Surveillance Report of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Tinghu District,Yancheng City,2021

Objective:To comprehensively understand the changes and prevalence of major chronic diseases among residents of Tinghu District,Yancheng City,in 2021,and to analyze the trends of the major risk factors for the onset of chronic diseases in the region.Methods:Chronic diseases and their risk factors in Tinghu District in 2021 were monitored among the resident population who had lived in the district for five years or more and were aged 18 years or older.The survey was conducted using random cluster sampling,with 7,130 questionnaires collected.After data processing,7,012 valid questionnaires were obtained,resulting in a qualification rate of 98.35%.Results:Among the chronic diseases reported in the survey population,hypertension had the highest prevalence at 37.61%,followed by dyslipidemia at 37.19%.Other chronic diseases were ranked in order of prevalence from highest to lowest.Regardless of gender,the top three chronic diseases were hypertension,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia.Multifactorial regression analysis identified both non-preventable risk factors(such as family history,gender,and age)and preventable risk factors(such as smoking,sedentary behavior,overweight,and obesity)as significant contributors to the major chronic diseases in Tinghu District.Conclusion:Analyzing the trends in the main risk factors for chronic disease incidence in Tinghu District,Yancheng City,provides a basis for developing a new comprehensive chronic disease prevention and control plan to address chronic disease prevention and management.

Research progress of 24-hour movement behaviors in chronic non-communicable disease

Chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs)represent a significant impediment to improve life expectancy and remain a focal point in global public health and disease prevention efforts.24-hour movement behaviors,which include sleep,sedentary behavior(SED),and physical activity,underscore the inherent connections between different daily activities and the comprehensive impact of overall movement patterns on health.Evidence suggested that modifying patterns of 24-hour movement behaviors can aid in preventing and attenuating the progression of NCDs.This study systematically delineated the concept,evolution,analytical methods,and intrinsic associations of 24-hour movement behaviors,emphasizing their pivotal role in the prevention and management of NCDs such as obesity,mental disorders,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,and renal diseases.Future research endeavors should focus on refining methodologies,broadening study populations,developing research tools,and exploring precise intervention strategies and interdisciplinary approaches to comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of NCDs prevention and management from a temporal perspective.Such efforts are poised to provide substantive guidance and support for public health practices.

Prevalence of Risk Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases to the National Teaching Hospital “HKM” of Cotonou

Background: In 2008 Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were responsible for 63% of deaths worldwide and 80% of these deaths occurred in developing countries. Four of them were responsible for more than 80% of mortality from NCDs, which were cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. They shared the same risk factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence of NCD risk factors in patients admitted to consult in the outpatient unit of the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou. Patients and Methods: This was a transversal, descriptive and analytical study which took place from 15 June 2011 to 16 September 2011. It focused on 1000 subjects found after a recruitment of all patients coming to consult during the study period. The collection technique was a questionnaire followed by physical measures (weight, height, blood pressure and waist) and biological measures (fasting glucose and cholesterol). The data were analyzed with the software Epi-3.3.2 info. Results: The mainly prevalent behavioural risk factors were smoking (10.2%), alcohol consumption (60.3%), insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (84.2%), and physical inactivity (57.6%). The prevalent physical risk factors were hypertension (47.4%), obesity (27.5%), and overweight (35.3%). The prevalent biological risk factors were diabetes (28.5%), and hypercholesterolemia (10.4%). The level of cardiovascular risk was higher than 40% in 81 people (8.1%). Conclusion: This study shows the importance of risk factors for NCDs in outpatient Unit in the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou.

Low Grip Strength and Increased Mortality Hazard among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults with Chronic Diseases

Objective This study aims to evaluate the association between lower grip strength and mortality hazard.Methods We selected 10,280 adults aged 45 to 96 years old from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and used multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to assess the association of grip strength with mortality hazard.In addition,we explored the possibility of a nonlinear relationship using a 4-knot restricted spline regression.Results We found that elevated grip strength was associated with lower mortality up to a certain threshold.The baseline quartile values of grip strength were 30,37,and 44 kg for males and 25,30,and35 kg for females.After adjusting for confounders,with category 1 as the reference group,the adjusted HRs were 0.58(0.42-0.79)in males and 0.70(0.48-0.99)in females(category 4).We also found a linear association between grip strength values and all-cause death risk(males,P=0.274;females,P=0.883)using restricted spline regression.For males with a grip strength<37 kg and females with a grip strength<30 kg,grip strength and death were negatively associated.Conclusion Grip strength below a sex-specific threshold is inversely associated with mortality hazard among middle-aged and older Chinese adults with chronic diseases.

