Programmed cell death receptor 1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer

This editorial discusses Christodoulidis et al's article,which appeared in the most recent edition.The clinical trials have demonstrated the programmed cell death receptor 1(PD-1)inhibitor Pembrolizumab involved combination therapy can improve the efficacy of advanced gastric cancer(AGC).Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy can enhance its sensitivity,and further eliminate tumor cells that develop resistance to chemotherapy.The combination of Pembrolizumab and Trastuzumab targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 showed improved prognosis.The overall toxic effects of Pembrolizumab are significantly lower than traditional chemotherapy,and the safety is controllable.PD-1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab sheds a light on the treatment of AGC and brings new hope to the clinical practice.

基于提示学习和超球原型的小样本ICD自动编码方法

针对国际疾病分类(ICD)自动编码方法的长文本处理、编码的层次结构以及长尾分布等导致的模型泛化能力弱的问题,提出一种充分利用医学预训练语言模型的基于提示学习和超球原型的小样本ICD自动编码方法(hypersphere prototypical with prompt learning,PromptHP)。首先,将编码描述与临床文本融合进提示学习模型中的提示模板,使得模型能够更加深入地理解临床文本;然后,充分利用预训练语言模型的先验知识进行初始预测;接着,在预训练语言模型输出表示的基础上引入超球原型进行类别建模和度量分类,并在医学数据集上微调网络,充分纳入数据知识,提高模型在小样本ICD编码分配任务上的性能;最后,对以上两部分预测结果集成加权获得最终编码预测结果。在公开医学数据集MIMIC-Ⅲ上的实验结果表明,该模型优于最先进的基线方法,PromptHP将小样本编码的macro-AUC、micro-AUC、macro-F_(1)和micro-F_(1)分别提高了1.77%、1.54%、14.22%、15.01%。实验结果验证了该模型在小样本编码分类任务中的有效性。

胃近端切除伴双通道重建手术ICD-9-CM-3编码探讨

双通道重建理论上是近端胃切除术较为理想的消化道重建方式,由于ICD-9-CM-3词典库更新停滞以及医院端现用手术词典库扩码不足等原因,对于胃近端切除伴双通道重建手术的ICD编码存在一定争议。本文从相关手术的内涵和历史演进等角度,对该手术的ICD-9-CM-3编码进行了分析探讨。

基于DIP的高费用偏差病例ICD编码缺陷对病种分组影响分析

目的分析按病种分值付费(Diagnosis-Intervention Packet,DIP)高费用偏差病例ICD编码缺陷对DIP病种分组的影响。方法收集某三级甲等综合医院2019—2021年342例DIP高费用偏差病例的病案首页数据和费用结算数据。对病例首页ICD编码进行质控,将病例错误ICD编码修正后,重新进行DIP分组,利用Wilcoxon配对符号秩和检验,分析编码修正前后病种入组和分值变化。结果DIP高费用偏差病例ICD编码缺陷率为19.30%,主要诊断ICD编码缺陷率为9.36%,诊断ICD编码缺陷以肿瘤、呼吸系统、循环系统疾病为主,累计构成比为57.53%;手术操作ICD编码缺陷率为7.93%。在66例ICD编码缺陷病例中,35例修正编码后重新进行DIP分组,DIP分组发生变化,DIP分值中位数ICD编码从修正前的1022分上升至修正后的1089分,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.71,P=0.03)。结论DIP高费用偏差病例的ICD编码缺陷率高,肿瘤、呼吸系统、循环系统诊断ICD编码缺陷较为突出,修正缺陷编码后重新进行DIP分组,DIP分值提高。医院应制定针对性措施,提高ICD编码质量,为DIP病种分组提供关键支撑,助力医院精细化管理和高质量发展。

基于数据增强和扩张卷积的ICD编码分类

针对ICD编码分类任务存在的标签分布不平衡、临床记录文本过长和标签空间庞大等问题,提出一种基于数据增强和扩张卷积的ICD编码分类方法。首先,引入预训练模型BioLinkBERT,在生物医学领域采用无监督学习方式进行训练,以缓解域不匹配问题;其次,运用Mixup数据增强技术扩充隐藏表示,从而增加数据多样性及提升模型分类的鲁棒性,解决标签分布不平衡问题;最后,利用多粒度扩张卷积有效捕获文本数据中的长距离依赖关系,避免因输入文本过长影响模型效果。实验结果表明,该模型在MIMIC-Ⅲ数据集的两个子集上与多种方法进行比较,相较于基准模型的F_1值和precision@k值分别提升0.4%~1.5%和1.2%~1.6%。因此,本研究为解决ICD编码分类中的挑战提供有效的解决方案。

