Replacement of Forage Fiber Sources with Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles and Corn Germ Meal in Holstein Calf Diets

This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves（（110.55±15.36） kg of body weight and 12 wk of age） were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments（15 calves/treatment） in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were： 0% NFFS（control）, 9% NFFS（group 1）, 18% NFFS（group 2）, 27% NFFS（group 3）, and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities increased with the increasing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest（P〈0.05） concentrations of glucose and the lowest（P〈0.05） concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles（DDGS） and corn germ meal（CGM） were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.

A facile ionic liquid approach to prepare cellulose fiber with good mechanical properties directly from corn stalks

It is very difficult to directly spin the lignocellulose without pretreatment.Ionic liquids(ILs)are promising solvent to dissolve lignocellulose to prepare cellulose fiber.However,the degree of cellulose polymerization(DP)is reduced when lignocellulose is dissolved in ILs,and the lignin removal rate is low.The elongation at break and tensile strength of the fibers obtained by spinning the lignocellulose dissolved in ILs are poor.In this paper,preparing cellulose fiber directly from lignocellulose based on dissolving corn stalk via[C4mim]Cl-L-arginine binary system is achieved.It shows that the removal rate of lignin can reach 92.35%and the purity of cellulose can reach 85.32%after corn stalk was dissolved at 150℃C for 11.5 h when the mass fraction of arginine is 2.5%.The elongation at break of fiber reached 10.12%and the tensile strength reached 420 MPa.It is mainly due to the fact that L-arginine not only inhibits the degradation of cellulose but also promotes the delignination.Without any pulping or pretreatment,preparing cellulose fibers via direct dissolution and extrusion may provide a simple and effective way to prepare many novel cellulose materials.

Effects of NaOH Treatment on Fiber, Crude Protein and Soluble Sugar Content of Corn Straw

[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of different levels of NaOH on fiber, crude protein and soluble sugar content of cornstraw. [Method] Four treatments were designed in the test, namely control group, group 1, group2 and group 3, which were added with 0, 2%, 3%and 4% NaOH according to the dry weight of corn straw, and the moisture of corn straw after treatment was 45%. After being treated at room tem-perature for 48 h, sensory evaluation and nutrient composition analysis were performed for each group, and the contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF）, acid detergent fiber （ADF）, crude protein （CP） and soluble sugar （SS） were measured. [Result] With the increasing addition level of NaOH,the content of NDF and ADF decreased gradually, and significant differences were observed between group 3 （adding 4% NaOH） and control group（P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in CP content among treatment groups（P〉0.05）; the SS content gradually increased, and there weresignificant differences between treatment groups and control group （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] 4% NaOH reduced the fiber content and increased thesoluble sugar content of corn straw.

Breakdown of Corn Fiber by a Metagenomic Ferulolyl Esterase in Combination with Glycosyl Hydrolases

A feruloyl esterase (FAE-C6) gene of 957 bp was isolated from rumen microbial metagenome, subcloned into pET32b vector, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme purified in active form, consisted of 319 amino acid residues, with a molecular weight of 43.7 based on SDS-PAGE. Homology modeling showed that the FAE contained the catalytic triad composed of Ser154-Asp263His295 and a classical Gly-X-Ser154-X-Gly nucleophile motif commonly found in esterases. The FAE-C6 was characterized using corn fiber as substrate. Its combining action with glycoside hydrolases (C, X, A) individually and in various combinations was studied with focus on the difference in the effects on FA and sugar release. Glycoside hydrolases with endo-xylanase included in the enzyme mixture showed significant impact on increasing the FA yield. For the release of sugar, FAE enhanced the yield in all hydrolase combinations moderately and endo-xylanase was not the key factor in the enzyme formulation.

Corn Husk Fiber Preparation and Morphology with Alkali Treatment

The corn husks were usually discarded as useless materials,after alkali treatment from which the corn husk fiber was obtained. The corn husk fiber included half degumming corn husk bundle fiber and corn husk single fiber. This study found that corn husk single fiber was a kind of cellulose fiber,and was obtained with the fully alkali treatment technique,the process of which was NaOH concentration 0.15 g/mL,temperature at 80℃,and reaction time about 2.5 h. The morphologies of corn husk single fibers presented nature convolutions along with the fiber axis. They were closed at both ends,and they had a pentagram cavity and oval-shaped crosssection. They were flat shape,the fineness of the fibers was close to cotton fiber,and the mechanical properties of the fibers were similar to hemp fiber. So the corn husk fibers could be predicted that they could be used in textile industry because their properties were very close to cotton fiber or flax fiber.

