题的加剧。大数据时代网络安全问题的复杂性和严重性不容忽视,需要我们认真思考并采取有效措施应对。文章将探讨大数据时代对计算机网络信息安全的挑战,并提出一些关键策略以确保信息安全。

基于自适应生成对抗网络的智能电网状态重构的虚假数据攻击检测

考虑到电力系统与能源互联网的深度耦合,虚假数据注入攻击对电力系统的威胁不断提升。文章针对虚假数据注入攻击(false data injection attack,FDIA)设计自适应生成对抗网络(adaptive generative adversarial networks,AGAN)状态重构的虚假数据注入攻击检测方法。该方法在生成对抗网络(generative adversarial networks,GAN)基础上融入卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)以及自适应约束下的自注意力机制(self-attention,SA),实现节点间全局参考性,从而实现状态的有效重构和异常状态的准确预测;根据AGAN的异常数据预测结果设计结合网络判别值的检测逻辑。最后,在IEEE14节点的电力系统上验证所提方法的有效性,且对比GAN、CNN,AGAN重构的平均绝对百分比误差为0.0001%,检测准确率可达到98%。

Forecasting Shark Attack Risk Using AI: A Deep Learning Approach

This study aimed to develop a predictive model utilizing available data to forecast the risk of future shark attacks, making this critical information accessible for everyday public use. Employing a deep learning/neural network methodology, the system was designed to produce a binary output that is subsequently classified into categories of low, medium, or high risk. A significant challenge encountered during the study was the identification and procurement of appropriate historical and forecasted marine weather data, which is integral to the model’s accuracy. Despite these challenges, the results of the study were startlingly optimistic, showcasing the model’s ability to predict with impressive accuracy. In conclusion, the developed forecasting tool not only offers promise in its immediate application but also sets a robust precedent for the adoption and adaptation of similar predictive systems in various analogous use cases in the marine environment and beyond.

Cybersecurity Attacks on Academic Data and Personal Information and the Mediating Role of Education and Employment

The cyberspace has simultaneously presented opportunities and challenges alike for personal data security and privacy, as well as the process of research and learning. Moreover, information such as academic data, research data, personal data, proprietary knowledge, complex equipment designs and blueprints for yet to be patented products has all become extremely susceptible to Cybersecurity attacks. This research will investigate factors that affect that may have an influence on perceived ease of use of Cybersecurity, the influence of perceived ease of use on the attitude towards using Cybersecurity, the influence of attitude towards using Cybersecurity on the actual use of Cybersecurity and the influences of job positions on perceived ease of use of Cybersecurity and on the attitude towards using Cybersecurity and on the actual use of Cybersecurity. A model was constructed to investigate eight hypotheses that are related to the investigation. An online questionnaire was constructed to collect data and results showed that hypotheses 1 to 7 influence were significant. However, hypothesis 8 turned out to be insignificant and no influence was found between job positions and the actual use of Cybersecurity.

国际恐怖主义形势下我国恐怖袭击的特点与趋势研究

在国际恐怖主义新形势下,客观分析我国恐怖袭击的现状和趋势,有助于开展反恐研究和做好反恐防范工作。以我国的95起恐怖袭击案件为样本,选取袭击时间、袭击目标、袭击手段、袭击方式、作案人数、伤亡人数等维度进行深度数据挖掘。基于数据的挖掘结果,得出我国恐怖主义活动逐渐呈现出袭击目标郊区偏远化、袭击手段简易科技化、袭击方式军事战术化、作案人员隐蔽家族化、作案组合小型独狼化、袭击时间全天夜间化等新特点、新变化;不同袭击手段、袭击时间、作案人数与袭击目标均具有一定的关联性。

基于多源数据聚合的神经网络侧信道攻击

基于深度学习的侧信道攻击需要针对密码算法的每一个密钥字节建模并训练,数据采集和模型训练开销大.针对该问题,提出一种基于多源数据聚合的神经网络侧信道攻击方法.为筛选具有良好泛化效果的密钥字节泄露数据进行数据聚合,以AES-128算法为例,先基于16个密钥字节的泄露数据训练16个单密钥字节模型,分别实现对16个密钥字节的恢复;其次,设计一种打分机制评估各单密钥字节模型的泛化效果,通过得分排序筛选出对各密钥字节恢复效果最好的单密钥字节模型;最后,以筛选模型所对应的各密钥字节泄露数据集构建多源数据聚合模型进行训练,实现密钥恢复.实验测试结果表明,多源数据聚合模型具有良好的泛化效果,有效提高了密钥恢复的准确率和效率,降低了恢复密钥所需的能量迹数量,其在采集能量迹较少的情况下依然具有较好的攻击效果.