加拿大Daylight油田致密砂岩油藏优快钻井技术

为经济高效地开发致密砂岩油藏,并为国内同类型油气田开发提供借鉴,进行了Daylight油田优快钻井技术研究。对Daylight油田地层岩性进行了研究,根据地层压力优化了井身结构;通过分析测井资料并结合统计数据,研制了个性化的钻头;在分析钻井技术难点、地层压力的基础上,研制了油基钻井液体系,并采取严格措施确保其性能稳定;采取防碰技术控制井眼轨迹,满足了井工厂钻井的要求;优选先进的井下工具进行配套应用。该油田油气井井身结构按地区简化为二开和三开2种;研制了适应该地区软硬交错地层的复合钻头;油基钻井液体系为井壁稳定提供了保障;提前防碰技术缩短了滑动钻进时间;振荡钻井技术和AGITATOR井下工具可以解决水平井钻井中的托压问题,黑匣子为分析钻柱涡动提供了数据支持。应用结果表明,同地区平均井深为3 000m的井,平均钻井周期由原来的18d缩短为8d。Daylight油田优快钻井技术研究为快速钻井提供了保证,为国内致密油藏开发提供了技术参考。

Evaluation of Daylighting and Thermo-EnergeticPerformance in Administrative Building in the South ofBrazil

Daylight is a fundamental element to obtain built environments that promote environmental comfort and energy efficiency. However, strategies that enhance the building daylight performance can affect its thermal energetic performance. In this sense, research that addresses these aspects at the same time is considered essential. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the daylighting and thermal-energetic performance of administrative environments in a public institution, and to propose strategies that will enhance the use of daylight and lower energy consumption. Therefore, for future projects, and considering new buildings, and retrofit, this research will be an important reference. The research was developed through a case study of an administrative building model, in which the characteristics of solar orientation, light shelf use, glass type, and light and dark colors in walls were modified and combined, deriving it into models proposed. The daylighting performance evaluations were performed through dynamic simulation with the Rhinoceros for Diva software, and the thermal-energetic performance evaluations with the EnergyPlus software. The results of the work showed that a suitable solar orientation has a great impact on the automation of daylight and the energy consumption of the evaluated models, followed by the type of glass and the use of the light colors in internal walls, and that the use of artificial lighting with dimerization is fundamental as a complement to the daylight autonomy. For the boundary conditions of the study, the use of light shelves modified neither the daylight performance nor the thermal-energetic performance of the evaluated models.

基于Dynamic Daylighting软件的采光系数与实测采光系数的比较研究——以某学院多媒体教室为例

为了评价浙江同济科技职业学院多媒体教室的天然采光设计是否能够满足《建筑采光设计标准》中关于采光系数的要求,选取教学楼B311,B314,B319多媒体教室为对象,对实测计算的静态采光系数与应用Dynamic Daylighting软件模拟的动态采光系数进行比较分析。结果表明:教学楼B311,B314,B319多媒体教室的采光情况能够满足标准的要求;根据不同的天空亮度分布,Dynamic Daylighting软件可以对简单矩形房间内的实时动态采光系数进行模拟,与实测计算的静态采光系数相比,两者在结果和对各个参数的响应方面都较为一致。这为Dynamic Daylighting软件广泛应用于建筑光环境的模拟分析提供了一定依据。

Simulation Study of Heliostat-Based Daylighting System for Multi-Story Buildings

The following article has been retracted due to the fact that it cannot be accepted as Duplicate Publication. The Editorial Board takes a very strong respect to the author’s situation on this matter. This paper published in Journal of Power and Energy Engineering Vol.3 No.4, April 2015, has been removed from this site.

Preparation and Enhanced Daylight-Induced Photo-Catalytic Activity of Transparent C-Doped TiO_2 Thin Films

The transparent C-doped TiO2 nanostructure films were fabricated on the silicate glass substrates by sol-gel spin-coated method. The as-prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, UV-visible absorption spectra （UV-vis） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated via the photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue in aqueous under daylight irradiation at room temperature. The results show that the daylight-induced photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared films are improved by the C-doping. The calcination temperatures significantly affect the morphology, microstructure and photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples. At 723 K, the C-doped TiO2 films exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity due to the synergetic effects of good crystallization, appropriate oxygen vacancies and strong absorption in the near UV and visible-light region.

Development of Evaluation Method of Daylighting Duct System Considering Inner Light Flux

Currently, daylighting ducts system is widely used as a daylighting device. Generally, daylighting duct system efficiently takes light from outside during the day, and conveys daylight to required location through light duct manufactured by high reflectance mirror. Daylighting duct system can convey daylight to underground space that has no windows opening to external space. Daylighting system is composed of light collection part, light guide part and light emission part. Efficiency of daylighting system is depending on type of each part used in the system. However, it is very difficult to estimate exact light flow in the system considering type of the parts. Authors performed measurement experiments to make clear the light flow with real-size model and miniature model of daylighting duct system. We discussed effect of type of the parts on efficiency of daylighting duct system.

Uniformly Illuminated Efficient Daylighting System

Different approaches have been introduced for the daylighting system to reduce energy consumption, but they were not populated due to complex, high cost, and insufficient designs. There has been a recent problem in achieving uniform distribution of sunlight at a destination deep inside the building. Therefore, we propose a system to achieve high illumination by illuminating the surface of the absorber (optical fibers) uniformly. To capture sunlight, parabolic reflector and Fresnel lens are used. Different reflectors and lenses are considered, compared, and investigated to direct uniform light, which solves the heat problem, into the optical fibers. In addition, this study includes comparison between fiber-based daylighting systems. The proposed system has been verified through simulation and experimental results.

