Finite-time economic model predictive control for optimal load dispatch and frequency regulation in interconnected power systems

This paper presents a finite-time economic model predictive control(MPC)algorithm that can be used for frequency regulation and optimal load dispatch in multi-area power systems.Economic MPC can be used in a power system to ensure frequency stability,real-time economic optimization,control of the system and optimal load dispatch from it.A generalized terminal penalty term was used,and the finite-time convergence of the system was guaranteed.The effectiveness of the proposed model predictive control algorithm was verified by simulating a power system,which had two areas connected by an AC tie line.The simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Optimal dispatching method for integrated energy system based on robust economic model predictive control considering source-load power interval prediction

Effective source-load prediction and reasonable dispatching are crucial to realize the economic and reliable operations of integrated energy systems(IESs).They can overcome the challenges introduced by the uncertainties of new energies and various types of loads in the IES.Accordingly,a robust optimal dispatching method for the IES based on a robust economic model predictive control(REMPC)strategy considering source-load power interval prediction is proposed.First,an operation model of the IES is established,and an interval prediction model based on the bidirectional long short-term memory network optimized by beetle antenna search and bootstrap is formulated and applied to predict the photovoltaic power and the cooling,heating,and electrical loads.Then,an optimal dispatching scheme based on REMPC is devised for the IES.The source-load interval prediction results are used to improve the robustness of the REPMC and reduce the influence of source-load uncertainties on dispatching.An actual IES case is selected to conduct simulations;the results show that compared with other prediction techniques,the proposed method has higher prediction interval coverage probability and prediction interval normalized averaged width.Moreover,the operational cost of the IES is decreased by the REMPC strategy.With the devised dispatching scheme,the ability of the IES to handle the dispatching risk caused by prediction errors is enhanced.Improved dispatching robustness and operational economy are also achieved.

A Chance Constrained Optimal Reserve Scheduling Approach for Economic Dispatch Considering Wind Penetration

The volatile wind power generation brings a full spectrum of problems to power system operation and management, ranging from transient system frequency fluctuation to steady state supply and demand balancing issue. In this paper, a novel wind integrated power system day-ahead economic dispatch model, with the consideration of generation and reserve cost is modelled and investigated. The proposed problem is first formulated as a chance constrained stochastic nonlinear programming(CCSNLP), and then transformed into a deterministic nonlinear programming(NLP). To tackle this NLP problem, a three-stage framework consists of particle swarm optimization(PSO), sequential quadratic programming(SQP) and Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) is proposed. The PSO is employed to heuristically search the line power flow limits, which are used by the SQP as constraints to solve the NLP problem. Then the solution from SQP is verified on benchmark system by using MCS. Finally, the verified results are feedback to the PSO as fitness value to update the particles. Simulation study on IEEE30-bus system with wind power penetration is carried out, and the results demonstrate that the proposed dispatch model could be effectively solved by the proposed three-stage approach.

Economic Dispatch with Multiple Fuel Options Using CCF

This paper presents an efficient analytical approach using Composite Cost Function (CCF) for solving the Economic Dispatch problem with Multiple Fuel Options (EDMFO). The solution methodology comprises two stages. Firstly, the CCF of the plant is developed and the most economical fuel of each set can be easily identified for any load demand. In the next stage, for the selected fuels, CCF is evaluated and the optimal scheduling is obtained. The Proposed Method (PM) has been tested on the standard ten-generation set system;each set consists of two or three fuel options. The total fuel cost obtained by the PM is compared with earlier reports in order to validate its effectiveness. The comparison clears that this approach is a promising alterna-tive for solving EDMFO problems in practical power system.

基于奖惩阶梯型碳价机制的能源枢纽低碳优化策略

为进一步降低碳排放水平以及源-荷不确定性对系统运行的影响,文中提出一种基于奖惩阶梯型碳价机制和分布式模型预测控制(distributed model predictive control,DMPC)的能源枢纽(energy hub,EH)日前-日内-实时多时间尺度低碳优化调度策略。引入奖惩阶梯型碳价计算方法,构建EH日前低碳优化调度模型,并制定基于DMPC的日内滚动和实时调整的反馈闭环优化策略,降低源-荷预测误差,提高传统模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)的求解效率。在日内阶段,构建以阶梯型碳成本、运行成本和储能调整惩罚成本之和最小为目标的日内滚动优化模型;在实时阶段,分解整体优化问题,建立基于DMPC的多智能体实时调整模型。算例结果表明,文中所提策略能够有效提升系统经济效益,降低源-荷不确定性,实现EH的低碳经济、稳定可靠运行。

