Platelet adhesion to the surface of a sudden tubular expansion tube under swirling flow condition

The size mismatch in an end-to-end vascular anastomosis between the host vessel and the graft may cause flow disturbance and predispose to thrombosis [1].Although a number of techniques have been employed to reduce the risk of anastomotic thrombosis due to the size mismatch。

Experimental investigation on flow characteristics in circular tube inserted with rotor-assembled strand using PIV

Rotor-assembled strand works as a typical tube insert to achieve heat transfer augmentation and scale inhibition in a heat exchanger.In this work, the PIV experiment regarding the flow fields in a circular tube inserted with rotor-assembled strand was conducted and the flow characteristics on transverse section and longitudinal section were analyzed.The results showed that swirling flow was produced in the tube inserted with rotors and it was particularly strong within the swing diameter of the rotor on the section that contains the rotor;the average turbulence intensity and the radial velocity were improved notably; the velocity vectors on the longitudinal section remained along the direction of a straight line; both the swirling flow and average turbulence intensity were higher for the rotor with three blades than for the rotor with two blades except that the radial velocity was approximate, but they were all reduced by enlarging the lead of the rotor.Characterization of the flow patterns in a circular tube contributes to understanding the heat transfer efficiency and scale inhibition performance of the rotor-assembled strand and provides guidance for its application.

Numerical prediction of vortex flow and thermal separation in a subsonic vortex tube

This work was aimed at gaining understanding of the physical behaviours of the flow and temperature separation process in a vortex tube. To investigate the cold mass fraction’s effect on the temperature separation, the numerical calculation was carried out using an algebraic Reynolds stress model (ASM) and the standard k-ε model. The modelling of turbulence of com-pressible, complex flows used in the simulation is discussed. Emphasis is given to the derivation of the ASM for 2D axisymmet-rical flows, particularly to the model constants in the algebraic Reynolds stress equations. The TEFESS code, based on a staggered Finite Volume approach with the standard k-ε model and first-order numerical schemes, was used to carry out all the computations. The predicted results for strongly swirling turbulent compressible flow in a vortex tube suggested that the use of the ASM leads to better agreement between the numerical results and experimental data, while the k-ε model cannot capture the stabilizing effect of the swirl.

THE DECAY OF SWIRLING FLOWS IN A TYPE OF CROSS-SECTION-VARYING PIPES

The decay of weakly swirling flows in a type of cross-section-varying pipes was discussed analytically. For laminar swirling flow, the feature of exponential decay was demonstrated. For turbulent swirling flow, in spite of the decay of circulation flux, a necessary condition for local circulation to amplify along downstream was obtained under the Boussinesq's hypothesis.

Compound Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Converging-Diverging Tube with Evenly Spaced Twisted-tapes

Pressure drop and compound heat transfer characteristics of a converging-diverging tube with evenly spaced twisted-tapes （CD-T tube） have been investigated experimentally. Swirl was generated by evenly spaced twisted-tape elements which vary in twist ratio and rotation angle. Space ratio also has an important effect on the characteristics. For comparison, experiments in a smooth circular tube and a converging-diverging （CD） tube with-out twisted-tapes were carried out. The results show that the twisted-tape with twist ratio y=4.72 and rotation angle θ=180° has the best performance among the four types of twisted-tapes presented in this paper. At Reynolds number ranging from 3400 to 20000, when space ratio s=48.6, the heat transfer efficiency index, which increases as the Reynolds number increases, is 0.85-1.21 and 1.07-1.15 compared to that of a smooth circular tube and a CD tube without twisted-tape inserts, respectively.