Targeting mitochondrial phenotypes for non-communicable diseases

The concept that ＂Exercise is Medicine＂ has been challenged by the rising prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases （NCDs）. This is partly due to the fact that the underlying mechanisms of how exercise influences energy homeostasis and counteracts high-fat diets and physical inactivity is complex and remains relatively poorly understood on a molecular level. In addition to genetic polymorphisms in humans that lead to gross variations in responsiveness to exercise, adaptation in mitochondrial networks is central to physical activity, inactivity, and diet. To harness the benefits of exercise for NCDs, much work still needs to be done to improve health effectively on a societal level such as developing personalized exercise interventions aided by advances in high-throughput genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. We propose that understanding the mitochondrial phenotype according to the molecular information of genotypes, lifestyles, and exercise responsiveness in individuals will optimize exercise effects for prevention of NCDs.

Life’s Essential 8 and risk of non-communicable chronic diseases:Outcome-wide analyses

Background:Life’s Simple 7,the former construct of cardiovascular health(CVH)has been used to evaluate adverse non-communicable chronic diseases(NCDs).However,some flaws have been recognized in recent years and Life’s Essential 8 has been established.In this study,we aimed to analyze the association between CVH defined by Life’s Essential 8 and risk of 44 common NCDs and further estimate the population attributable fractions(PAFs)of low-moderate CVH scores in the 44 NCDs.Methods:In the UK Biobank,170,726 participants free of 44 common NCDs at baseline were included.The Life’s Essential 8 composite measure consists of four health behaviours(diet,physical activity,nicotine exposure,and sleep)and four health factors(body mass index,non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol,blood glucose,and blood pressure),and the maximum CVH score was 100 points.CVH score was categorized into low,moderate,and high groups.Participants were followed up for 44 NCDs diagnosis across 10 human system disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition(ICD-10)code using linkage to national health records until 2022.Cox proportional hazard models were used in this study.The hazard ratios(HRs)and PAFs of 44 NCDs associated with CVH score were examined.Results:During the median follow-up of 10.85 years,58,889 incident NCD cases were documented.Significant linear dose-response associations were found between higher CVH score and lower risk of 25(56.8%)of 44 NCDs.Low-moderate CVH(<80 points)score accounted for the largest proportion of incident cases in diabetes(PAF:80.3%),followed by gout(59.6%),sleep disorder(55.6%),chronic liver disease(45.9%),chronic kidney disease(40.9%),ischemic heart disease(40.8%),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(40.0%),endometrium cancer(35.8%),lung cancer(34.0%),and heart failure(34.0%)as the top 10.Among the eight modifiable factors,overweight/obesity explained the largest number of cases of incident NCDs in endocrine,nutritional,and metabolic diseases(35.4%),digestive system disorders(21.4%),mental and behavioral disorders(12.6%),and cancer(10.3%);however,the PAF of ideal sleep duration ranked first in nervous system(27.5%)and neuropsychiatric disorders(9.9%).Conclusions:Improving CVH score based on Life’s Essential 8 may lower risk of 25 common NCDs.Among CVH metrics,avoiding overweight/obesity may be especially important to prevent new cases of metabolic diseases,NCDs in digestive system,mental and behavioral disorders,and cancer.

Mortality from chronic liver disease:Recent trends and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Prepandemic time trends in mortality from chronic liver disease(CLD)differed according to specific cause of death(decreasing for liver cirrhosis,stable or increasing for liver cancer),etiology(increasing for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,generally decreasing for other etiologies),and world region(decreasing in areas with the highest burden of hepatitis B virus,increasing in Eastern Europe and other countries).The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic affected mortality of patients with CLD both directly,with a higher risk for severe illness and death depending on age,stage and etiology of the disease,and indirectly,through social isolation and loss of support,harmful drinking,and difficulties in access to care.Nevertheless,only sparse data are available on variations in CLD as a cause of death during the pandemic.In the USA,in 2020-2021 a growth in mortality was registered for all liver diseases,more marked for alcoholic liver disease,especially among young people aged 25-44 years and in selected ethnic groups.COVID-19 related deaths accounted only for a minor part of the excess.Further data from mortality registers of other countries are warranted,preferably adopting the so-called multiple cause-of-death approach,and extended to deaths attributed to viral hepatitis and liver cancer.

