在前期FeN/C催化剂研究的基础上,以不同的含硫化合物为硫源,在Ar气氛下高温热处理获得一系列FeNS/C催化剂。使用线性扫描伏安法测试催化剂的氧还原活性,通过热重分析、比表面积和孔径分布测试对催化剂前驱体的热性质及催化剂的结构等进...在前期FeN/C催化剂研究的基础上,以不同的含硫化合物为硫源,在Ar气氛下高温热处理获得一系列FeNS/C催化剂。使用线性扫描伏安法测试催化剂的氧还原活性,通过热重分析、比表面积和孔径分布测试对催化剂前驱体的热性质及催化剂的结构等进行表征。结果表明,分别以硫脲为硫源,1,10-菲啰啉为氮源,FeCl_3为铁源,Black Pearl 2000为载体,催化剂前驱体中硫含量为1wt.%时,所得催化剂比表面积为559. 39 m^2/g,且催化剂表现出较好的氧还原催化活性。硫源的种类、热性质对催化剂的氧还原活性有着明显影响。展开更多
美国国防部RDT&E(Research,Development,Test and Evaluation)预算拨款是指美国国防预算中用于研究、开发、试验和鉴定的拨款,可以按军兵种、用途、平时及应急作战和应急军事行动进行分类,其中军兵种是主要的分类方式。从军兵种分...美国国防部RDT&E(Research,Development,Test and Evaluation)预算拨款是指美国国防预算中用于研究、开发、试验和鉴定的拨款,可以按军兵种、用途、平时及应急作战和应急军事行动进行分类,其中军兵种是主要的分类方式。从军兵种分类可以看出,RDT&E拨款结构向主要作战力量倾斜,特别是向海军、空军高技术兵种倾斜。为满足战争的经费需求,美国还建立了海外应急作战及行动预算补充拨款制度,并在其中安排了相应的RDT&E经费。美国国防部RDT&E预算拨款主要用于跟国防相关的基础研究、应用研究、先进技术发展、先进组件的原型设计和开发、系统开发和演示、RDT&E管理、作战系统开发、国防部软件和数字技术试点方案投入等方面。通过对美国国防部RDT&E预算拨款结构的研究,本文得到以下启示:一是要与时俱进地调整优化我国国防RDT&E预算拨款分类;二是始终把面向战斗力提升作为国防RDT&E预算拨款的出发点;三是坚持资金跟着项目走的基本原则;四是把应急作战有关经费需求纳入国防RDT&E预算体系;五是注重发挥国防RDT&E拨款对科技进步的促进作用。展开更多
Dense pre-hydrated geosynthetic clay liners(DPH GCLs)were manufactured as innovative materials accompanied by the advantage of lower hydraulic conductivity(k).The k of DPH GCLs permeated with de-ionized water(DIW)was ...Dense pre-hydrated geosynthetic clay liners(DPH GCLs)were manufactured as innovative materials accompanied by the advantage of lower hydraulic conductivity(k).The k of DPH GCLs permeated with de-ionized water(DIW)was 9.8×10^(−12) m/s.The effect of Cu^(2+)synthetic solution on DPH GCLs was discussed.Furthermore,the effect mechanism was studied on the basis of test technologies.A significant adverse impact on hydraulic performance of DPH GCLs is found when the concentration of Cu^(2+)is greater than 1 g/L.SEM,XRD,XRF,FTIR,and XPS analyses show that the effect of Cu^(2+)on DPH GCLs includes two steps.Firstly,Cu^(2+)interacts with hydrophobic organic matter(HOM),and the adhesion of bentonite is destroyed,and some holes appear.The Cu^(2+)contacts with bentonite directly,and Cu^(2+)interacts with bentonite through ion exchange.Passivated phenomenon occurs on the surface of the bentonite,and swelling ability of bentonite is reduced,which causes permeable DPH GCLs.展开更多
文摘在前期FeN/C催化剂研究的基础上,以不同的含硫化合物为硫源,在Ar气氛下高温热处理获得一系列FeNS/C催化剂。使用线性扫描伏安法测试催化剂的氧还原活性,通过热重分析、比表面积和孔径分布测试对催化剂前驱体的热性质及催化剂的结构等进行表征。结果表明,分别以硫脲为硫源,1,10-菲啰啉为氮源,FeCl_3为铁源,Black Pearl 2000为载体,催化剂前驱体中硫含量为1wt.%时,所得催化剂比表面积为559. 39 m^2/g,且催化剂表现出较好的氧还原催化活性。硫源的种类、热性质对催化剂的氧还原活性有着明显影响。
文摘美国国防部RDT&E(Research,Development,Test and Evaluation)预算拨款是指美国国防预算中用于研究、开发、试验和鉴定的拨款,可以按军兵种、用途、平时及应急作战和应急军事行动进行分类,其中军兵种是主要的分类方式。从军兵种分类可以看出,RDT&E拨款结构向主要作战力量倾斜,特别是向海军、空军高技术兵种倾斜。为满足战争的经费需求,美国还建立了海外应急作战及行动预算补充拨款制度,并在其中安排了相应的RDT&E经费。美国国防部RDT&E预算拨款主要用于跟国防相关的基础研究、应用研究、先进技术发展、先进组件的原型设计和开发、系统开发和演示、RDT&E管理、作战系统开发、国防部软件和数字技术试点方案投入等方面。通过对美国国防部RDT&E预算拨款结构的研究,本文得到以下启示:一是要与时俱进地调整优化我国国防RDT&E预算拨款分类;二是始终把面向战斗力提升作为国防RDT&E预算拨款的出发点;三是坚持资金跟着项目走的基本原则;四是把应急作战有关经费需求纳入国防RDT&E预算体系;五是注重发挥国防RDT&E拨款对科技进步的促进作用。
基金National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2017FB0310902)。
文摘Dense pre-hydrated geosynthetic clay liners(DPH GCLs)were manufactured as innovative materials accompanied by the advantage of lower hydraulic conductivity(k).The k of DPH GCLs permeated with de-ionized water(DIW)was 9.8×10^(−12) m/s.The effect of Cu^(2+)synthetic solution on DPH GCLs was discussed.Furthermore,the effect mechanism was studied on the basis of test technologies.A significant adverse impact on hydraulic performance of DPH GCLs is found when the concentration of Cu^(2+)is greater than 1 g/L.SEM,XRD,XRF,FTIR,and XPS analyses show that the effect of Cu^(2+)on DPH GCLs includes two steps.Firstly,Cu^(2+)interacts with hydrophobic organic matter(HOM),and the adhesion of bentonite is destroyed,and some holes appear.The Cu^(2+)contacts with bentonite directly,and Cu^(2+)interacts with bentonite through ion exchange.Passivated phenomenon occurs on the surface of the bentonite,and swelling ability of bentonite is reduced,which causes permeable DPH GCLs.
