Since flight accidents due to aircraft icing occur from time to time,this paper proposes an array of impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet de-icing methods for aircraft icing problems.The impact rod-type plasma synthet...Since flight accidents due to aircraft icing occur from time to time,this paper proposes an array of impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet de-icing methods for aircraft icing problems.The impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet actuator(PSJA)is based on the traditional PSJA with an additional impact rod structure for better de-icing in the flight environment.In this work,we first optimize the ice-breaking performance of a single-impact rod-type PSJA,and then conduct an array of impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet ice-breaking experiments to investigate the relationship between crack expansion and discharge energy,ice thickness and group spacing.The results show that the impact force and impulse of a single-impact rod-type PSJA are proportional to the discharge energy,and there exists a threshold energy Qmin for a single actuator to break the ice,which is proportional to the ice thickness.Only when the discharge energy reaches above Qmin can the ice layer produce cracks,and at the same time,the maximum radial crack length produced during the ice-breaking process is proportional to the discharge energy.When the ice is broken by an array of impact rod PSJAs,the discharge energy and group spacing together determine whether the crack can be extended to the middle region of the actuator.When the group spacing is certain,increasing the energy can increase the intersection of cracks in the middle region,and the ice-fragmentation degree is increased and the ice-breaking effect is better.At the same time,the energy estimation method of ice breaking by an array of impact rod-type PSJAs is proposed according to the law when a single actuator is breaking ice.展开更多
Pavement snow and icing are worldwide problems, but effective countermeasures are just beginning to be developed in China. The two most common snow and ice removal methods are mechanical clearance and chemical melting...Pavement snow and icing are worldwide problems, but effective countermeasures are just beginning to be developed in China. The two most common snow and ice removal methods are mechanical clearance and chemical melting, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed here, including environmental and structural damage caused by corrosive snow melting agents. New developments in chemical melting agents and mechanical equipment are discussed, and an overview of alternative thermal melting systems is presented, including the use of geothermy and non-geothermal heating systems utilizing solar energy, electricity, conductive pavement materials, and infrared/microwave applications. Strategic recommendations are made for continued enhancement of public safety in snow and ice conditions.展开更多
De-icing technology has become an increasingly important subject in numerous applications in recent years.However,the direct numerical modeling and simulation the physical process of thermomechanical deicing is limite...De-icing technology has become an increasingly important subject in numerous applications in recent years.However,the direct numerical modeling and simulation the physical process of thermomechanical deicing is limited.This work is focusing on developing a numerical model and tool to direct simulate the de-icing process in the framework of the coupled thermo-mechanical peridynamics theory.Here,we adopted the fully coupled thermo-mechanical bond-based peridynamics(TM-BB-PD)method for modeling and simulation of de-icing.Within the framework of TM-BB-PD,the ice constitutive model is established by considering the influence of the temperature difference between two material points,and a modified failure criteria is proposed,which takes into account temperature effect to predict the damage of quasi-brittle ice material.Moreover,thermal boundary condition is used to simulate the thermal load in the de-icing process.By comparing with the experimental results and the previous reported finite element modeling,our numerical model shows good agreement with the previous predictions.Based on the numerical results,we find that the developed method can not only predict crack initiation and propagation in the ice,but also predict the temperature distribution and heat conduction during the de-icing process.Furthermore,the influence of the temperature for the ice crack growth pattern is discussed accordingly.In conclusion,the coupled thermal-mechanical peridynamics formulation with modified failure criterion is capable of providing a modeling tool for engineering applications of de-icing technology.展开更多
In order to prevent severe pollution by de-icing salt on greenery along urban roads, a half lethal dose （LD_50）for a plant population was confirmed through stress simulation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus jap...In order to prevent severe pollution by de-icing salt on greenery along urban roads, a half lethal dose （LD_50）for a plant population was confirmed through stress simulation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus, with an ianalysis of physiological changes, statistics on mortality rate on plant populations and mathematic modeling during a 30- day subacute toxicity test. The results indicate that a significant positive correlation in the early stages and a significant negative correlation in the later stages were observed between the amount of chlorophyll a and b in plants and a cumulative dose of de-icing salt. The amounts of free proline in plants and the dose of de-icing salt were positively correlated Over the entire period. No significant correlation in the initial stage, but a significant negative correlation in later stages was observed between the soluble protein and the dose of de-icing salt. LDs0 of this chloride agent on E. japonicus is 5 kg.（L·m2）-1 over 30 days.展开更多