计及调节资源AGC动态特性的离散-连续时间随机前瞻经济调度

随着具有波动性的可再生能源渗透比例不断提高,系统对调频备用的需求显著增加。为了制定更合理的调度方案和调频备用,有必要研究经济调度和自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)之间的协调优化。该文提出建立考虑调节资源AGC动态特性的离散-连续时间随机前瞻经济调度模型,以制定兼顾能量平衡和调频需求的调度决策,并实现快慢资源的最优协同,增强系统的动态调节能力。为降低模型复杂度,在当前时段将调节资源的AGC动态特性建模为精细化离散模型,在前瞻时段采用简化的连续时间模型刻画调节资源的AGC动态特性,显著降低问题规模。通过在目标函数中引入合适的储能充放电成本惩罚项,将储能充放电互补约束松弛,从而消除01变量。最后,采用Benders分解算法实现并行求解,进一步降低了计算时间。该文在PJM5节点系统和IEEE118节点系统进行算例验证。结果表明,与传统模型相比,所提模型可以有效降低系统的频率偏差;与在前瞻时段考虑精细化AGC动态约束的模型相比,所提模型可显著降低计算时间。

基于模型预测控制的源荷储低碳经济调度

为提高电力系统风电消纳的经济性以及实现低碳排放的目标,基于模型预测控制方法,构建了多时间尺度下含碳捕集电厂的源荷储低碳经济调度模型。源侧分析碳捕集电厂的运行机理及能量时移特性;荷侧根据需求响应时间尺度的差异性,调用不同响应速度的价格型、动态激励型需求响应资源分别参与日前-日内调度;储能快速调整充放电功率提高运行经济性,日前调度以运行成本和碳排放量最小为目标,通过协调调度源荷储资源优化系统各单元出力计划。日内调度在滚动优化平滑功率波动的基础上,以跟踪和修正日前调度计划为目标,实时应对风光和负荷的功率波动,通过算例验证所提方法可降低运行成本和碳排放量,实现对经济与低碳协同优化。

基于大语言模型绿电预测和绿电交易的园区综合能源系统集群多目标协同运行方法

为实现传统工业园区数字化和智能化升级,助力区域高质量发展,亟需园区智能化调度模型。为此,该文结合智慧园区管理系统和园区综合能源系统物理模型建立园区综合能源系统集群架构,提出了园区综合能源系统集群绿电交易三阶段协同运行方法,以解决多园区综合能源系统绿电交易的问题,实现分布式绿电的精准预测以及就地消纳。首先,基于大语言模型LLAMA-7B实现绿电预测,进一步以绿电功率划分购售电园区。其次,基于绿电价格配额曲线预测模型和动态绿电定价策略,制定园区间绿电交易差异价格。在此基础上,建立了多目标低碳经济优化运行模型,从而解决绿电交易所带来的经济因素和环境因素的矛盾问题。算例分析表明:所提出的模型可以统筹规划园区综合能源系统集群的经济成本、实际碳排放量和新能源利用率,对多园区综合能源系统的智能调度具有积极的推动作用。

Distributionally Robust Economic Dispatch Using IDM for Integrated Electricity-heat-gas Microgrid Considering Wind Power

Multi-energy microgrids,such as integrated electricity-heat-gas microgrids(IEHS-MG),have been widely recognized as one of the most convenient ways to connect wind power(WP).However,the inherent intermittency and uncertainty of WP still render serious power curtailment in the operation.To this end,this paper presents an IEHS-MG model equipped with power-to-gas technology,thermal storage,electricity storage,and an electrical boiler for improving WP utilization efficiency.Moreover,a two-stage distributionally robust economic dispatch model is constructed for the IEHSMG,with the objective of minimizing total operational costs.The first stage determines the day-ahead decisions including on/off state and set-point decisions.The second stage adjusts the day-ahead decision according to real-time WP realization.Furthermore,WP uncertainty is characterized through an Imprecise Dirichlet model(IDM)based ambiguity set.Finally,Column-and-Constraints Generation method is utilized to solve the model,which provides a day-ahead economic dispatch strategy that immunizes against the worst-case WP distributions.Case studies demonstrate the presented IEHS-MG model outperforms traditional IEHS-MG model in terms of WP utilization and dispatch economics,and that distributionally robust optimization can handle uncertainty effectively.