Flow Past an Accumulator Unit of an Underwater Energy Storage System： Three Touching Balloons in a Floral Configuration

An LES simulation of flow over an accumulator unit of an underwater compressed air energy storage facility was conducted. The accumulator unit consists of three touching underwater balloons arranged in a floral configuration. The structure of the flow was examined via three dimensional iso surfaces of the Q criterion. Vortical cores were observed on the leeward surface of the balloons. The swirling tube flows generated by these vortical cores were depicted through three dimensional path lines. The flow dynamics were visualized via time series snapshots of two dimensional vorticity contours perpendicular to the flow direction; revealing the turbulent swinging motions of the aforementioned shedding-swirling tube flows. The time history of the hydrodynamic loading was presented in terms of lift and drag coefficients. Drag coefficient of each individual balloon in the floral configuration was smaller than that of a single balloon. It was found that the total drag coefficient of the floral unit of three touching balloons, i.e. summation of the drag coefficients of the balloons, is not too much larger than that of a single balloon whereas it provides three times the storage capacity. In addition to its practical significance in designing appropriate foundation and supports, the instantaneous hydrodynamic loading was used to determine the frequency of the turbulent swirling-swinging motions of the shedding vortex tubes; the Strouhal number was found to be larger than that of a single sphere at the same Reynolds number.

Turbulent flow in converging nozzles,part one:boundary layer solution

The boundary layer integral method is used to investigate the development of the turbulent swirling flow at the entrance region of a conical nozzle. The governing equations in the spherical coordinate system are simplified with the boundary layer as- sumptions and integrated through the boundary layer. The resulting sets of differential equations are then solved by the fourth-order Adams predictor-corrector method. The free vortex and uniform velocity profiles are applied for the tangential and axial velocities at the inlet region, respectively. Due to the lack of experimental data for swirling flows in converging nozzles, the developed model is validated against the numerical simulations. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate the capability of the analytical model in predicting boundary layer parameters such as the boundary layer growth, the shear rate, the boundary layer thickness, and the swirl intensity decay rate for different cone angles. The proposed method introduces a simple and robust procedure to investigate the boundary layer parameters inside the converging geometries.

An advanced turbulator with blades and semi-conical section for heat transfer improvement in a helical double tube heat exchanger

In present work,a helical double tube heat exchanger is proposed in which an advanced turbulator with blades,semi-conical part,and two holes is inserted in inner section.Two geometrical parameters,including angle of turbulator’s blades(θ) and number of turbulator’s blades(N),are considered.Results indicated that firstly,the best thermal stratification is achieved at θ=180°.Furthermore,at the lowest studied mass flow rate(m = 8 × 10^(-3) kg/s),heat transfer coefficient of turbulator with blade angle of 180° is 130.77%,25%,and 36.36% higher than cases including without turbulator,with turbulator with blade angle of θ =240°,and θ =360°,respectively.Moreover,case with N=12 showed the highest overall performance.At the highest studied mass flow rate(m = 5.842 × 10^(-2) kg/s),heat transfer coefficient for case with N=12 is up to 54.76%,27.45%,and 6.56% higher than cases including without turbulator,with turbulator with N=6,and with turbulator with N=9,respectively.

On the Role of Electrodes in Introducing Airflow Distortion in Residential Oil Burners

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of airflow through a retention head residential oil burner were carried out to study the velocity field near and around the fuel spray. The simulations revealed (as expected, based on some previous experimental measurements) the velocity flow field to be far from axisymmetric. Moreover, the center of the swirling airflow was found to be at some radial distance away from the physical centerline of the flame tube. Since it was suspected that the two electrodes just upstream of the retention ring of the burner might be responsible for this flow distortion, additional CFD simulations were then carried out for the cases of no electrodes and 4-electrodes. The results clearly show that all flow distortions (velocity deviations from axisymmetric value) vanish when no electrodes are present and that the flow distortions are reduced by a factor of 2 when two additional dummy electrodes (for a total of 4 electrodes) are included in the burner design. Furthermore, for the 4-electrode case, the eccentricity of the swirling airflow is reduced by almost a factor of 3 as compared to the base design case of 2-electrodes.

