Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. DM-related dyslipidemia are associated with complications resulting from progressive damage of various organs. CD36 is...Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. DM-related dyslipidemia are associated with complications resulting from progressive damage of various organs. CD36 is 88-kD, class B scavenger receptor, expressed on different types of cells. In diabetic patients, LDL particles are glycated with strong level;this increases CD36 expression, initiates foam cell formation and accelerates atherosclerosis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum CD36 level and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Zeenam Specialized center, Khartoum State, Sudan, in a period between 2019 and 2022. Methodology: Hundred participants at different ages were included in this study;70 were type 2 diabetic patients (cases) and 30 apparently healthy individual (control). 3 ml of venous blood were collected from the participants by using a sterile needle and syringe into a labeled plain container. Each sample was stood until complete clot occurs. Clotted blood sample was then centrifuged to obtain the serum. Then they were used for measurement of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and soluble CD36 levels. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using Biosystem chemistry analyzer BTS-302. Serum CD36 was measured using Microplate Reader (URIT-660). Results: The results revealed that serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with control (P = 0.03, P = 0.031, P = 0.000, P = 0.000) respectively, while there is no statistically significant differences in serum CD36 level between cases and control (P = 0.129). Also this study showed that there is no statistically significant correlation between serum CD36 level and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, age and body mass index. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is no statistically significant difference in serum CD36 level between cases and control. And sCD36 level was not correlated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, and age.展开更多
BACKGROUND The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is closely related to a wide range of cellular functions and is a key component to maintain and restore metabolic health.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a serious threat to hum...BACKGROUND The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is closely related to a wide range of cellular functions and is a key component to maintain and restore metabolic health.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a serious threat to human health,but the ER stress(ERS)-related mechanisms in T2DM have not been fully elucidated.AIM To identify potential ERS-related mechanisms and crucial biomarkers in T2DM.METHODS We conducted gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)and gene set variation analysis(GSVA)in myoblast and myotube form GSE166502,and obtained the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).After intersecting with ERS-related genes,we obtained ERS-related DEGs.Finally,functional analyses,immune infiltration,and several networks were established.RESULTS Through GSEA and GSVA,we identified several metabolic and immune-related pathways.We obtained 227 ERS-related DEGs and constructed several important networks that help to understand the mechanisms and treatment of T2DM.Finally,memory CD4^(+)T cells accounted for the largest proportion of immune cells.CONCLUSION This study revealed ERS-related mechanisms in T2DM,which might contribute to new ideas and insights into the mechanisms and treatment of T2DM.展开更多
目的分析CD+34细胞与糖尿病肾病代谢参数的相关性及其与糖尿病肾病发病的关系。方法选择终末期肾病患者100例,根据是否合并2型糖尿病分为合并糖尿病的终末期肾病组(n=55),为终末期肾病组(n=45)。糖尿病组(n=50)。同时选取体检中心健康...目的分析CD+34细胞与糖尿病肾病代谢参数的相关性及其与糖尿病肾病发病的关系。方法选择终末期肾病患者100例,根据是否合并2型糖尿病分为合并糖尿病的终末期肾病组(n=55),为终末期肾病组(n=45)。糖尿病组(n=50)。同时选取体检中心健康体检者作为健康对照组(n=60)。比较4组三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、CD+34细胞/单核细胞值,尿微量白蛋白、肌酐(Cr)水平测定,肾小球滤过率的差异,以及各指标间的相关性。结果与阴性健康对照组比较,3个试验组CD+34细胞在单核细胞中的比值降低(P<0.05);糖尿病组高于终末期肾病组、糖尿病合并终末期肾病组(P<0.05)。糖尿病合并终末期肾病组外周血CD+34/单核细胞值与HBA1c、Cr、FPG、微量白蛋白、2 h FPG呈负相关(r值分别为-0.439、-0.241、-0.298、-0.342、-0.447,P<0.05)。结论 CD+34细胞可能是肾病患者的危险因素,参与肾病的发生,监测CD+34细胞水平变化也许能用来预测2型糖尿病患者合并终末期肾病的发生发展,其中糖尿病可能进一步导致CD+34细胞数量的下降。展开更多
Background Macro- and microvascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Recent reports provide evidence that the levels of CD55 and CD59...Background Macro- and microvascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Recent reports provide evidence that the levels of CD55 and CD59 are decreased in diabetic microvascular diseases. However, very little is known about the levels of CD55 and CD59, the relationship between them and carotid artery intima-media thickness, and the effects of statins on CD55 and CD59 in diabetic macrovascular diseases. Methods The mean fluorescence intensity （MFI） of CD55 and CD59 expression on peripheral blood leucocyte subsets （lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils） was studied using flow cytometry, and carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasonography in 23 healthy subjects （controls）, 19 patients with type 2 diabetes （T2DM）, and 43 patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular diseases （T2DM-M）. The patients with T2DM-M were assigned to two subgroups based on whether statins were used： group with statins （n=-23） and group without statins （n=20）. Results Compared