ICD-11纳入传统医学编码对疾病负担测算的影响研究

基于国际疾病和相关健康问题分类(ICD)编码的疾病负担测算在全球已得到广泛应用,但是目前该类研究多基于西医疾病编码。随着中医药国际化程度的提高,ICD-11纳入传统医学编码,有利于促进中医疾病诊断的完善,利于计算患病率、生存率、服药情况、救治水平,可进一步评价中医病种的疾病负担情况,促进临床诊疗决策及卫生资源的合理配置,从而进一步促进中医药的国际化。但是,ICD-11中传统医学编码不完善,和西医疾病编码、我国中医国家标准之间的映射不足对中医疾病负担测算带来新的挑战。本文立足于疾病负担测算的编码体系,分析了当前中医疾病负担测算研究中的不足、ICD-11纳入传统医学编码后对中医疾病负担测算的影响,并对ICD-11传统医学编码和西医疾病编码、我国新国家标准进行了初步比较,为未来中医疾病负担的测算编码的完善提供参考。提出未来可利用大数据技术促进中医标准化术语和ICD-11传统医学编码、ICD-11传统医学编码和西医疾病编码之间的映射,从而促进中医疾病负担的研究。

Efficacy and predictive factors of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib plus programmed cell death protein-1 inhibition for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with lenvatinib plus programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)for unresectable hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)have rarely been evaluated and it is unknown which factors are related to efficacy.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and independent predictive factors of TACE combined with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors for unresectable HCC.METHODS This study retrospectively enrolled patients with unresectable HCC who received TACE/lenvatinib/PD-1 treatment between March 2019 and April 2022.Overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)were determined.The objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)were evaluated in accordance with the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.Additionally,the prognostic factors affecting the clinical outcome were assessed.RESULTS One hundred and two patients were enrolled with a median follow-up duration of 12.63 months.The median OS was 26.43 months(95%CI:17.00-35.87),and the median PFS was 10.07 months(95%CI:8.50-11.65).The ORR and DCR were 61.76%and 81.37%,respectively.The patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Classification(BCLC)B stage,early neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)response(decrease),or early alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)response(decrease>20%)had superior OS and PFS than their counterparts.CONCLUSION This study showed that TACE/lenvatinib/PD-1 treatment was well tolerated with encouraging efficacy in patients with unresectable HCC.The patients with BCLC B-stage disease with early NLR response(decrease)and early AFP response(decrease>20%)may achieve better clinical outcomes with this triple therapy.

A novel approach to Parkinson's disease treatment with a potentially dual-acting therapeutic agent that targetsα-synuclein aggregation and neuron death

Parkinson's disease(PD),a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder,is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the aggregation ofα-synuclein protein into Lewy bodies.While the current standards of therapy have been successful in providing some symptom relief,they fail to address the underlying pathophysiology of PD and as a result,they have no effect on disease progression.

Risk factors for early death in severe non-brain- injured trauma patients

Severe trauma is one of the main causes of premature death,posing a significant challenge to public health systems.[1]At present,there is a lack of universally accepted guidelines for rapid detection of life-threatening severe trauma,[2]and the accuracy of existing prognostic models in predicting early death is limited.[3,4]Severe non-brain-injured trauma(SNT)patients account for approximately 70%of all trauma-related deaths.Moreover,there is a lack of studies on early death in SNT patients.[5]This study aims to identify risk factors associated with early death(≤72 h post-admission)in SNT patients.

Leveraging diverse cell-death patterns to predict the clinical outcome of immune checkpoint therapy in lung adenocarcinoma:Based on muti-omics analysis and vitro assay