Development of Kaolin and Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites for Thermal Insulating Panels

In our modern world, where conserving energy is highly valued, thermal insulation panels play a crucial role in reducing heat transfer between two spaces, surfaces, or materials. They are used to enhance the energy efficiency of various industrial applications by minimizing heat loss and temperature control. These panels function as silent protectors, aiding in reducing energy consumption and making things more sustainable and better for the environment. This is where composite materials come in;they are known for their lightweight nature, high strength-to-weight ratio, and excellent thermal insulation properties and have gained significant attention. Researchers are actively engaged in various studies aimed at enhancing these materials further. This research project focuses on the development of kaolin and glass fiber-reinforced composites for thermally insulating panels, to which natural strengthening materials like corn husk and bamboo fibers are added. The aim is to create cost-effective and efficient composite materials for thermal insulation applications by incorporating these components with a binder consisting of potassium silicate, hydroxide, and distilled water. This project involves conducting compression tests, bending tests, impact tests, thermal conductivity measurements, and microscopic analysis to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of the developed composites. The profound impact of these engineered composites on thermal insulation panels stands to revolutionize energy conservation efforts, offering a potent avenue to minimize heat loss and enhance overall energy efficiency across an array of industrial sectors.

玉米须不溶性膳食纤维分析及其对面包品质和消化特性的影响研究

首先分析玉米须不溶性膳食纤维(corn silk insoluble dietary fiber,CSIDF)的组分和物理特性,再研究其添加量及粒径对面包比容、色泽、质构、孔隙度、感官等品质和消化特性的影响。结果表明,其主要含80.64%膳食纤维和10.15%蛋白质,以及少量的灰分和脂肪,主要由50.41%纤维素和28.80%半纤维素组成,具有良好的持水、持油和膨胀特性,且粒径越大,3种特性越好;添加玉米须不溶性膳食纤维后面包比容减小,色泽加深,硬度增大,孔隙度降低,不同CSIDF添加量及粒径间存在差异,面包品质与CSIDF添加量及粒径基本呈现负相关,综合分析确定粒径最小的D_(1)(平均粒径为24.91μm)最适宜添加,其添加量为3%时较合适;体外消化试验表明,CSIDF可以通过降低面包中RDS含量、提高SDS和RS含量来延缓淀粉的消化吸收,维持血糖稳定。

一种新型纤维素基包装材料的研制与应用设计

针对生物可降解包装材料的高成本、性能低等问题,制备一种以黄麻纤维、粘胶纤维和聚乳酸玉米纤维为主要原料的的纤维素基包装材料,并对其力学性能进行探究。结果表明,热压处理有利于增强纤维抱合性,从而增加材料的稳定性;黄麻/粘胶/玉米纤维最佳配比方案为50∶35∶15,此时,制备的复合包装材料的纵向断裂强力为212.35 N,横向断裂强力为126.78 N,纵向撕破强力为29.26 N,横向撕破强力为13.06 N,顶破强力为77.61 N。试验制备的黄麻/粘胶/玉米纤维素基包装材料不仅成本低、绿色环保,还具备较好的力学性能,能作为一种生物可降解包装材料应用于实际生活中。

玉米秸秆-轮胎钢丝混杂纤维混凝土的抗压性能和抗冻性能研究

通过在混凝土中添加不同掺量的玉米秸秆纤维和轮胎刚丝纤维,分析了玉米秸秆纤维和废旧轮胎钢丝纤维的掺量对混凝土7 d和28 d的立方体抗压强度的影响,同时也进行了抗冻性试验。研究表明:在适量的纤维掺量下,玉米秸秆纤维和轮胎钢丝纤维对混凝土7 d和28 d的立方体抗压强度都具有提升效果,最优组掺量为0.6%的玉米秸秆纤维,1.0%的轮胎钢丝纤维,抗压强度分别比基准组提高了8.78%和15.92%;两种纤维的掺入也提高了混凝土的抗冻性,最优组较基准组在冻融循环25、50、75次时的损失率分别降低3.63%、4.46%、7.31%。

半纤维素对玉米秸秆皮Lyocell纤维性能的影响

探讨了半纤维素对Lyocell纤维制备时溶浆过程以及纺丝过程的影响,研究了半纤维素对Lyocell纤维的力学、抗原纤化和染色等性能的影响。试验可知:使用市售质量分数50%的NMMO溶剂在90℃温度下即可完全溶解玉米秸秆皮浆粕;半纤维素含量较高的玉米秸秆皮浆粕的流动性更好,制成的Lyocell纤维的染色性能和抗原纤化性能更好,断裂伸长率较大,结晶度较小。

