Based on research concerning dynamic relationships of winter wheat growth to environments and production conditions, a winter wheat model for selecting suitable sowing date, population density and sowing rate under di...Based on research concerning dynamic relationships of winter wheat growth to environments and production conditions, a winter wheat model for selecting suitable sowing date, population density and sowing rate under different varieties, spatial and temporal environments was developed. Case studies on sowing date with the data sets of five different eco-sites, three climatic years and soil fertility levels, and on population density and sowing rate with the data sets of two different variety types, three different soil types, soil fertility levels, sowing dates and grain yield levels indicate a good model performance for decision-making.展开更多
Projected changes in weather parameters, mainly temperature and rainfall, have already started to show their effect on agricultural production. To cope with the changing scenarios, adoption of appropriate management s...Projected changes in weather parameters, mainly temperature and rainfall, have already started to show their effect on agricultural production. To cope with the changing scenarios, adoption of appropriate management strategies is of paramount importance. A study was undertaken to evaluate the most appropriate combination of sowing date and phosphorus fertilization level for peanut crops grown in sandy loam soil in a subhumid region of eastern India. Field experiments were conducted during the summer seasons of 2012 and 2013 on peanut crops at the farm of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The DSSAT v4.5 CROPGRO-Peanut model was used to predict the phenology, growth, and yield of peanut crop under combinations of four sowing dates and four phosphorus fertilization levels. The model was calibrated with a 2012 dataset of growth, phenology, and yield parameters for estimating the genetic coefficients of cultivar TMV-2 and was validated with a 2013 dataset of the same parameters. Simulations of pod yield and other yield parameters using the calibrated model were found to be quite accurate. The model was able to reasonably simulate pod yield and final biomass with low normalized root mean square error (RMSE_n), low absolute root mean square error (RMSE_a) and high coefficient of determination (R^2> 0.7) over a wide range of sowing dates and different phosphorus fertilization levels sensitivity analysis indicated that sowing from the second week of January to the end of February with 30–50 kg P_2O_5 ha^(-1)would give the highest pod yield.展开更多
植物物候记录了植物重复生命周期事件的发生时间,是指示全球变化的重要指标。植物物候研究有助于理解生态系统对全球变化的响应,也是模拟陆地生态系统的物质和能量平衡的重要基础。本数据集基于过去70年欧洲物候项目(Pan European Pheno...植物物候记录了植物重复生命周期事件的发生时间,是指示全球变化的重要指标。植物物候研究有助于理解生态系统对全球变化的响应,也是模拟陆地生态系统的物质和能量平衡的重要基础。本数据集基于过去70年欧洲物候项目(Pan European Phenology Project,PEP725)整编的6种代表性木本植物的地面观测物候数据,采用三种考虑春季冷激和积温累积过程的物候模型(Unified、Unichill和时空耦合模型)在大洲尺度上对物候数据进行建模和分析,研制了欧洲地区代表性木本植物格网物候数据集。本数据集包含1951–2021年欧洲地区(34°57′N–72°3′N,25°3′W–40°3′E)6种木本植物的逐年展叶始期和开花始期格网数据,空间分辨率为0.1°,时间分辨率为天。数据集的质量评估表明,欧洲地区各物种展叶始期和开花始期平均误差分别为7.9和7.6天,与其他区域尺度研究中春季物候的模拟误差接近,因此本文格网物候数据具有较高的模拟精度。本数据集旨在更好地表征欧洲地区大洲尺度植物物候的时空格局,为区域其他来源的植物物候数据产品提供有价值的验证参考,亦可为全球变化和陆地生态系统模拟等研究领域提供支撑物候数据。展开更多
多功能相控阵雷达具有灵活性强、跟踪能力强的优势。为了提高相控阵雷达目标跟踪器精确度,进行相控阵雷达能量调节和任务执行的科学管理,通过合理调整机动目标和非机动目标的回访率,进而实现搜索、跟踪时间资源管理。设计了广义概率数...多功能相控阵雷达具有灵活性强、跟踪能力强的优势。为了提高相控阵雷达目标跟踪器精确度,进行相控阵雷达能量调节和任务执行的科学管理,通过合理调整机动目标和非机动目标的回访率,进而实现搜索、跟踪时间资源管理。设计了广义概率数据关联-交互式多模型(Generalized Probability Data Association-Interacting Multiple Model, GPDA-IMM)算法,GPDA运算量小,IMM综合了无迹和容积卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波多模型滤波的特点,且优化权重因子,达到了较好跟踪性能。最后,通过仿真平台模拟8个运动目标的现实场景,结合时间管理和目标跟踪调整回访率,进行大量的仿真实验,证明了算法对不同目标类型和机动状态的有效性和实用性。展开更多