Daylighting Performance Design for Art Studios of Old Factory Renovation Buildings in Subtropical Regions

In the subtropical zone of China, a large number of old factory buildings rich in industrial historical and cultural value have been transformed into art studios. In the existing research on building renovation, there are still problems such as insufficient lighting, low uniformity, and ignoring the effect of glare in the lighting environment of buildings after transformation. To fill this research gap, this paper provides a daylighting design strategy for these factory buildings in subtropical zones to ensure that the transformed art studios can offer an excellent indoor daylighting environment. Through the control variable method, the window-to-wall ratio, the form of external windows, and the visible light transmittance of glass are set with quantitative and variable values, and a design strategy that meets the requirements of international general daylighting standards is obtained step by step through the simulation. The daylight factor, uniformity, daylight autonomy, and dynamic glare probability are used in this research process to measure whether the daylighting strategy meets the daylighting requirements of the CIBSE Lighting Guide for art studios. The results show that the average indoor lighting coefficient can be increased from 1.29 to 6.18, and the minimum value of the lighting coefficient can be increased from 0.4 to 4.4 by enlarging the windowed wall ratio from 1:30 to 1:3, using the combination method of the horizontal window, skylight and skylight recommended by the analysis results, and selecting veneer glass with 88% transmittance. This allows for better uniform lighting inside the building and reduces glare. This conclusion can support the lighting performance design of industrial buildings in the future.

Evaluation of Daylight Parameters on the Basis Simulation Model for the Tropical Climate

Use of natural daylight in the building is energy saving with respect to illumination levels and health benefits.However in,the hot and dry climatic zone increase in daylight availability may result into thermal ingress.This might lead to excess energy conservation.The aim of this paper is to evolve the methodology which could be used as a pre design tool for assessing the lighting provisions and thermal performance of spaces within buildings adopted by designers during the design process.The field measurements were conducted on the liveable spaces of a dwelling unit of the Nagpur region.Simulation studies using Ecotect Analysis 2011 was conducted for both illumination and thermal energy.The field measurements were compared with the simulated results.It has been found that the percentage difference(PD)between the Ecotect measurements(EM)and field measurements(FM)for both thermal loads and an illuminance level was less than 15%,the simulated model was considered precise for further study.The result imply that the simulated model would be ample for designers to evaluate the parameters associated to wall to window ratio,shading devices with respect to orientation of the building which helps to achieve the optimum useful daylight index.

Optimized Design of LED Daylight Lamp Lighting System

In order to meet the requirements of indoor illumination, a LED daylight lamp model was designed, it can replace traditional fluorescent lamp without insteading additional power supply establishment. The optical properties of the model were simulated using optical analysis software. Its luminous efficiency is about 30.4 lm/W, and the illuminance is about 38 lux when the distance is 1.5 m between the center of the model and measured spot. With the theoretically-optimized design of LED model, experiments based on the results of the optimal simulation in the laboratory were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed LED model, it reaches a power factor of about 0.8 at 6 W. The simulation results are very similar with the measured values. It is testified that simulative method is one of the effective tools for LED lighting optical design.

Computational modelling and simulation to mitigate the risk of daylight exposure in tropical museum buildings

In museum design and operation,daylight is typically discouraged due to high risk of damaging the display objects.However,past studies in high-latitude regions have shown the possibility to apply daylight in museums,so long as it is carefully planned,and the display objects are not from the category of high responsive materials.In the tropical region,the influence of daylighting on light exposure on museum objects is still unknown.This study therefore aims to assess and mitigate the impact of annual daylight exposure on objects with low responsive materials in a tropical daylit museum building.Annual daylight modelling and simulation are performed to achieve the objective,followed with Morris sensitivity analysis and Mahalanobis distance classifier to optimise the outcome.It is found that either WWR or glazing transmissivity gives the greatest influence on the performance indicators.Based on the proposed optimisation algorithm,it is possible to determine the optimum solutions satisfying the performance indicators target,for a certain opening type.Overall,the contribution of this study is the proposed computational modelling and simulation methods to mitigate the exposure risk while optimising daylight as a renewable energy source.

Experiment and simulation to determine the optimum orientation of building-integrated photovoltaic on tropical building façades considering annual daylight performance and energy yield

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic(BIPV)on vertical façades is a potential PV application in today’s buildings.The performance of BIPV on façades is significantly influenced by the façade orientation.For tropical cities,the optimum façade orientation,in terms of maximum energy yield and daylight performance,cannot be simply determined,due to relatively symmetrical sun path throughout the day.This study therefore aims to determine the optimum orientation for BIPV on tropical building façades.To achieve the objective,experiment,modelling,and computational simulation are conducted to evaluate the BIPV energy yield and to predict the indoor daylight performance in a scale-model building with a 105Wp monocrystalline silicon PV,facing each cardinal orienta-tion in Bandung,Indonesia.The South orientation yields practically zero ASE_(1000,250),providing the best annual daylight performance,and yielding the most desirable value in four out of five daylight metrics.The greatest annual energy yield is at the North orientation,providing 179-186 kWh(95%prediction interval)per year,but with larger uncertainty compared to that at the South,due to direct sunlight occurrence.Based on three different objective functions,the South orientation is considered optimum for placing the BIPV panel on the prototype façade in the location.