LYZH型急冷箱数值模拟与结构优化

为适应加氢反应器大型化趋势,开发了集旋流、撞击及挡板分流等功能于一体的LYZH型急冷箱,其结构由上至下依次为旋流冷氢管、冷氢盘、喷射管和接液盘。采用CFD软件对LYZH型急冷箱进行数值模拟研究,结果表明LYZH型急冷箱具有优秀的传热性能及气液混合性能。为使LYZH型急冷箱的性能得到进一步提升,对其结构进行了优化,最优结构的旋流冷氢管中径为2218.9 mm、喷射管直径为526.9 mm以及接液盘到冷氢盘高度为175.4 mm。与原始结构相比,最优结构的传热性能提高7.61%,压力降降低14.4%,LYZH型急冷箱的综合性能得到较大改善。

涡流管内三维强旋流流场数值模拟

根据流体在涡流管内流动的强旋流特点,建立涡流管内流体流动的三维物理模型,采用计算流体力学中Realizable κ–ε模型对涡流管内流动进行数值模拟,得到切向、轴向与径向流速的分布规律,并对涡流管内部流场的循环流特性进行详细分析。在此基础上,利用量纲一分析方法将数值结果与前人的实测结果加以比较,在一定程度上验证了模拟结果的精确性。数值结果表明,涡流管内的流体流动呈现出复杂的三维流动状态,从旋涡的角度来看,有准自由涡与准强制涡的组合运动;从轴向与切向运动的合成而言,有外旋流与内旋流之分;从径向与切向的综合流动分析,则有所谓的螺旋流存在;就径向与轴向运动的合成而言,则有循环涡流的存在;轴向流速包络面是内外旋气流的分界面,内外旋气流以循环涡流的形式通过轴向零速包络面不断进行传热传质交换。

弯肘型尾水管非定常涡旋流动数值模拟

本文采用有限体积法求解用代数雷诺应力模型封闭的雷诺平均N S方程组 ,对湖北清江隔河岩水电站 1号发电机组的尾水管 ,在部分负荷工况运行时的非定常涡旋流动进行了数值分析。结果表明 ,在水轮机部分负荷运行 ,特别是负荷为 40 %左右时 ,尾水管内形成了明显的旋转涡带。数值模拟得到的尾水管中压力脉动的频率 。

螺旋槽管阻力与换热特性研究

引言 螺旋槽管是一种优良的换热元件.许多学者对其换热强化机理比较一致的看法是:一方面由于螺旋槽的引导作用使得近壁处流体发生旋转,加强了径向扰动;另一方面,发生了绕流脱体,形成了回流区,在再附点处换热最强.同时由于流体的旋转和脱体使得摩擦阻力较大地增大.流体在管内流动过程很复杂,对螺旋槽管的研究基本上是以实验为主的数据拟合,有的学者虽对其进行了数学分析并建立了相应的关联式,但不能表征出流体在管内旋转和脱体的实际流动情况,因此不能对二者的相互耦合进行定性或定量的分析.本文以流体在螺旋槽管内的流态为基础,以期建立能够反映其流动特性的阻力和换热计算公式.

被动强化传热管研究现状

回顾了几种典型的强化换热管元件即波纹管、横纹管、扭曲椭圆管及螺旋槽纹管的研究现状,发现与普通光管相比,这几种强化传热管不仅具有更高的换热能力,还具有较强的抗污垢性能,同时在强化管元件中放置内插物等扰流装置还能继续提高换热能力。基于这些强化传热管元件的较高换热能力在一定工况下才能实现,未来应开发新型的具有扰流、避免流动死区形成的传热管,以满足更广的适用范围或者能够实现更好的换热效果。