with the controls and T2DM, the MFI of CD55 positive neutrophils was significantly lower in T2DM-M （P=0.049 vs controls and P=0.033 vs T2DM）; similarly, the MFI of CD59 positive monocytes was also lower in T2DM-M （P=0.038 vs controls and P=0.043 vs T2DM）. The MFI of CD59 positive neutrophils in T2DM-M was lower than in T2DM （P=0.032）. The levels of CD55 and CD59 were negatively associated with age and blood pressure （r=-0.245- -0.352, P=0.041-0.003）, but not acute-phase reactants and carotid artery intima-media thickness. The levels of CD55 and CD59 increased after treatment with statins, but the results were not significantly different （P 〉0.05 ）. Conclusions CD55 and CD59 expressions on peripheral blood leucocytes are decreased in T2DM patients with macrovascular diseases. The results suggest that the decreased levels of complement regulatory proteins might play an important role in diabetic macrovascular diseases.展开更多
It has been demonstrated that prolonged graft survival can be achieved through inhibiting the activation of T cells, and addition of soluble CTLA4Ig and OX40Ig proteins to mixed lymphocyte reactions can effectively in...It has been demonstrated that prolonged graft survival can be achieved through inhibiting the activation of T cells, and addition of soluble CTLA4Ig and OX40Ig proteins to mixed lymphocyte reactions can effectively inhibit T cell proliferation. To explore the potential of this type of treatment in xenotransplantation, we infected streptozotocin-induced diabetic BalB/c mice (H-2d) (200 mg/kg, IV) with 5×108 pfu AdCTLA4Ig-IRES-OX40Ig on day 1 before islets trans-plantation through the tail vein. The results showed that this treatment prolonged the islet xeno-grafts survival significantly. The reaction to exogenous glucose stimulation was normal and the cytokine secretion of the type Th1 cells was inhibited. The AdCTLA4Ig-IRES-OX40Ig-mediated treatment effectively induced the T cells into anergy and the Th1/Th2 cells into deviation. These results strongly supported the therapeutic potential of blockade of costimulation by Ad-CTLA4Ig-IRES-OX40Ig genes transfer in inducing the organ transplantation tolerance.展开更多
Background We investigated the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes, and detected the expression of scavenger receptor CD36 in monocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods According to the criteria by WHO...Background We investigated the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes, and detected the expression of scavenger receptor CD36 in monocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods According to the criteria by WHO, diabetic patients were classified into two groups： well controlled diabetic patients （WCP） and poorly controlled diabetic patients （PCP）. The expression of CD36 protein and mRNA were evaluated by flow cytometry and reversal transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Plasma levels of accumulution of oxidized LDL （oxLDL） were immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. directly measured by sandwich enzyme-linkedResults Flow cytometry and RT-PCR showed that the mean fluorescence intensity （MFI） of CD36 in monocyte and CD36 mRNA were significantly higher in the PCP and WCP in comparison with healthy controls （P 〈 O. O1 ）. CD36 MFI and mRNA in the PCP were increased by 78% and 36% compared to the WCP. In both groups, CD36 MFI and mRNA were significantly higher in patients with diabetic atherosclerosis in comoparison with those without diabetic atherosclerosis （P 〈0. 05）. No significant difference was found in CDt4 expression between the groups （P〉0. 05 ）. The concentrations of plasma oxLDL were higher in the PCP group compared to WCP and control group （P 〈0. 05 ）, whereas oxLDL average values did not differ significantly between WCP and control groups （P〉0.05 ） . In the WCP and PCP groups, oxLDL levels were higher in patients with diabetic atherosclerosis than those without diabetic atherosclerosis （ P 〈0.05 ）.Conclusions The increased expression of scavenger receptor CD36 may be one of the mechanism of accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic. The poorly controlled diabetes patients are at higher risk for the vascular complications than the well controlled diabetic patients.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to report a new coding variance of the TNFRSF9 gene,a candidate for auto-immune diseases.We found the variation in two families with type 2 diabetes mellitus by D-HPLC mutation screening metho...The aim of this paper is to report a new coding variance of the TNFRSF9 gene,a candidate for auto-immune diseases.We found the variation in two families with type 2 diabetes mellitus by D-HPLC mutation screening method and confirmed our results by direct sequencing and PCR-RFLP.Although without changing the amino acid coding,the variance may have an effect on codon usage and play a role in disease development,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.However,we cannot define the role of this variance because the frequency of the minor allele is low in the Chinese population and no homozygote of the variance was found.More research in multiple populations will be necessary to define the role of this variance.展开更多