Potential of Sestrin2 in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases

The prevalence and lethality of chronic non-communicable diseases are constantly rising,becoming a global public health problem.The occurrence and development of chronic diseases are closely related to the generation of excessive free radicals and active oxygen in the body,and anti-oxidation will become an effective treatment.Sestrin2 protein,as a new stress protein found in mammals in recent years,has unique advantages in antioxidants,and is expected to become an effective biomarker and therapeutic target for chronic diseases.The following is a review of the regulatory role and mechanism of sestrin2 in chronic diseases in order to provide a reference for the research of other scholars.

Associated Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease in Three Sites across Ivory Coast: An Urban (Cocody), Peri-Urban (Abobo) and Rural (Yocoboué) Area

Introduction: The prevalence of Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased so it’s becoming a global public health problem. This problem is also threatening in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) country including Ivory Coast. Ivory Coast is a country of 22.6 million people experiencing rapid economic development and social change. All development is typically associated with an increase in non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of the major risk factors of NCDs among the population of Cocody, Abobo and Yocoboué in the Ivory Coast. Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and involved 1146 adults of 19 to 60 years from general population in Cocody (urban), Abob (peri-urban) and Yocoboué (rural). The WHO STEPS risk factor survey has been changed a bit and was administered. it contains anthropometric and biochemical measures. Results: The prevalence of NCD risk factors was markedly different across the three sites particularly between urban (Cocody) and rural (Yocoboué) areas. The overall prevalence estimates of the risk factors were 15.2% for current smoking, 57.71% for harmful use of alcohol, 58.84% for low physical activity, 24.71% for sedentariness (sitting at least 7 h), 69.45% for skipping breakfast, 61% for having late dinner and 36% for snacking. Concerning biological risk factor we noticed 40.95% for Overweight/obesity, 52.96% for abdominal obesity, 14.61% for raised blood pressure, 23.37% for raised blood sugar and 18.51 low HDL-C. Being female has an important associated with an increased risk for having abdominal obesity (OR: 25.7) and being overweight or obese (OR: 11.3), suffering from hypertension increased with age, 30 - 39 years (OR 8.45), 40 - 49 years (OR 13.4) and 50 years and above (OR 24.6). Conclusion: Adult residents in the two (Urban and peri-urban) of three different areas are developing high-risk NCDs, particularly Cocody’s population. At the end, we observed among participants that the female gender, living in urban areas and clustering are the most concerned by non-communicable disease risk factors. To reach the goal, preventive and therapeutic interventions are needed among the targeted population.

Prediction of mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a common medical condition that is increasing in prevalence.Existing published evidence has revealed through regression analyses that several clinical characteristics are associated with mortality in CKD patients.However,the predictive accuracies of these risk factors for mortality have not been clearly demonstrated.AIM To demonstrate the accuracy of mortality predictive factors in CKD patients by utilizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)analysis.METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library for eligible articles through January 2021.Studies were included based on the following criteria:(1)Study nature was observational or conference abstract;(2)Study populations involved patients with non-transplant CKD at any CKD stage severity;and(3)Predictive factors for mortality were presented with AUC analysis and its associated 95%confidence interval(CI).AUC of 0.70-0.79 is considered acceptable,0.80-0.89 is considered excellent,and more than 0.90 is considered outstanding.RESULTS Of 1759 citations,a total of 18 studies(n=14579)were included in this systematic review.Eight hundred thirty two patients had non-dialysis CKD,and 13747 patients had dialysis-dependent CKD(2160 patients on hemodialysis,370 patients on peritoneal dialysis,and 11217 patients on non-differentiated dialysis modality).Of 24 mortality predictive factors,none were deemed outstanding for mortality prediction.A total of seven predictive factors[N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),BNP,soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor(suPAR),augmentation index,left atrial reservoir strain,C-reactive protein,and systolic pulmonary artery pressure]were identified as excellent.Seventeen predictive factors were in the acceptable range,which we classified into the following subgroups:predictors for the non-dialysis population,echocardiographic factors,comorbidities,and miscellaneous.CONCLUSION Several factors were found to predict mortality in CKD patients.Echocardiography is an important tool for mortality prognostication in CKD patients by evaluating left atrial reservoir strain,systolic pulmonary artery pressure,diastolic function,and left ventricular mass index.