复合酶改性玉米皮可溶性膳食纤维的工艺优化及理化特性分析

为探究玉米皮可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble Dietary Fiber,SDF)最佳提取工艺及功能特性。本研究以玉米加工副产物玉米皮为原料,采用复合酶法改性提取玉米皮可溶性膳食纤维,通过单因素实验和响应面优化确定最佳工艺参数并对其理化性质进行了研究。结果表明,当纤维素酶添加量为1.5%、木聚糖酶添加量为1%、酶解温度为55℃、酶解时间为150 min时,玉米皮SDF得率达到的最高值为16.64%±0.21%,其溶解度为87.63%±0.43%,持水力为2.87±0.16 g/g,持油力为2.30±0.12 g/g,葡萄糖吸附力为5.32±0.12 mmol/g,体外模拟胃环境(pH2.0)、肠环境(pH7.0)下胆固醇吸附性分别为11.74±0.15、42.93±0.08 mg/g,胆酸钠吸附性分别为15.43±0.17、50.67±0.10 mg/g。研究结果可为玉米皮可溶性膳食纤维的开发利用提供理论参考。

基于热膨胀微球发泡的废纸纤维/淀粉复合发泡材料性能的研究

本研究以玉米淀粉(CS)和数字印刷废纸纤维(DPWPF)为基材,热膨胀微球(EHM204)为发泡剂,采用加热烘焙方式制备DPWPF/CS复合发泡材料,研究了DPWPF含量对DPWPF/CS复合发泡材料各项性能的影响。结果表明,在DPWPF/CS复合发泡材料的制备中,EHM204可作为发泡剂,适量DPWPF的加入,能够改善淀粉基发泡材料的力学性能,当DPWPF含量为15%(相对于CS质量)时,制备的发泡材料的综合性能最佳,密度为0.66 g/cm^(3),发泡率为70%,硬度为70.00 HC,弹性比能为14.25×10^(4)J/m^(3),缓冲系数为4.21,回弹率达95.1%。

一种麦秸纤维替代木粉制备的景观用复材特性研究

为提高园林景观建筑材料的环保性、强度和耐水性等,试验以麦秸纤维代替传统木粉,并加入剑麻纤维,制备了一种木塑复合材料(WPC),并对其性能进行研究。试验结果表明,麦秸纤维可以代替木粉制备WPC,制备出的WPC力学性能相差不大;剑麻纤维的掺入,可以提升WPC的力学性能和耐水性;当掺20 phr麦秸纤维、5 phr长度5 mm的剑麻纤维时,试验制备的WPC材料弯曲、拉伸强度分别达到53.6、16.8 MPa,弯曲弹性模量为4200 MPa,吸水率低于7%,材料具备较好的强度性能,韧性和耐水性良好。试验制备的木塑复合材料综合性能良好,可以作为园林景观建筑材料实际应用。

饲料中中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维不同测定方法的比较

探讨不同测定方法对饲料中酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维测定的影响。分别用花生蔓、玉米秸秆、豆粕和玉米饲料做为粗饲料、蛋白质饲料和能量饲料的代表,样品粉碎过18目筛。采用国标测定法以及纤维袋、300目尼龙袋和400目尼龙袋3种滤袋对饲料中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的含量进行测定。同时对于酸性洗涤纤维的测定分别采用连续测定和不连续测定两种方法进行测定。结果表明:300目尼龙袋测定花生蔓和玉米秸秆的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的结果均接近用国标法测的结果;纤维袋连续测定法测玉米和豆粕的酸性洗涤纤维的结果接近国标法测的结果;用3种滤袋法测玉米和豆粕中性洗涤纤维的结果与国标法的结果差异均显著。不连续测定法测的酸性洗涤纤维所得结果比连续测定法测的结果高。

玉米膳食纤维在冰淇淋中应用的研究

本研究采用高压蒸煮法和挤压法对玉米膳食纤维进行处理,并对不同处理方法的玉米膳食纤维在冰淇淋中的应用特性进行了研究,通过正交试验分析,确定了适于加入冰淇淋中的玉米膳食纤维种类及其在冰淇淋中的最佳用量。试验结果表明:冰淇淋中添加6%的经挤压处理的玉米膳食纤维效果理想,且不增加冰淇淋稳定剂的用量。此时冰淇淋口感滑润细腻,膨胀率为98%,抗融性最好。

玉米膳食纤维在饼干中应用的研究

将玉米深加工副产物玉米皮经适当处理制得高品质膳食纤维,并用于高膳食纤维饼干的生产。通过正交试验,对影响高膳食纤维饼干品质的主要因素进行分析,确定了高膳食纤维饼干的最佳工艺及配方。结果表明:膳食纤维的处理方法对产品感官品质的影响最大,其次是膳食纤维粒度、膳食纤维用量、添加剂用量。玉米纤维经挤出处理,粒度为0.147mm,添加量为16%,疏松剂和乳化剂用量分别为0.4%和0.2%时,产品品质最好。