文摘Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. DM-related dyslipidemia are associated with complications resulting from progressive damage of various organs. CD36 is 88-kD, class B scavenger receptor, expressed on different types of cells. In diabetic patients, LDL particles are glycated with strong level;this increases CD36 expression, initiates foam cell formation and accelerates atherosclerosis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum CD36 level and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Zeenam Specialized center, Khartoum State, Sudan, in a period between 2019 and 2022. Methodology: Hundred participants at different ages were included in this study;70 were type 2 diabetic patients (cases) and 30 apparently healthy individual (control). 3 ml of venous blood were collected from the participants by using a sterile needle and syringe into a labeled plain container. Each sample was stood until complete clot occurs. Clotted blood sample was then centrifuged to obtain the serum. Then they were used for measurement of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and soluble CD36 levels. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using Biosystem chemistry analyzer BTS-302. Serum CD36 was measured using Microplate Reader (URIT-660). Results: The results revealed that serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with control (P = 0.03, P = 0.031, P = 0.000, P = 0.000) respectively, while there is no statistically significant differences in serum CD36 level between cases and control (P = 0.129). Also this study showed that there is no statistically significant correlation between serum CD36 level and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, age and body mass index. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is no statistically significant difference in serum CD36 level between cases and control. And sCD36 level was not correlated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, and age.
文摘BACKGROUND The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is closely related to a wide range of cellular functions and is a key component to maintain and restore metabolic health.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a serious threat to human health,but the ER stress(ERS)-related mechanisms in T2DM have not been fully elucidated.AIM To identify potential ERS-related mechanisms and crucial biomarkers in T2DM.METHODS We conducted gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)and gene set variation analysis(GSVA)in myoblast and myotube form GSE166502,and obtained the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).After intersecting with ERS-related genes,we obtained ERS-related DEGs.Finally,functional analyses,immune infiltration,and several networks were established.RESULTS Through GSEA and GSVA,we identified several metabolic and immune-related pathways.We obtained 227 ERS-related DEGs and constructed several important networks that help to understand the mechanisms and treatment of T2DM.Finally,memory CD4^(+)T cells accounted for the largest proportion of immune cells.CONCLUSION This study revealed ERS-related mechanisms in T2DM,which might contribute to new ideas and insights into the mechanisms and treatment of T2DM.
文摘目的分析CD+34细胞与糖尿病肾病代谢参数的相关性及其与糖尿病肾病发病的关系。方法选择终末期肾病患者100例,根据是否合并2型糖尿病分为合并糖尿病的终末期肾病组(n=55),为终末期肾病组(n=45)。糖尿病组(n=50)。同时选取体检中心健康体检者作为健康对照组(n=60)。比较4组三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、CD+34细胞/单核细胞值,尿微量白蛋白、肌酐(Cr)水平测定,肾小球滤过率的差异,以及各指标间的相关性。结果与阴性健康对照组比较,3个试验组CD+34细胞在单核细胞中的比值降低(P<0.05);糖尿病组高于终末期肾病组、糖尿病合并终末期肾病组(P<0.05)。糖尿病合并终末期肾病组外周血CD+34/单核细胞值与HBA1c、Cr、FPG、微量白蛋白、2 h FPG呈负相关(r值分别为-0.439、-0.241、-0.298、-0.342、-0.447,P<0.05)。结论 CD+34细胞可能是肾病患者的危险因素,参与肾病的发生,监测CD+34细胞水平变化也许能用来预测2型糖尿病患者合并终末期肾病的发生发展,其中糖尿病可能进一步导致CD+34细胞数量的下降。
文摘Background Macro- and microvascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Recent reports provide evidence that the levels of CD55 and CD59 are decreased in diabetic microvascular diseases. However, very little is known about the levels of CD55 and CD59, the relationship between them and carotid artery intima-media thickness, and the effects of statins on CD55 and CD59 in diabetic macrovascular diseases. Methods The mean fluorescence intensity （MFI） of CD55 and CD59 expression on peripheral blood leucocyte subsets （lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils） was studied using flow cytometry, and carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasonography in 23 healthy subjects （controls）, 19 patients with type 2 diabetes （T2DM）, and 43 patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular diseases （T2DM-M）. The patients with T2DM-M were assigned to two subgroups based on whether statins were used： group with statins （n=-23） and group without statins （n=20）. Results Compared with the controls and T2DM, the MFI of CD55 positive neutrophils was significantly lower in T2DM-M （P=0.049 vs controls and P=0.033 vs T2DM）; similarly, the MFI of CD59 positive monocytes was also lower in T2DM-M （P=0.038 vs controls and P=0.043 vs T2DM）. The MFI of CD59 positive neutrophils in T2DM-M was lower than in T2DM （P=0.032）. The levels of CD55 and CD59 were negatively associated with age and blood pressure （r=-0.245- -0.352, P=0.041-0.003）, but not acute-phase reactants and carotid artery intima-media thickness. The levels of CD55 and CD59 increased after treatment with statins, but the results were not significantly different （P 〉0.05 ）. Conclusions CD55 and CD59 expressions on peripheral blood leucocytes are decreased in T2DM patients with macrovascular diseases. The results suggest that the decreased levels of complement regulatory proteins might play an important role in diabetic macrovascular diseases.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.39830340).