Community-based intervention of chronic disease management program in rural areas of Indonesia

Objective:This study evaluates the community-based intervention of chronic disease management(CDM)through the Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Health Post(Posbindu-NCD)conducted by a community of health workers(CHWs)in Indonesia’s rural areas.Methods:A cohor t retrospective study evaluated 577 par ticipants from Posbindu-NCD in 7 public health centers(PHCs)in 2019.Activities of intervention of CDM for Posbindu-NCD was included,identified risk factors to NCDs,and provided counselling education and other follow-ups based on interviews and measurement results from the five Desk systems that recorded in a medical record as a form of the monthly activity report each the first month,the 6 months,and the 12th month.Results:There were statistically significant differences for alcohol consumed and diabetes mellites(χ^(2)=10.455;P=0.001).There were significant differences on gender(χ^(2)=3.963;P=0.047),on ethnicity(χ^(2)=19.873;P<0.001),and hypertension.In addition,there were also significant differences on ethnicity(χ^(2)=15.307;P<0.001),vegetable consumption(χ^(2)=4.435;P=0.035),physical exercise(χ^(2)=6.328;P=0.012),and the current diseases of hypercholesterolemia of par ticipants.Fur thermore,the survival rate among patients who have overweight,abdominal overweight,hyper tension,diabetes mellitus,and hypercholesterolemia increased among par ticipants who regularly visited Posbindu-NCD compared with the non-regularly one.Conclusions:The CDM program’s community-based intervention through Posbindu-NCD conducted by CHWs improved survival rates in Indonesia’s rural areas.Therefore,this program can be fur ther developed in conducting CDM in the community with the active involvement of CHWs so that the community becomes active regularly in par ticipating in Posbindu-NCD activities in rural areas of Indonesia.

GRED对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清IL-10 TGF-β_(1) sPD-1和sPD-L1表达水平及临床表现的影响

目的:分析胃食管反流病(GRED)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、转化生长因子-β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))、可溶性程序性死亡受体-1(sPD-1)和sPD-1配体(sPD-L1)表达水平及临床表现的影响。方法:选取我院2022年1月至2023年9月收治的104例COPD患者,按照患者是否合并反流性疾病,将其分别纳入合并组、未合并组。对比两组肺功能、IL-10、TGF-β_(1)、sPD-L1和sPD-1表达水平及临床表现差异。结果:104例COPD患者中,32例合并GERD,占30.77%。合并组IL-10低于未合并组,其TGF-β_(1)、sPD-1、sPD-L1均高于未合并组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。合并组FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1%均低于未合并组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。合并组CASA-Q问卷咳嗽症状、咳嗽影响、咳痰症状、咳痰影响评分,以及mMRC评分和SGRQ问卷各项目评分、总分均高于未合并组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:近1/3的COPD患者合并GERD,且GERD与患者更为强烈的炎症反应和sPD-1、sPD-L1高表达有关,并伴有更差的肺功能和更严重的临床表现。

Opportunity and challenge of big data in improving chronic non-communicable diseases： by health system engineering approaches

Chronic non-communicable diseases （NCDs） is a sick- state in the complex system of human body. Healthsystems engineering approach can be used to recover health state by many different ways of system adjustments, including physical exercises, nutrition and psychological intervention, and drug therapies. To evaluate and assess the effects of these adjustments, many parameters of the system states have to be monitored （such as molecular high- throughput technologies, physiological, image, etc.）, and estimated at the different levels （such as molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels） and on the different dimensions （such as metabolic, immune, neural, etc.） for human system. Huge data have been produced during the whole process, and health systems engineering approach will model health and sick state in the human system by detecting and analyzing these multi-dimension and multi- level big-data in order to find personal suitable adjustment method.