基于全生命周期管理的离网型风光储交流微电网的双层优化调度策略

以新能源为主体的微电网系统存在前期资本投入大、电网刚性不足等问题,特别是离网型微电网由于失去大电网的支撑,安全稳定运行面临更大的挑战。本文针对离网型交流微电网设计了双层调度策略,即经济最优化日前调度和日内稳定运行实时调度,在多时间尺度下灵活规划发电主体出力。首先,日前调度以微电网经济性运行为目标,利用全生命周期理论建立经济模型,计及储能电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)对寿命的影响;其次,日内实时调度以供电稳定性为目标,充分考虑预测误差给系统带来的可能性崩溃,利用储能PQ源实时修正VF源的功率偏差,改善储能VF源的健康状态;最后,通过算例仿真,得到满足微电网经济、稳定运行的综合优化调度方案,并验证了该策略的有效性和合理性。

Real-time microgrid economic dispatch based on model predictive control strategy

To deal with uncertainties of renewable energy,demand and price signals in real-time microgrid operation,this paper proposes a model predictive control strategy for microgrid economic dispatch, where hourly schedule is constantly optimized according to the current system state and latest forecast information. Moreover, implicit network topology of the microgrid and corresponding power flow constraints are considered, which leads to a mixed integer nonlinear optimal power flow problem. Given the non-convexity feature of the original problem, the technique of conic programming is applied to efficiently crack the nut. Simulation results from a reconstructed IEEE-33 bus system and comparisons with the routine day-ahead microgrid schedule sufficiently substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed MPC strategy and the conic programming method.

面向交直流混联电网的虚假数据注入攻击策略优化

虚假数据注入(false data injection,FDI)攻击是对电力系统运行影响较为严重的一种攻击。目前已有对交直流混联电网的FDI攻击方法的研究,但仍缺乏对交直流混联电网攻击策略的优化研究。为此,文中提出了面向交直流混联电网的FDI攻击策略优化方法。首先,建立以FDI攻击损失最大为目标的双层优化模型,上层模型以电力系统经济损失最大为目标对FDI攻击策略进行优化;下层模型以发电机出力调整量和切负荷量最小为目标计算FDI攻击下的最大经济损失,考虑交直流混联电网安全约束和换相失败风险。然后,采用遗传算法对优化模型进行求解,生成最优攻击策略。最后,以改进的IEEE 14节点系统为例验证了模型的有效性。仿真结果表明,优化后的攻击策略能够显著提高安全约束经济调度(security constrained economic dispatch,SCED)的运行成本。

碳排放配额分配规则对煤电收益的影响研究

依据中国煤电现状及碳电市场发展趋势,在6种碳价及3种传导率组合的碳配额分配规则下,利用经济调度模型对1000 MW、600 MW和300 MW燃煤机组发电收益影响进行模拟研究。结果表明,300 MW机组对配额基准线与拍卖比例的变化较为敏感。在碳价为50.0元/t、79.9元/t及碳价传导率为20%的碳电市场耦合初期阶段下,配额基准线下降至0.74 t CO_(2)/(MW·h)或拍卖比例升高至50%,300 MW和600 MW机组存在负收益情况。若碳价及其传导率增加,配额基准线与拍卖比例改变对煤电机组造成的负效应更可控;核证减排量比例扩大对提高机组收益影响甚微,可以作为碳市场的一种有益补充并加以监管。因此,在充分考虑煤电承受力和竞争力前提下,制定碳配额分配规则应适应碳电市场发展阶段,积极推动碳电市场耦合传导碳成本,配合抵销机制来加速碳减排。

湖南省工业碳效率与经济增长的耦合协调研究

本文以测算的湖南省各市州的工业碳效率为基础,探究工业碳效率与经济增长的耦合协调问题,研究结果表明:①湖南省各市州的工业碳效率普遍低下。2021年,长沙、湘西州两市工业碳效率值大于1,属于有效状态;与之对应,娄底的工业碳效率值最低,仅为0.203;其余各市州的碳效率值在0.2-0.7之间,有较大的提升空间。②湖南省工业碳效率与经济增长的耦合协调度整体属于效率滞后型且研究期内呈波动上升的趋势。总体来看,截止2021年,除娄底、邵阳、株洲和张家界处于失调状态外,其余城市均处在中等协调及以上层次。长沙的耦合协调度最高,工业碳效率与经济增长达到了优质协调;中部地区的耦合协调度相对较低,其中,邵阳市的耦合协调度最低,2021年仅为0.044。