超音速喷嘴涡流管气体分离性能的数值模拟与实验

建立了超音速喷嘴涡流管的简化几何模型,利用描述两相双组分超音速冷凝流动的Eulerian双流体三维湍流模型,以含湿空气为介质对装置内部的自发凝结过程进行数值模拟。设计制造相应的装置,建立实验平台,对装置的含湿气体分离性能进行实验研究。通过模拟和实验2种手段研究了影响超音速喷嘴涡流管气体分离性能的参数及其影响规律。结果表明,气流在喷嘴内部达到超音速流动,使得水蒸气自发凝结成液滴,为混合气体分离提供了先决条件;热端管内气体自旋产生的离心加速度可以达到重力加速度的6×105倍,为气、液分离提供了必要条件;降低进出口压力之比和冷流率,增大入口相对湿度和长径比可以提高装置的气体分离性能,安装阻涡器对性能有不利影响。因此,采用超音速喷嘴涡流管实现混合气体中重组分的脱除是可行的。

基于Fluent的涡流管性能及三维强漩流流动的数值模拟

采用Fluent数值模拟的方法,对R41、R32、R23、R290、R134a和R1234yf进行三维数值模拟,得到工质对涡流管制冷效应、制热效应以及分离效应的影响规律,并以R41分析涡流管内部三维压力场、流场和温度场的分布规律。模拟结果表明:R41的制冷、制热以及分离效应最好,最大分离效应为5.2 K。涡流管内部呈现复杂的三维强漩流流动状态;管内漩涡流动是自由涡和强制涡的组合;内部存在顺流、逆流、循环流流动状态,冷热流体的分界点是顺流和逆流的交界处,顺流和逆流流体以循环流形式在分界点进行热量交换。

叶片旋流管内核心流强化传热分析与结构优化

管内湍流强化传热方法一般是增加壁面换热面积,但这会显著提高管内流动阻力。本文根据管内核心流强化传热的原理,提出了一种高效低阻的叶片旋流管,分析其传热强化的机理,建立相应的物理和数学模型。数值分析的结果表明,在圆管内置若干组旋流叶片后,可显著强化管内湍流换热,且流动阻力的增幅低于换热强化的增幅;当常温水流过管长为960mm,管径为20mm的圆管,且在管内核心流区域设置4组4叶片旋流单元时,其性能评价系数SPEC在Re数为3000～15000的范围内均超过1.5,最高可达1.9左右。

含固体颗粒流体旋流场强化传热综合性能实验

为了进一步提高不含固体颗粒流体旋流场强化传热,开展含固体颗粒流体旋流场强化传热综合性能实验,研究颗粒浓度、粒径、Re数等因素对3种扭曲管的综合强化传热性能的影响。结果表明:液固流体换热性能随着颗粒浓度、粒径、Re数的增大而提高。与单相流体比较,当粒径2 mm、颗粒浓度分布1%时,相同Re数下3种扭曲管的Nu数平均提高12.91%,13.12%和15.23%,管内流体压降平均提高60.22%,67.23%和73.16%。通过综合性能评价因子分析,当粒径为2—5 mm、颗粒浓度分布为5%,扭曲管导程为200 mm、椭圆度为1.49时具有较好的综合性能。

同轴交叉旋转射流过程燃烧特性的实验研究

对同轴交叉旋转射流过程的流动和燃烧性能进行了实验研究.结果表明,该射流装置中心管喷口的孔流系数为0.605,旋片阻力系数为0.09;气体从喷口喷出后会在喷口中心形成负压区,轴向速度衰减较快,燃烧所需空气过剩系数小,火焰透明,火体有力,燃烧充分,可以实现低热值燃气在焦化管式加热炉的高效洁净燃烧.

进口轴向叶片旋流器强化管内换热的研究

对进口轴向叶片旋流器强化管内换热进行了试验研究，提供了传热和阻力的试验数据，分析了旋流器结构参数、管内Ｒｅ数、试验段长径比对传热和阻力的影响，得到了传热和阻力准则关联式，并对旋流器强化管内换热的热力性能进行了定量评价。试验表明：在试验范围内使用进口轴向叶片旋流器来强化管内换热总是有利的。