细胞凋亡与慢性肾脏病

细胞凋亡属于细胞程序性死亡,有助于细胞更替、免疫系统的正常功能和胚胎发育,细胞凋亡主要由内源性途径、外源性途径、内质网应激等途径介导,在疾病的发生和发展中发挥重要的作用。慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)为肾结构或功能异常超过3个月且对健康产生影响的疾病,细胞凋亡与其有一定的关联。揭示肾内皮细胞、足细胞、肾小管上皮细胞、肾小球系膜细胞、肾间质成纤维细胞等肾不同类型的细胞凋亡情况,以及CKD中的凋亡相关途径,可为发现治疗CKD新靶点提供参考。

河南省某地户籍居民2017—2022年主要慢性病死亡情况

目的 了解和掌握河南省某地户籍居民的死亡状况、主要慢性病死亡情况,为当地健康策略的优化提供科学依据。方法 利用该地户籍居民2017—2022年死亡资料,分析主要慢性病占比、粗死亡率、4类主要慢性病(恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性呼吸系统疾病)的早死概率及去死因期望寿命。结果 2017—2022年该县共报告户籍死亡18 543例,其中4类主要慢性疾病14 220例,粗死亡率为455.76/10万,占总死亡总数的76.69%。4类主要慢性病早死概率为14.67%,其中按性别男性早死概率为19.12%,女性为9.99%,男性早死概率高于女性;去除4类主要慢性疾病死因后,户籍居民期望寿命增加了7.03岁,其中男性增加了7.62岁;女性为5.97岁。结论 该地区主要慢性病已成为影响居民死亡的主要原因,也是影响期望寿命的重要因素,需进一步加强慢性病综合防控措施,降低4类主要慢性病对死亡水平和期望寿命的影响。

非转移性非小细胞肺癌患者慢阻肺相关死亡率及其危险因素

目的探索非转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)相关死亡率及其危险因素。方法本研究为回顾性队列研究,纳入美国“监测、流行病学和最终结果”(SEER)数据库中2010—2019年间确诊的非转移性NSCLC患者,其中队列1入组18~<80岁患者89621例,用于计算慢阻肺相关死亡率;队列2在队列1基础上纳入60~<80岁患者71949例,通过竞争风险模型分析慢阻肺相关死亡的危险因素。结果非转移性NSCLC患者慢阻肺相关死亡率为2.86%,慢阻肺相关死亡率随年龄增长而升高,60~<80岁患者的慢阻肺相关死亡率为3.24%,占全年龄段慢阻肺相关死亡人数的90.9%。在单因素竞争风险模型中,高龄、男性、白种人、鳞癌、淋巴结转移阴性、未行手术治疗、放疗、未行化疗、低收入人群、单身是发生慢阻肺相关死亡的危险因素。多因素竞争风险模型显示高龄(70~74岁:HR=1.24,95%CI:1.09~1.42;75~79岁:HR=1.23,95%CI:1.07~1.41)、鳞癌(HR=1.75,95%CI:1.60~1.92)、放疗(HR=1.58,95%CI:1.41~1.70)是慢阻肺相关死亡的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论非转移性NSCLC患者慢阻肺相关死亡率较高,高龄、鳞癌和放疗是其主要危险因素。

老年COPD合并重症多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎的短期死亡预警模型构建

目的构建一种基于LASSO(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator)-logistic回归算法的模型,用于预测老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并重症多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎患者的短期死亡风险。方法将2022年1月至2023年12月西安高新医院呼吸与危重症医学科的74例老年COPD合并重症多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎患者选为研究对象,其中男55例,女19例,年龄<70岁41例,≥70岁33例。通过LASSO-logistic回归算法筛选出与短期死亡风险显著相关的临床变量,利用这些变量构建风险预测模型,并采用10折交叉验证和Bootstrap方法对模型进行内部验证,从区分度[曲线下面积(AUC)]、校准度(校准曲线)方面评估模型的性能。采用χ^(2)检验、独立样本t检验。结果观察30 d内患者的生存情况,根据患者转归情况分为死亡组(21例)和生存组(53例),病死率为28.37%(21/74)。LASSO法通过交叉验证确定最优参数后,从一般资料、临床病理特征及既往治疗信息中筛选出5个与短期死亡密切相关的变量:行机械通气、行纤维支气管镜检查、使用镇静药物、合并脓毒症休克和使用抗真菌药物,这些变量被纳入logistic回归模型,回归分析显示它们是老年COPD合并重症多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎患者死亡的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。基于模型构建的用于预测老年COPD合并重症多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎的短期死亡的森林图模型展示出良好的预测效能(AUC值为0.927),在训练集的分析中,Bootstrap法进行的1000次重抽样验证和校准曲线分析显示,模型预测结果与实际情况高度一致,验证曲线的平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.027,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验也证实了模型的校准度良好。结论本研究构建的LASSO-logistic回归模型能够有效预测老年COPD合并重症多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎患者的短期死亡风险。该模型有助于临床医生在治疗决策过程中更好地识别高风险患者,从而及时采取适当的治疗措施。