Advanced LUAD shows limited response to treatment including immune therapy.With the development of sequencing omics,it is urgent to combine high-throughput multi-omics data to identify new immune checkpoint therapeutic response markers.Using GSE72094(n=386)and GSE31210(n=226)gene expression profile data in the GEO database,we identified genes associated with lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)death using tools such as“edgeR”and“maftools”and visualized the characteristics of these genes using the“circlize”R package.We constructed a prognostic model based on death-related genes and optimized the model using LASSO-Cox regression methods.By calculating the cell death index(CDI)of each individual,we divided LUAD patients into high and low CDI groups and examined the relationship between CDI and overall survival time by principal component analysis(PCA)and Kaplan-Meier analysis.We also used the“ConsensusClusterPlus”tool for unsupervised clustering of LUAD subtypes based on model genes.In addition,we collected data on the expression of immunomodulatory genes and model genes for each cohort and performed tumor microenvironment analyses.We also used the TIDE algorithm to predict immunotherapy responses in the CDI cohort.Finally,we studied the effect of PRKCD on the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells through cell culture experiments.The study utilized the TCGA-LUAD cohort(n=493)and identified 2,901 genes that are differentially expressed in patients with LUAD.Through KEGG and GO enrichment analysis,these genes were found to be involved in a wide range of biological pathways.The study also used univariate Cox regression models and LASSO regression analyses to identify 17 candidate genes that were best associated with mortality prognostic risk scores.By comparing the overall survival(OS)outcomes of patients with different CDI values,it was found that increased CDI levels were significantly associated with lower OS rates.In addition,the study used unsupervised cluster analysis to divide 115 LUAD patients into two distinct clusters with significant differences in OS timing.Finally,a prognostic indicator called CDI was established and its feasibility as an independent prognostic indicator was evaluated by Cox proportional risk regression analysis.The immunotherapy efficacy was more sensitive in the group with high expression of programmed cell death models.Relationship between programmed cell death(PCD)signature models and drug reactivity.After evaluating the median inhibitory concentration(IC50)of various drugs in LUAD samples,statistically significant differences in IC50 values were found in cohorts with high and low CDI status.Specifically,Gefitinib and Lapatinib had higher IC50 values in the high-CDI cohort,while Olaparib,Oxaliplatin,SB216763,and Axitinib had lower values.These results suggest that individuals with high CDI levels are sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and may be resistant to conventional chemotherapy.Therefore,this study constructed a gene model that can evaluate patient immunotherapy by using programmed cell death-related genes based on muti-omics.The CDI index composed of these programmed cell death-related genes reveals the heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma tumors and serves as a prognostic indicator for patients.

Mycobacterium smegmatis enhances shikonin-induced immunogenic cell death—an efficient in situ tumor vaccine strategy

Tumor vaccines are a promising avenue in cancer immunotherapy.Despite the progress in targeting specific immune epitopes,tumor cells lacking these epitopes can evade the treatment.Here,we aimed to construct an efficient in situ tumor vaccine called Vac-SM,utilizing shikonin(SKN)to induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)and Mycobacterium smegmatis as an immune adjuvant to enhance in situ tumor vaccine efficacy.SKN showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on the tumor cell line and induced ICD in tumor cells as evidenced by the CCK-8 assay and the detection of the expression of relevant indicators,respectively.Compared with the control group,the in situ Vac-SM injection in mouse subcutaneous metastatic tumors significantly inhibited tumor growth and distant tumor metastasis,while also improving survival rates.Mycobacterium smegmatis effectively induced maturation and activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(DCs),and in vivo tumor-draining lymph nodes showed an increased maturation of DCs and a higher proportion of effector memory T-cell subsets with the Vac-SM treatment,based on flow cytometry analysis results.Collectively,the Vac-SM vaccine effectively induces ICD,improves antigen presentation by DCs,activates a specific systemic antitumor T-cell immune response,exhibits a favorable safety profile,and holds the promise for clinical translation for local tumor immunotherapy.

Cytokine release syndrome triggered by programmed death 1 blockade(sintilimab)therapy in a psoriasis patient:A case report

BACKGROUND In recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have demonstrated remarkable efficacy across diverse malignancies.Notably,in patients with advanced gastric cancer,the use of programmed death 1(PD-1)blockade has significantly prolonged overall survival,marking a pivotal advancement comparable to the impact of Herceptin over the past two decades.While the therapeutic benefits of ICIs are evident,the increasing use of immunotherapy has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events.CASE SUMMARY This article presents the case of a patient with advanced gastric cancer and chronic plaque psoriasis.Following sintilimab therapy,the patient developed severe rashes accompanied by cytokine release syndrome(CRS).Fortunately,effective management was achieved through the administration of glucocorticoid,tocilizumab,and acitretin,which resulted in favorable outcomes.CONCLUSION Glucocorticoid and tocilizumab therapy was effective in managing CRS after PD-1 blockade therapy for gastric cancer in a patient with chronic plaque psoriasis.

