This paper presents debris-flow numerical simulations using the Hyper KANAKO system,developed by the authors.The system uses the debris flow simulator KANAKO 2D equipped with a graphical user interface(GUI);hence,a us...This paper presents debris-flow numerical simulations using the Hyper KANAKO system,developed by the authors.The system uses the debris flow simulator KANAKO 2D equipped with a graphical user interface(GUI);hence,a user can easily produce appropriate landform data for simulations using standard laser profiler data,and visualize the results using a GIS.Hyper KANAKO was applied to the streams around Kiyomizu-dera in Kyoto,Japan.Kiyomizu-dera is a famous temple in Japan which is visited by numerous tourists throughout the year.We simulated a disaster scenario of debris flow caused by torrential rain.We set the hydrograph using rainfall intensity data,and set the landform data using information from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan(GSI) and a digital elevation model(DEM).We evaluated different mesh sizes and also used a digital surface model(DSM) to consider the building heights.The simulation results showed that with small mesh size,the debris flowmoved through the roads,which seems realistic for a disaster situation.When buildings were considered,the flow direction changed,and a 1-m flow depth,which was deeper than in other cases,appeared in the flow path.This may pose a dangerous situation for evacuations.展开更多
利用NCEP/NCAR多年逐日再分析资料、美国环境预报中心CMAP(NOAA NCEP Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation)候平均降雨量资料以及全国740站逐日降水资料,对华南前汛期和江淮梅雨期大范围持续性暴雨过程中西太...利用NCEP/NCAR多年逐日再分析资料、美国环境预报中心CMAP(NOAA NCEP Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation)候平均降雨量资料以及全国740站逐日降水资料,对华南前汛期和江淮梅雨期大范围持续性暴雨过程中西太平洋副高短期位置变异的异同及其可能成因进行了分析。结果表明:华南和江淮大范围持续性暴雨期间,西太平洋副高位置均比同期气候平均值异常偏南偏西,且强度偏强。华南暴雨期间,副高西北侧华南地区以及西侧孟加拉湾地区存在异常强烈的视热源和视水汽汇;江淮暴雨期间,副高北侧江淮流域及西侧孟加拉湾地区也存在异常强烈的视热源和视水汽汇。运用全型垂直涡度倾向方程理论,研究非绝热加热对西太平洋副高短期位置变异的影响,结果表明:副高位置的短期变异与非绝热加热场及其配置有密切联系。华南暴雨期间,副高西北侧边缘的华南地区加热场可在短期内迫使副高东撤南退;江淮暴雨期间,副高北侧江淮流域加热场的存在不利于副高北进,而西侧较远处孟加拉湾热源会诱导副高西伸,两者的共同作用导致副高在江淮以南维持,且会明显西伸。展开更多
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant No.24710206,Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
文摘This paper presents debris-flow numerical simulations using the Hyper KANAKO system,developed by the authors.The system uses the debris flow simulator KANAKO 2D equipped with a graphical user interface(GUI);hence,a user can easily produce appropriate landform data for simulations using standard laser profiler data,and visualize the results using a GIS.Hyper KANAKO was applied to the streams around Kiyomizu-dera in Kyoto,Japan.Kiyomizu-dera is a famous temple in Japan which is visited by numerous tourists throughout the year.We simulated a disaster scenario of debris flow caused by torrential rain.We set the hydrograph using rainfall intensity data,and set the landform data using information from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan(GSI) and a digital elevation model(DEM).We evaluated different mesh sizes and also used a digital surface model(DSM) to consider the building heights.The simulation results showed that with small mesh size,the debris flowmoved through the roads,which seems realistic for a disaster situation.When buildings were considered,the flow direction changed,and a 1-m flow depth,which was deeper than in other cases,appeared in the flow path.This may pose a dangerous situation for evacuations.
文摘利用NCEP/NCAR多年逐日再分析资料、美国环境预报中心CMAP(NOAA NCEP Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation)候平均降雨量资料以及全国740站逐日降水资料,对华南前汛期和江淮梅雨期大范围持续性暴雨过程中西太平洋副高短期位置变异的异同及其可能成因进行了分析。结果表明:华南和江淮大范围持续性暴雨期间,西太平洋副高位置均比同期气候平均值异常偏南偏西,且强度偏强。华南暴雨期间,副高西北侧华南地区以及西侧孟加拉湾地区存在异常强烈的视热源和视水汽汇;江淮暴雨期间,副高北侧江淮流域及西侧孟加拉湾地区也存在异常强烈的视热源和视水汽汇。运用全型垂直涡度倾向方程理论,研究非绝热加热对西太平洋副高短期位置变异的影响,结果表明:副高位置的短期变异与非绝热加热场及其配置有密切联系。华南暴雨期间,副高西北侧边缘的华南地区加热场可在短期内迫使副高东撤南退;江淮暴雨期间,副高北侧江淮流域加热场的存在不利于副高北进,而西侧较远处孟加拉湾热源会诱导副高西伸,两者的共同作用导致副高在江淮以南维持,且会明显西伸。