Satisfaction about Patient-centeredness and Healthcare System among Patients with Chronic Multimorbidity

The aim of the present study was to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity in Bangladesh,India and China,and to assess the relationship between multimorbidity and patient's opinion regarding their involvement in healthcare decision-making and overall satisfaction of healthcare system.Cross-sectional data on 18696 men and women aged 18 and above were collected from the World Health Survey of World Health Organization(WHO).Outcome variables were subjective rating of(1)healthcare system's ability to involve patients in decision-making,and(2)satisfaction with the way healthcare system runs in the country.Self-reported chronic conditions were used to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity.Out of 9 chronic conditions,back pain,arthritis,and chronic cough appeared to be the most prevalent ones among majority of the participants.About one-third of the participants in China(30.7%)and two-thirds in Bangladesh(66.1%)and India(66.6%)reported having at least one chronic illness.Prevalence of multimorbidity was highest in India(34.3%)followed by Bangladesh(28.8%)and China(14.3%).In Bangladesh,India and China,respectively 70.5%,41.7%,61.3%women and 54.5%,42.8%and 58.8%men expressed dissatisfaction regarding the way healthcare system runs in their country.In Bangladesh and India,men who were living with multimorbidity were more likely to rate the patient-centeredness as"bad"than those who had no disease illness.This study suggests that the prevalence of multimorbidity was remarkably high especially in Bangladesh and India.Higher likelihood of dissatisfaction about healthcare system among multimorbid patients might be indicative of inadequacy in the provision of care in qualitative and quantitative terms.

不同相位角水平对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者预后的评估价值

目的:不同相位角水平对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者预后的评估价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年6月至2022年3月苏州大学附属第二医院收治的210例老年COPD患者临床资料,对所有患者进行出院后3个月随访。将135例低相位角水平患者纳入低相位角组,将75例正常相位角水平患者纳入正常相位角组,并将患者出现急性加重症状、全因死亡作为2个终点事件,对不同相位角水平评估老年COPD患者预后情况的价值进行单因素、多因素回归分析。结果:正常相位角组年龄、体重指数、吸烟比例、入住重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)比例、改良英国医学研究学会呼吸困难指数(modified British Medical Research Council,mMRC)量表评分、过去3个月COPD急性加重次数、慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,GOLD)分级、病情等级、第1秒用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压与吸入氧浓度的比值(ratio of the partial arterial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen,PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))、相位角水平与低相位角组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。随访3个月,COPD急性加重症状者139例,死亡25例。将随访3个月内出现急性加重症状作为终点事件,经log-rank法分析,低相位角组出现COPD急性加重症状的时间短于正常相位角组(P<0.05)。将随访3个月内全因死亡作为终点事件,经log-rank法分析,低相位角组生存率低于正常相位角组(P<0.05)。单因素分析与多因素Cox回归分析显示:年龄、mMRC评分、病情等级、过去3个月COPD急性加重次数、低相位角水平均是老年COPD患者随访3个月内出现急性加重的危险因素(均P<0.05)。单因素分析与多因素Cox回归分析显示:mMRC评分、病情等级、低相位角水平均是老年COPD患者随访3个月内全因死亡的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:低相位角水平是老年COPD患者随访3个月内发生疾病急性加重及死亡的独立危险因素,其对于患者预后的预测具有一定价值。

程序性死亡受体1抑制剂在慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并非小细胞肺癌患者中的应用效果

目的探讨程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)抑制剂在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中的应用效果,并观察其对患者免疫功能、生活质量的影响。方法根据治疗方案的不同将90例COPD合并NSCLC患者分为对照组(n=50)和观察组(n=40),对照组患者给予多西他赛+顺铂化疗,观察组患者给予纳武利尤单抗联合多西他赛+顺铂化疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、免疫功能指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原125(CA125)、癌胚抗原(CEA)]水平、生活质量[卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分]和不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者的客观缓解率为72.00%,高于对照组患者的50.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组不同TNM分期患者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于对照组,CD8^(+)、CA125、CEA水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组不同TNM分期患者KPS评分及总改善率均高于本组治疗前,观察组患者KPS评分及总改善率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者不良反应总发生率为14.00%,与对照组患者的30.00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PD-1抑制剂治疗COPD合并NSCLC患者的疗效显著,可改善患者的免疫功能和生活质量,且不增加不良反应发生风险。