Decision-Making and Management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determinants of SCI self-care behavior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations between impulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurobehavioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gambling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information about associations between impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

Behavioral Decision-Making of Key Stakeholders in Public-Private Partnerships:A Hybrid Method and Benefit Distribution Study

Public-private partnerships(PPPs)have been used by governments around the world to procure and construct infrastructural amenities.It relies on private sector expertise and funding to achieve this lofty objective.However,given the uncertainties of project management,transparency,accountability,and expropriation,this phenomenon has gained tremendous attention in recent years due to the important role it plays in curbing infrastructural deficits globally.Interestingly,the reasonable benefit distribution scheme in a PPP project is related to the behavior decisionmaking of the government and social capital,aswell as the performance of the project.In this paper,the government and social capital which are the key stakeholders of PPP projects were selected as the research objects.Based on the fuzzy expected value model and game theory,a hybrid method was adopted in this research taking into account the different risk preferences of both public entities and private parties under the fuzzy demand environment.To alleviate the problem of insufficient utilization of social capital in a PPP project,this paper seeks to grasp the relationship that exists between the benefit distribution of stakeholders,their behavioral decision-making,and project performance,given that they impact the performance of both public entities and private parties,as well as assist in maximizing the overall utility of the project.Furthermore,four game models were constructed in this study,while the expected value and opportunity-constrained programming model for optimal decision-making were derived using alternate perspectives of both centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making.Afterward,the optimal behavioral decision-making of public entities and private parties in four scenarios was discussed and thereafter compared,which led to an ensuing discussion on the benefit distribution system under centralized decision-making.Lastly,based on an example case,the influence of different confidence levels,price,and fuzzy uncertainties of PPP projects on the equilibrium strategy results of both parties were discussed,giving credence to the effectiveness of the hybrid method.The results indicate that adjusting different confidence levels yields different equilibriumpoints,and therefore signposts that social capital has a fair perception of opportunities,as well as identifies reciprocal preferences.Nevertheless,we find that an increase in the cost coefficient of the government and social capital does not inhibit the effort of both parties.Our results also indicate that a reasonable benefit distribution of PPP projects can assist them in realizing optimum Pareto improvements over time.The results provide us with very useful strategies and recommendations to improve the overall performance of PPP projects in China.

Human-Like Decision-Making of Autonomous Vehicles in Dynamic Traffic Scenarios

With the maturation of autonomous driving technology, the use of autonomous vehicles in a socially acceptable manner has become a growing demand of the public. Human-like autonomous driving is expected due to the impact of the differences between autonomous vehicles and human drivers on safety.Although human-like decision-making has become a research hotspot, a unified theory has not yet been formed, and there are significant differences in the implementation and performance of existing methods. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of human-like decision-making for autonomous vehicles. The following issues are discussed: 1) The intelligence level of most autonomous driving decision-making algorithms;2) The driving datasets and simulation platforms for testing and verifying human-like decision-making;3) The evaluation metrics of human-likeness;personalized driving;the application of decisionmaking in real traffic scenarios;and 4) The potential research direction of human-like driving. These research results are significant for creating interpretable human-like driving models and applying them in dynamic traffic scenarios. In the future, the combination of intuitive logical reasoning and hierarchical structure will be an important topic for further research. It is expected to meet the needs of human-like driving.

On the role of impulsivity and decision-making in suicidal behavior

Suicide risk constitutes a complex set of interacting demographic, clinical, psychobiological and environmental variables. Impulsivity is a long-known risk factor for suicide attempts. However, research based on clearer conceptual refinement in this area is imperative. One emerging field of study is that of decision-making. Impulsivity involves a failure of higher-order control, including decision-making. Using standardized operational definitions that take into consideration relevant aspects of impulsivity, including state- and trait-components and a deeper understanding of the process of decision-making in the suicidal mind, we may come a step closer to understanding suicidality and winning the fight in this scourge of human suffering.