This paper presents a self-structured organizing single-input control system based on differentiable cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) for an n-link robot manipulator to achieve the high-precision positi...This paper presents a self-structured organizing single-input control system based on differentiable cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) for an n-link robot manipulator to achieve the high-precision position tracking. In the proposed scheme, the single-input CMAC controller is solely used to control the plant, so the input space dimension of CMAC can be simplified and no conventional controller is needed. The structure of single-input CMAC will also be self-organized;that is, the layers of single-input CMAC will grow or prune systematically and their receptive functions can be automatically adjusted. The online tuning laws of single-input CMAC parameters are derived in gradient-descent learning method and the discrete-type Lyapunov function is applied to determine the learning rates of the proposed control system so that the stability of the system can be guaranteed. The simulation results of three-link De-icing robot manipulator are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.展开更多
为提高静止无功补偿器(static var compensator,SVC)应对直流电弧炉等冲击性负载的闪变抑制性能,文中在改进Takagi-Sugeno(TS)模糊算法的基础上,提出一种SVC滚动预测控制方法。首先,建立直流电弧炉电气模型并仿真分析其无功特性;然后,...为提高静止无功补偿器(static var compensator,SVC)应对直流电弧炉等冲击性负载的闪变抑制性能,文中在改进Takagi-Sugeno(TS)模糊算法的基础上,提出一种SVC滚动预测控制方法。首先,建立直流电弧炉电气模型并仿真分析其无功特性;然后,针对经典TS模糊预测算法应用于波动负荷时出现的输出异常置0情况,提出一种范围自适应修正的改进方法,该方法能消除一类算法应用机理导致的异常值,从而提高TS模糊算法对波动负荷无功功率预测的可靠性和准确性;最后,基于模型训练时间约束,建立无功功率半周期滚动预测控制模型,提前10 ms预测无功功率,改善了SVC传统控制系统响应的滞后特性。仿真结果表明,相比于SVC传统控制方法,所提方法的平均闪变改善率提高了54.17%,验证了所提方法对闪变现象的抑制效果提升显著。展开更多
为提高提高多机电力系统的暂态稳定性,该文首先建立了静止无功补偿器(static var compensator,SVC)系统的一个含有时变参数不确定性的二阶非线性动态模型,然后在SVC动态模型的基础上,利用自适应控制技术和鲁棒控制技术设计了SVC系统的...为提高提高多机电力系统的暂态稳定性,该文首先建立了静止无功补偿器(static var compensator,SVC)系统的一个含有时变参数不确定性的二阶非线性动态模型,然后在SVC动态模型的基础上,利用自适应控制技术和鲁棒控制技术设计了SVC系统的控制器。为了验证所设计的控制器的有效性,以一个经典的三机九母线电力系统作为测试系统,对鲁棒自适应SVC控制器与PID SVC控制器和反馈线性化SVC控制器分别进行了比较研究。仿真结果表明,与PID SVC控制器和反馈线性化SVC控制器相比,所提出的鲁棒自适应SVC控制器具有良好的性能。展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12002384)National Key Laboratory Foundation of China(No.614220220200107)+1 种基金National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.J2019-II-0014-0035)Academician Workstation F0undation of the Green Aerotechnics Research Institute of Chongqing Jiaotong University(No.GATRI2020C06003)。
文摘Since flight accidents due to aircraft icing occur from time to time,this paper proposes an array of impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet de-icing methods for aircraft icing problems.The impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet actuator(PSJA)is based on the traditional PSJA with an additional impact rod structure for better de-icing in the flight environment.In this work,we first optimize the ice-breaking performance of a single-impact rod-type PSJA,and then conduct an array of impact rod-type plasma synthetic jet ice-breaking experiments to investigate the relationship between crack expansion and discharge energy,ice thickness and group spacing.The results show that the impact force and impulse of a single-impact rod-type PSJA are proportional to the discharge energy,and there exists a threshold energy Qmin for a single actuator to break the ice,which is proportional to the ice thickness.Only when the discharge energy reaches above Qmin can the ice layer produce cracks,and at the same time,the maximum radial crack length produced during the ice-breaking process is proportional to the discharge energy.When the ice is broken by an array of impact rod PSJAs,the discharge energy and group spacing together determine whether the crack can be extended to the middle region of the actuator.When the group spacing is certain,increasing the energy can increase the intersection of cracks in the middle region,and the ice-fragmentation degree is increased and the ice-breaking effect is better.At the same time,the energy estimation method of ice breaking by an array of impact rod-type PSJAs is proposed according to the law when a single actuator is breaking ice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(No.41121061)the National Key Basic Research and Development Program(No.2012CB026102)the Fund of the "Hundred People Plan" of CAS(to WenBing Yu)
文摘Pavement snow and icing are worldwide problems, but effective countermeasures are just beginning to be developed in China. The two most common snow and ice removal methods are mechanical clearance and chemical melting, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed here, including environmental and structural damage caused by corrosive snow melting agents. New developments in chemical melting agents and mechanical equipment are discussed, and an overview of alternative thermal melting systems is presented, including the use of geothermy and non-geothermal heating systems utilizing solar energy, electricity, conductive pavement materials, and infrared/microwave applications. Strategic recommendations are made for continued enhancement of public safety in snow and ice conditions.