Pretreatment can alleviate programmed cell death in mesenchymal stem cells

In this editorial,we delved into the article titled“Cellular preconditioning and mesenchymal stem cell ferroptosis.”This groundbreaking study underscores a pivotal discovery:Ferroptosis,a type of programmed cell death,drastically reduces the viability of donor mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)after engraftment,thereby undermining the therapeutic value of cell-based therapies.Furthermore,the article proposes that by manipulating ferroptosis mechanisms through preconditioning,we can potentially enhance the survival rate and functionality of MSCs,ultimately amplifying their therapeutic potential.Given the crucial role ferroptosis plays in shaping the therapeutic outcomes of MSCs,we deem it im-perative to further investigate the intricate interplay between programmed cell death and the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs.

Castleman病ICD-10的编码问题浅析

目的分析Castleman病的病因、病理、影像特征与临床分型,探讨Castleman病ICD-10的正确编码。方法使用PDCA分析法对2017—2023年中山大学肿瘤防治中心住院病历中编码为D47.7、I89.808和R59的病案共394本进行筛选,逐本重新核查,与病理、影像及临床医生沟通,确定为Castleman病的有109本,根据ICD-10编码原则探讨Castleman病正确编码。结果单中心Castleman病(编码为189.808)为54本,多中心Castleman病(编码为D47.7)为44本,淋巴结反应性增生(R59.901)为11本,Castleman病编码正确率为61.48%,错误率为38.52%。结论提高Castleman病的编码正确率,需要编码员熟悉Castleman病的临床分型、病理特征,熟练掌握ICD-10的编码原则,病案编码员必须认真阅读每一份病历,尤其是对罕见病的编码要更认真、细心,积极主动地与临床医生和病理科医生沟通,不断学习积累相关医学知识,及时学习各系统最新肿瘤分类知识。

Elucidating the molecular basis of ATP-induced cell death in breast cancer: Construction of a robust prognostic model

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a multifaceted and formidable disease with profound public health implications.Cell demise mechanisms play a pivotal role in breast cancer pathogenesis,with ATP-triggered cell death attracting mounting interest for its unique specificity and potential therapeutic pertinence.AIM To investigate the impact of ATP-induced cell death(AICD)on breast cancer,enhancing our understanding of its mechanism.METHODS The foundational genes orchestrating AICD mechanisms were extracted from the literature,underpinning the establishment of a prognostic model.Simultaneously,a microRNA(miRNA)prognostic model was constructed that mirrored the gene-based prognostic model.Distinctions between high-and low-risk cohorts within mRNA and miRNA characteristic models were scrutinized,with the aim of delineating common influence mechanisms,substantiated through enrichment analysis and immune infiltration assessment.RESULTS The mRNA prognostic model in this study encompassed four specific mRNAs:P2X purinoceptor 4,pannexin 1,caspase 7,and cyclin 2.The miRNA prognostic model integrated four pivotal miRNAs:hsa-miR-615-3p,hsa-miR-519b-3p,hsa-miR-342-3p,and hsa-miR-324-3p.B cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,endothelial cells,and macrophages exhibited inverse correlations with risk scores across all breast cancer subtypes.Furthermore,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that genes differentially expressed in response to mRNA risk scores significantly enriched 25 signaling pathways,while miRNA risk scores significantly enriched 29 signaling pathways,with 16 pathways being jointly enriched.CONCLUSION Of paramount significance,distinct mRNA and miRNA signature models were devised tailored to AICD,both potentially autonomous prognostic factors.This study's elucidation of the molecular underpinnings of AICD in breast cancer enhances the arsenal of potential therapeutic tools,offering an unparalleled window for innovative interventions.Essentially,this paper reveals the hitherto enigmatic link between AICD and breast cancer,potentially leading to revolutionary progress in personalized oncology.

Efficacy of chemotherapy containing bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer according to programmed cell death ligand 1

BACKGROUND Bevacizumab,an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)monoclonal antibody,inhibits angiogenesis and reduces tumor growth.Serum VEGF-C,lactate dehydrogenase,and inflammatory markers have been reported as predictive markers related to bevacizumab treatment.Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)could act upon VEGF receptor 2 to induce cancer cell angiogenesis and metastasis.AIM To investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC)according to the expression of PD-L1.METHODS This analysis included CRC patients who received bevacizumab plus FOLFOX or FOLFIRI as first-line therapy between June 24,2014 and February 28,2022,at Samsung Medical Center(Seoul,South Korea).Analysis of patient data included evaluation of PD-L1 expression by the combined positive score(CPS).We analyzed the efficacy of bevacizumab according to PD-L1 expression status in patients with CRC.RESULTS A total of 124 patients was included in this analysis.Almost all patients were treated with bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI or FOLFOX as the first-line chemotherapy.While 77%of patients received FOLFOX,23%received FOLFIRI as backbone first-line chemotherapy.The numbers of patients with a PD-L1 CPS of 1 or more,5 or more,or 10 or more were 105(85%),64(52%),and 32(26%),respectively.The results showed no significant difference in progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)with bevacizumab treatment between patients with PDL1 CPS less than 1 and those with PD-L1 CPS of 1 or more(PD-L1<1%vs PD-L1≥1%;PFS:P=0.93,OS:P=0.33),between patients with PD-L1 CPS less than 5 and of 5 or more(PD-L1<5%vs PD-L1≥5%;PFS:P=0.409,OS:P=0.746),and between patients with PD-L1 CPS less than 10 and of 10 or more(PD-L1<10%vs PD-L1≥10%;PFS:P=0.529,OS:P=0.568).CONCLUSION Chemotherapy containing bevacizumab can be considered as first-line therapy in metastatic CRC irrespective of PD-L1 expression.