木聚糖酶法制备水溶性玉米膳食纤维的工艺研究

利用木聚糖酶对脂肪酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶预处理后的玉米种皮进行酶解,制备水溶性膳食纤维,并对所得膳食纤维进行气相色谱分析。木聚糖酶酶解最佳工艺条件为:酶解时间40min、加酶量1．0ml/g、酶解温度45℃、pH4．8;酶法得到的可溶性膳食纤维的成分主要有木糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖。

微生态制剂对玉米秸秆青贮发酵品质、营养成分及瘤胃降解率的影响

本研究以玉米秸秆为研究对象,探讨酶制剂、菌制剂以及酶制剂与菌制剂混合处理对玉米秸秆青贮料发酵品质、营养成分以及瘤胃降解率的影响。玉米秸秆（干物质含量为42%~44%）用青贮切碎机切短至2cm,将各处理青贮剂溶于蒸馏水,与原料混合均匀后,装入聚乙烯袋（24cm×40cm）中,每袋1kg,然后用真空包装机抽真空封口,室温贮藏45d后开封取样。采用实验室化学分析法及半体内试验测定发酵品质、营养成分和瘤胃降解率。结果表明,1）与对照组相比,菌制剂（LAB1和LAB2）处理组pH值和NH3-N含量均显著降低（P〈0.05）,乳酸（LA）含量、有机物（OM）及可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）保存量、干物质（DM）、OM、粗蛋白（CP）的瘤胃降解率显著增加（P〈0.05）;菌制剂处理组的WSC含量显著高于对照组和酶制剂处理（P〈0.05）。2）与对照组相比,酶制剂（CE1和CE2）处理组pH值、NH3-N含量、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、纤维素均显著降低（P〈0.05）,乳酸（LA）含量、有机物（OM）及可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）保存量、干物质（DM）、OM、粗蛋白（CP）的瘤胃降解率显著增加（P〈0.05）;有降低酸性洗涤木质素（ADL）含量的趋势,但是差异不显著（P〉0.05）。3）酶菌复合处理组（MCL1和MCL2）pH值最低（P〈0.05）,NDF、纤维素在瘤胃中降解能力显著高于其他处理组（P〈0.05）,ADL降解率在数值上高于其他组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）;与对照组相比,酶菌混合处理组能够降低NDF、ADF、纤维素含量（P〈0.05）。综上,酶菌复合添加剂喷洒到秸秆中进行青贮发酵后,能够有效破除玉米秸秆青贮饲料的特殊的木质素-纤维素-半纤维素复合体结构,改善秸秆青贮饲料的发酵品质,提高营养物质的保存量及反刍动物瘤胃对秸秆营养物质的降解率,从而提高秸秆的可利用率,其中MCL2处理组效果最佳。

玉米膳食纤维在面包中的应用

采用高压蒸煮法和挤压法对玉米膳食纤维进行处理,研究了不同处理方法的玉米膳食纤维在面包中的应用特性,并通过正交试验分析,确定了适于加入面包中的玉米膳食纤维种类及其在面包中的最佳用量。结果表明:面包中添加7％的玉米膳食纤维(挤压法处理)效果理想,且不增加面包添加剂的用量。此时面包的口感优良,抗老化性较好。

青贮玉米秸秆对鹅纤维及Ca、P表观消化率的影响

选取健康五龙鹅30只，随机分为5组，每组6个重复。各试验组日粮青贮玉米秸秆的比例分别为24．3％、34．6％、42．6％、49．1％、53．6％。采用全收粪法进行代谢试验，检测饲料与粪便中的各种营养成分。试验结果表明：青贮玉米秸秆的比例在24．3％-53．6％（CF％为5．2％～9．0％）时，CF的消化率为18．16％-48．28％，中性洗涤纤维（NDF）42．68％-58．51％，酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）28．56％-49．32％；Ca表观消化率在青贮玉米秸秆添加49．1％-53．6％时显著低于其它各组（P〈0．05）；P表观消化率在青贮玉米秸秆添加53．6％时显著低于其它各组（P〈0．05）；随着青贮玉米秸秆的增加，草酸含量逐渐升高，与Ca呈显著负相关（P〈0．05）。表明鹅对青贮玉米秸秆纤维具有很高的消化率；由于青贮玉米秸秆中草酸和植酸的存在，影响了鹅对Ca、P的消化率。