This paper discusses the Rb-Sr geochemical behaviour of illites in the sedimentary process, and points out that illites of the lmd and lm types could reach Sr-isotopic equilibrium with its environmental medium during ...This paper discusses the Rb-Sr geochemical behaviour of illites in the sedimentary process, and points out that illites of the lmd and lm types could reach Sr-isotopic equilibrium with its environmental medium during the sedimentary process and initial stage of diagenesis, and illite grains of different sizes have various Rb contents. A new dating method for sedimentary rocks----a dating model of illite grain Rb-Sr isochron----is established, in consideration of the geochemical process of Sr-isotopic homogenization and differentiation in the course of their formation and evolution. In addition, the paper concerns the application of the dating model to the Precambrian unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks in western Henan Province, which gives satisfactory results coincident with the geological facts.展开更多
The method to determine the surface albedo using satellite date hasbeen developed and discussed. The relatons betwam the planetary albedo andsurfoce albedo in clear skies are derived with the help of the radiative ...The method to determine the surface albedo using satellite date hasbeen developed and discussed. The relatons betwam the planetary albedo andsurfoce albedo in clear skies are derived with the help of the radiative transfermodelling. To improve the accuracy of the denved surfoce albedo, theparameter X0, i.e., the ratio of the reflected to the total extinction radiation isintroduced into this model. The influences of the model paramenters on thesurfoce albedo have been analyzed. It is found that the error in the derivedsurfoce albedo due to the paramaters together is less than that caused by oulyone parameter because of the complementarity of the parameters. Test resultsin 22 stations over China have been given using the Geostationary SatelliteGMS. The results are generally agreeable except for the case of snow/ice cover.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30030090) National“863”Plans of China(2001AA245041,2001AA115420).
文摘Based on research concerning dynamic relationships of winter wheat growth to environments and production conditions, a winter wheat model for selecting suitable sowing date, population density and sowing rate under different varieties, spatial and temporal environments was developed. Case studies on sowing date with the data sets of five different eco-sites, three climatic years and soil fertility levels, and on population density and sowing rate with the data sets of two different variety types, three different soil types, soil fertility levels, sowing dates and grain yield levels indicate a good model performance for decision-making.
基金The authors are thankful to the Agricultural and Food Engineering Department of the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India for providing facilities to conduct experiments.The authors acknowledge the India Meteorological Department, India for installing an automatic weather stationat the institute.
文摘Projected changes in weather parameters, mainly temperature and rainfall, have already started to show their effect on agricultural production. To cope with the changing scenarios, adoption of appropriate management strategies is of paramount importance. A study was undertaken to evaluate the most appropriate combination of sowing date and phosphorus fertilization level for peanut crops grown in sandy loam soil in a subhumid region of eastern India. Field experiments were conducted during the summer seasons of 2012 and 2013 on peanut crops at the farm of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The DSSAT v4.5 CROPGRO-Peanut model was used to predict the phenology, growth, and yield of peanut crop under combinations of four sowing dates and four phosphorus fertilization levels. The model was calibrated with a 2012 dataset of growth, phenology, and yield parameters for estimating the genetic coefficients of cultivar TMV-2 and was validated with a 2013 dataset of the same parameters. Simulations of pod yield and other yield parameters using the calibrated model were found to be quite accurate. The model was able to reasonably simulate pod yield and final biomass with low normalized root mean square error (RMSE_n), low absolute root mean square error (RMSE_a) and high coefficient of determination (R^2> 0.7) over a wide range of sowing dates and different phosphorus fertilization levels sensitivity analysis indicated that sowing from the second week of January to the end of February with 30–50 kg P_2O_5 ha^(-1)would give the highest pod yield.