计及需求响应下典型工业负荷排放特性的环境经济调度

水泥厂等工业用户一方面具有高排放属性,另一方面也具有相当可观的需求响应潜力,可作为电力系统应对风电等新能源发电不确定性的重要手段之一。为此,在含风电电力系统环境经济调度问题中充分考虑水泥厂大气污染物和碳排放特性及其需求响应能力,实现电力系统源荷协同的绿色低碳运行。首先,分析了电源侧火电机组和负荷侧水泥厂的大气污染物排放特性,并计及大气污染物的时空分布特性和污染源附近区域的环境容量裕度,提出了火电机组及水泥厂环保成本计算模型。同时,考虑了火电机组及水泥厂的碳排放特性,并采用阶梯型碳排放成本模型计算火电机组和水泥厂的碳排放成本。在此基础之上,提出了水泥厂负荷优化模型,以阶梯型分时电价的方式调动水泥厂参与需求响应,构建了源荷协同的含风电电力系统环境经济调度模型。最后,基于改进的IEEE 39节点系统进行了算例分析。结果表明,所提模型不仅可以实现电网侧和水泥厂成本均降低的双赢局面,还能够降低电力系统源荷整体的碳排放量。

考虑需求侧快速响应资源的数据驱动频率约束经济调度

随着可再生能源渗透率的逐步提高,电力系统惯性水平下降,系统频率安全稳定面临挑战,迫切需要配置需求侧快速响应资源参与系统频率调节服务。针对此问题,分析了变频空调、储能和电动汽车提供电力系统调频备用的可行性,建立考虑上述需求侧快速响应资源的频率安全约束联合经济调度模型,以进行源荷双侧调频备用的统一优化。然后,引入基于高维模型表达的数据驱动方法将调频备用与最大频率偏移量之间的高阶非线性、隐式关系转换为低阶、显式表达式,从而实现频率安全约束经济调度模型的简化和求解。最后,结合IEEE 30节点系统验证了所提调度模型和方法的有效性,以及所提的数据驱动频率安全约束可确保系统在不平衡功率下的异常频率在约束范围内,且需求侧快速响应资源对于提升系统频率韧性具有重要正向作用。

交直流混合微网储能控制的智能调度模型构建及算例分析

交直流混合实现了对单独交流或直流微网特色的巧妙统一,将其和关键的管理平台进行结合,所产生的经济调度方式,在当前业界普遍受到关注,传统微网模式与交直流混合运行之间有着不匹配的情况,混合微网大幅度改善了适时应对条件,以这种混合模式为基础所建立的储能电量控制经济调度模型,首先合理制定储能充放电功率的相应计划,并对目标函数、约束条件设定,最终完成对实时经济调度模型的构建,借助该模型进行算例分析。结果表明,该模型不仅有效性较好,而且还具有较高准确率。

Two-stage Correction Strategy-based Real-time Dispatch for Economic Operation of Microgrids

Given the different energy rates of multiple types of power generation units,different operation plans affect the economy of microgrids.Limited by load and power generation forecasting technologies,the economic superiority of day-ahead plans is unable to be fully utilized because of the fluctuation of loads and power sources.In this regard,a two-stage correction strategy-based real-time dispatch method for the economic operation of microgrids is proposed.Based on the optimal day-ahead economic operation plan,unbalanced power is validly allocated in two stages in terms of power increment and current power,which maintains the economy of the day-ahead plan.Further,for operating point offset during real-time correction,a rolling dispatch method is introduced to dynamically update the system operation plan.Finally,the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

不同运行调度模式下微网经济运行对比分析

为了对比分析不同运行调度模式对微网经济运行的影响,在考虑微源同时提供有功和无功功率的基础上,提出了计及制热收益的热电联产型微网系统经济运行优化模型。以一个包含风、光、储、微型燃气轮机、燃料电池以及热电负荷的具体微网为例,提出了不同运行调度模式下的经济调度策略,运用改进遗传算法优化了考虑实时电价的并网运行方式下各微源的有功和无功出力,并对比分析了微网与外网交互功率的约束以及不同运行调度模式对经济调度的影响。仿真结果表明微网可与外网自由双向交换功率的模式更具有经济优势,验证了所提模型、策略和算法的有效性。

计及蓄电池使用寿命的微电网经济调度模型

由于新能源发电和负荷有不确定性,为保证微电网的安全可靠运行,蓄电池作为储能装置发挥了重要作用。为充分利用蓄电池,提高微电网的经济性,建立考虑蓄电池使用寿命的微电网经济调度模型,并应用混合整数线性规划算法进行求解。以一个包含风、光、储、微型燃气轮机、柴油发电机和燃料电池的微电网为算例,对微电网并网运行方式进行经济调度优化,计算结果验证了所提模型的有效性。