基金the University of California at Berkeley.Ms.Y.Song gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the Chinese Scholar Council(CSC Grant No.201706680094).
文摘De-icing technology has become an increasingly important subject in numerous applications in recent years.However,the direct numerical modeling and simulation the physical process of thermomechanical deicing is limited.This work is focusing on developing a numerical model and tool to direct simulate the de-icing process in the framework of the coupled thermo-mechanical peridynamics theory.Here,we adopted the fully coupled thermo-mechanical bond-based peridynamics(TM-BB-PD)method for modeling and simulation of de-icing.Within the framework of TM-BB-PD,the ice constitutive model is established by considering the influence of the temperature difference between two material points,and a modified failure criteria is proposed,which takes into account temperature effect to predict the damage of quasi-brittle ice material.Moreover,thermal boundary condition is used to simulate the thermal load in the de-icing process.By comparing with the experimental results and the previous reported finite element modeling,our numerical model shows good agreement with the previous predictions.Based on the numerical results,we find that the developed method can not only predict crack initiation and propagation in the ice,but also predict the temperature distribution and heat conduction during the de-icing process.Furthermore,the influence of the temperature for the ice crack growth pattern is discussed accordingly.In conclusion,the coupled thermal-mechanical peridynamics formulation with modified failure criterion is capable of providing a modeling tool for engineering applications of de-icing technology.
基金financially supported by the Science Innovation Project of Beijing Forestry University (No. 101305)the 985 Innovation Platform, China
文摘In order to prevent severe pollution by de-icing salt on greenery along urban roads, a half lethal dose （LD_50）for a plant population was confirmed through stress simulation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus, with an ianalysis of physiological changes, statistics on mortality rate on plant populations and mathematic modeling during a 30- day subacute toxicity test. The results indicate that a significant positive correlation in the early stages and a significant negative correlation in the later stages were observed between the amount of chlorophyll a and b in plants and a cumulative dose of de-icing salt. The amounts of free proline in plants and the dose of de-icing salt were positively correlated Over the entire period. No significant correlation in the initial stage, but a significant negative correlation in later stages was observed between the soluble protein and the dose of de-icing salt. LDs0 of this chloride agent on E. japonicus is 5 kg.（L·m2）-1 over 30 days.
文摘This paper presents a self-structured organizing single-input control system based on differentiable cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) for an n-link robot manipulator to achieve the high-precision position tracking. In the proposed scheme, the single-input CMAC controller is solely used to control the plant, so the input space dimension of CMAC can be simplified and no conventional controller is needed. The structure of single-input CMAC will also be self-organized;that is, the layers of single-input CMAC will grow or prune systematically and their receptive functions can be automatically adjusted. The online tuning laws of single-input CMAC parameters are derived in gradient-descent learning method and the discrete-type Lyapunov function is applied to determine the learning rates of the proposed control system so that the stability of the system can be guaranteed. The simulation results of three-link De-icing robot manipulator are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.
文摘为提高静止无功补偿器(static var compensator,SVC)应对直流电弧炉等冲击性负载的闪变抑制性能,文中在改进Takagi-Sugeno(TS)模糊算法的基础上,提出一种SVC滚动预测控制方法。首先,建立直流电弧炉电气模型并仿真分析其无功特性;然后,针对经典TS模糊预测算法应用于波动负荷时出现的输出异常置0情况,提出一种范围自适应修正的改进方法,该方法能消除一类算法应用机理导致的异常值,从而提高TS模糊算法对波动负荷无功功率预测的可靠性和准确性;最后,基于模型训练时间约束,建立无功功率半周期滚动预测控制模型,提前10 ms预测无功功率,改善了SVC传统控制系统响应的滞后特性。仿真结果表明,相比于SVC传统控制方法,所提方法的平均闪变改善率提高了54.17%,验证了所提方法对闪变现象的抑制效果提升显著。
文摘为提高提高多机电力系统的暂态稳定性,该文首先建立了静止无功补偿器(static var compensator,SVC)系统的一个含有时变参数不确定性的二阶非线性动态模型,然后在SVC动态模型的基础上,利用自适应控制技术和鲁棒控制技术设计了SVC系统的控制器。为了验证所设计的控制器的有效性,以一个经典的三机九母线电力系统作为测试系统,对鲁棒自适应SVC控制器与PID SVC控制器和反馈线性化SVC控制器分别进行了比较研究。仿真结果表明,与PID SVC控制器和反馈线性化SVC控制器相比,所提出的鲁棒自适应SVC控制器具有良好的性能。