文摘植物物候记录了植物重复生命周期事件的发生时间,是指示全球变化的重要指标。植物物候研究有助于理解生态系统对全球变化的响应,也是模拟陆地生态系统的物质和能量平衡的重要基础。本数据集基于过去70年欧洲物候项目(Pan European Phenology Project,PEP725)整编的6种代表性木本植物的地面观测物候数据,采用三种考虑春季冷激和积温累积过程的物候模型(Unified、Unichill和时空耦合模型)在大洲尺度上对物候数据进行建模和分析,研制了欧洲地区代表性木本植物格网物候数据集。本数据集包含1951–2021年欧洲地区(34°57′N–72°3′N,25°3′W–40°3′E)6种木本植物的逐年展叶始期和开花始期格网数据,空间分辨率为0.1°,时间分辨率为天。数据集的质量评估表明,欧洲地区各物种展叶始期和开花始期平均误差分别为7.9和7.6天,与其他区域尺度研究中春季物候的模拟误差接近,因此本文格网物候数据具有较高的模拟精度。本数据集旨在更好地表征欧洲地区大洲尺度植物物候的时空格局,为区域其他来源的植物物候数据产品提供有价值的验证参考,亦可为全球变化和陆地生态系统模拟等研究领域提供支撑物候数据。
文摘多功能相控阵雷达具有灵活性强、跟踪能力强的优势。为了提高相控阵雷达目标跟踪器精确度,进行相控阵雷达能量调节和任务执行的科学管理,通过合理调整机动目标和非机动目标的回访率,进而实现搜索、跟踪时间资源管理。设计了广义概率数据关联-交互式多模型(Generalized Probability Data Association-Interacting Multiple Model, GPDA-IMM)算法,GPDA运算量小,IMM综合了无迹和容积卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波多模型滤波的特点,且优化权重因子,达到了较好跟踪性能。最后,通过仿真平台模拟8个运动目标的现实场景,结合时间管理和目标跟踪调整回访率,进行大量的仿真实验,证明了算法对不同目标类型和机动状态的有效性和实用性。
基金This research was financially supported by the Academia Sinica Foundation
文摘This paper discusses the Rb-Sr geochemical behaviour of illites in the sedimentary process, and points out that illites of the lmd and lm types could reach Sr-isotopic equilibrium with its environmental medium during the sedimentary process and initial stage of diagenesis, and illite grains of different sizes have various Rb contents. A new dating method for sedimentary rocks----a dating model of illite grain Rb-Sr isochron----is established, in consideration of the geochemical process of Sr-isotopic homogenization and differentiation in the course of their formation and evolution. In addition, the paper concerns the application of the dating model to the Precambrian unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks in western Henan Province, which gives satisfactory results coincident with the geological facts.
文摘The method to determine the surface albedo using satellite date hasbeen developed and discussed. The relatons betwam the planetary albedo andsurfoce albedo in clear skies are derived with the help of the radiative transfermodelling. To improve the accuracy of the denved surfoce albedo, theparameter X0, i.e., the ratio of the reflected to the total extinction radiation isintroduced into this model. The influences of the model paramenters on thesurfoce albedo have been analyzed. It is found that the error in the derivedsurfoce albedo due to the paramaters together is less than that caused by oulyone parameter because of the complementarity of the parameters. Test resultsin 22 stations over China have been given using the Geostationary SatelliteGMS. The results are generally agreeable except for the case of snow/ice cover.