颅内血肿清除术ICD编码与DRG入组分析

颅内出血的病例,编码员在编码中容易忽略其颅内出血的病因,是自发性颅内出血还是创伤引起的颅内出血,两者在ICD-10中的编码完全不同。前者编码时分类于I60~I62,后者编码时分类于S06。不同的病因在DRG入组时也会进入不同的DRG组。当明确病因时,颅内出血的部位要明确是蛛网膜下出血、或是硬脑膜外/下出血还是脑实质出血,因为在做颅内血肿清除时,不同的出血部位其在ICD-9-CM-3中的编码是不同的。硬脑膜外血肿清除分类于01.24,硬脑膜下或蛛网膜下血肿清除分类于01.31,脑实质内血肿清除分类于01.39。在进行颅内血肿清除术时根据术式不同通常分为锥颅术、颅骨钻孔引流术和传统开颅手术,这三种术式的手术过程具有明显区别,编码员需要理解3种术式各自特点,做到准确分类。在DRG分组时,疾病编码与手术编码不同所入的DRG组也将不同。通过了解颅内血肿清除术的定义与病因,分析颅内血肿清除术的编码思路,从而提高编码员专业能力和保障DRG数据的准确性。

阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤ICD-10编码探究

目的分析我院阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤ICD-10编码现状及问题,以期提高交界性肿瘤编码的准确率以及医院按病种分值付费(DIP)的入组率。方法从病案信息系统调取2018-2022年主要诊断编码为阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤的首次住院病案,获得病案共263份,对疾病编码进行逐一核查。结果263份低级别黏液性肿瘤病案中,形态码编码正确153份,形态码编码正确率为58.17%;无转移的病案共91份,形态码编码正确82份,正确率为90.11%;有转移的病案共172份,形态码编码正确71份,正确率为41.28%。结论阑尾低级别黏液性肿瘤的形态学编码正确率偏低,对DIP的入组造成一定影响。编码人员应加强IDC-10编码和相关医学知识的学习,不断提高编码人员的专业技术水平和综合素质,从而提高病案形态学编码的正确率和DIP的入组率。

结构式心理护理在ICD术后放电患者中的应用

目的:探讨结构式心理护理对埋藏式心脏复律除颤器(ICD)植入术后放电患者负性情绪的影响。方法:研究对象为安徽省某医院急诊科治疗的102例植入ICD术后放电患者,其中2019年1月-2020年12月的51例患者纳入对照组,2021年1月-2022年12月的51例患者纳入观察组。对照组患者给予常规心理干预,观察组患者给予结构式心理护理措施,并使用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、疾病不确定感量表(MUIS)评估和比较两组患者入科时和转科时的相关指标。结果:观察组患者护理干预后的SAS、SDS及MUIS评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:结构式心理护理能有效降低ICD植入术后放电患者的疾病不确定感及焦虑、抑郁情绪,值得临床推广应用。

肝恶性肿瘤介入治疗分类与ICD编码案例分析

肝恶性肿瘤介入治疗主要涉及心血管系统手术、消化系统手术和一些诊断性、治疗性操作,参照《国际疾病分类第九版手术与操作ICD-9-CM-3》(2011修订版)一书,相关的病案首页手术编码操作集中在第九章心血管系统手术、第十一章消化系统手术及第十八章各种诊断性和治疗性操作相关章节。通过病案编码员阅读手术记录,提取手术步骤,进而查找到正确手术操作编码及其排序,已成为目前介入手术病案首页填写的难点。按照目前肝恶性肿瘤介入治疗的分类,主要以“动脉造影术”“栓塞”“灌注”“植入”“破坏”及“消融”为主导词进行查找。