文摘It has been demonstrated that prolonged graft survival can be achieved through inhibiting the activation of T cells, and addition of soluble CTLA4Ig and OX40Ig proteins to mixed lymphocyte reactions can effectively inhibit T cell proliferation. To explore the potential of this type of treatment in xenotransplantation, we infected streptozotocin-induced diabetic BalB/c mice (H-2d) (200 mg/kg, IV) with 5×108 pfu AdCTLA4Ig-IRES-OX40Ig on day 1 before islets trans-plantation through the tail vein. The results showed that this treatment prolonged the islet xeno-grafts survival significantly. The reaction to exogenous glucose stimulation was normal and the cytokine secretion of the type Th1 cells was inhibited. The AdCTLA4Ig-IRES-OX40Ig-mediated treatment effectively induced the T cells into anergy and the Th1/Th2 cells into deviation. These results strongly supported the therapeutic potential of blockade of costimulation by Ad-CTLA4Ig-IRES-OX40Ig genes transfer in inducing the organ transplantation tolerance.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Natioal Natural ScienceFoundation of China (No.30370310) and Foundation for ReturneesStudying Abroad from Personnel Department of Hubei Province(No.301140200).
文摘Background We investigated the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes, and detected the expression of scavenger receptor CD36 in monocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods According to the criteria by WHO, diabetic patients were classified into two groups： well controlled diabetic patients （WCP） and poorly controlled diabetic patients （PCP）. The expression of CD36 protein and mRNA were evaluated by flow cytometry and reversal transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Plasma levels of accumulution of oxidized LDL （oxLDL） were immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. directly measured by sandwich enzyme-linkedResults Flow cytometry and RT-PCR showed that the mean fluorescence intensity （MFI） of CD36 in monocyte and CD36 mRNA were significantly higher in the PCP and WCP in comparison with healthy controls （P 〈 O. O1 ）. CD36 MFI and mRNA in the PCP were increased by 78% and 36% compared to the WCP. In both groups, CD36 MFI and mRNA were significantly higher in patients with diabetic atherosclerosis in comoparison with those without diabetic atherosclerosis （P 〈0. 05）. No significant difference was found in CDt4 expression between the groups （P〉0. 05 ）. The concentrations of plasma oxLDL were higher in the PCP group compared to WCP and control group （P 〈0. 05 ）, whereas oxLDL average values did not differ significantly between WCP and control groups （P〉0.05 ） . In the WCP and PCP groups, oxLDL levels were higher in patients with diabetic atherosclerosis than those without diabetic atherosclerosis （ P 〈0.05 ）.Conclusions The increased expression of scavenger receptor CD36 may be one of the mechanism of accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic. The poorly controlled diabetes patients are at higher risk for the vascular complications than the well controlled diabetic patients.
基金supported by grants from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)(No.2006CB503901)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2002AA223031)The National Scientific Foundation of China(No.30471926,30671110).
文摘The aim of this paper is to report a new coding variance of the TNFRSF9 gene,a candidate for auto-immune diseases.We found the variation in two families with type 2 diabetes mellitus by D-HPLC mutation screening method and confirmed our results by direct sequencing and PCR-RFLP.Although without changing the amino acid coding,the variance may have an effect on codon usage and play a role in disease development,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.However,we cannot define the role of this variance because the frequency of the minor allele is low in the Chinese population and no homozygote of the variance was found.More research in multiple populations will be necessary to define the role of this variance.