Modeling and TOPSIS-GRA Algorithm for Autonomous Driving Decision-Making Under 5G-V2X Infrastructure

This paper is to explore the problems of intelligent connected vehicles(ICVs)autonomous driving decision-making under a 5G-V2X structured road environment.Through literature review and interviews with autonomous driving practitioners,this paper firstly puts forward a logical framework for designing a cerebrum-like autonomous driving system.Secondly,situated on this framework,it builds a hierarchical finite state machine(HFSM)model as well as a TOPSIS-GRA algorithm for making ICV autonomous driving decisions by employing a data fusion approach between the entropy weight method(EWM)and analytic hierarchy process method(AHP)and by employing a model fusion approach between the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)and grey relational analysis(GRA).The HFSM model is composed of two layers:the global FSM model and the local FSM model.The decision of the former acts as partial input information of the latter and the result of the latter is sent forward to the local pathplanning module,meanwhile pulsating feedback to the former as real-time refresh data.To identify different traffic scenarios in a cerebrum-like way,the global FSM model is designed as 7 driving behavior states and 17 driving characteristic events,and the local FSM model is designed as 16 states and 8 characteristic events.In respect to designing a cerebrum-like algorithm for state transition,this paper firstly fuses AHP weight and EWM weight at their output layer to generate a synthetic weight coefficient for each characteristic event;then,it further fuses TOPSIS method and GRA method at the model building layer to obtain the implementable order of state transition.To verify the feasibility,reliability,and safety of theHFSMmodel aswell as its TOPSISGRA state transition algorithm,this paper elaborates on a series of simulative experiments conducted on the PreScan8.50 platform.The results display that the accuracy of obstacle detection gets 98%,lane line prediction is beyond 70 m,the speed of collision avoidance is higher than 45 km/h,the distance of collision avoidance is less than 5 m,path planning time for obstacle avoidance is averagely less than 50 ms,and brake deceleration is controlled under 6 m/s2.These technical indexes support that the driving states set and characteristic events set for the HFSM model as well as its TOPSIS-GRA algorithm may bring about cerebrum-like decision-making effectiveness for ICV autonomous driving under 5G-V2X intelligent road infrastructure.

Summarizing vehicle driving decision-making methods on vulnerable road user collision avoidance

With the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving technology,the safety of vulnerable road user(VRU)in traffic has been more guaranteed,and many research achievements have been made in the key area of collision avoidance decision-making methods.In this paper,the knowledge mapping method is used to mine the available literature in depth,and it is found that the research focus has shifted from the traditional accident cause analysis to emerging deep learning and virtual reality technology.This paper summarizes research on the three core dimensions of environmental perception,behavior cognition and collision avoidance decision-making in intelligent vehicle systems.In terms of perception,accurate identification of pedestrians and cyclists in complex environments is a major demand for VRU perception;in terms of behavior cognition,the coupling of VRU intention identification and motion trajectory prediction and other multiple factors needs further research;in terms of decision-making,the intention identification and trajectory prediction of collision objects are not included in the risk assessment model,and there is a lack of exploration specifically for cyclists'collision risk.On this basis,this paper provides guidance for the improvement of traffic safety of contemporary VRU under the conditions of intelligent and connected transportation.

Unlocking the Network Traffic Password of the Sudden Popularity of Oriental Selection:Consumer Behavior Decision-Making Mechanism Based on Mental Accounting Theory

This paper explores the decision-making mechanism of the consuming behavior hidden behind the sudden popularity of the Oriental Selection Company in terms of the mental accounting theory.Firstly,according to the“Non-alternative”characteristics of mental accounting,this paper expounds how the strategy of the bilingual live-streaming of Oriental Selection promoters stimulates consumers’desire to buy the advertised products and services whilst using the utility theory of mental accounting to analyze how Oriental Selection promoters improve consumers’acquisition utility and total utility.Secondly,we sum up the successful experiences of Oriental Selection:The live-streaming industry should apply the theory of mental accounting in effectively overcoming the shortcomings of the live-streamed marketing by stimulating consumers’desire and influencing their decision-making behavior through the streaming of content that triggers them to make purchases.This is achievable by abandoning the traditional ways of loudly urging consumers to buy goods.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to use the mental accounting theory in promoting sustainable consumption and points out the prospects for Oriental Selection.

Analysis of Influencing Factors Tourists1 Purchase Decision-making Behavior in Kunming

Based on the theory of consumer behavior,this paper analyzes the current situation of tourism shopping market in Kunming,and analyzes the decision-making behavior of tourists shopping in Kunming with the questionnaire survey,and clarifies the influencing factors of the decision-making behavior of visitors to Kunming.In the future,the influencing factors of Kunming tourists'shopping decision-making behavior are combined with the current situation of Kunming's tourism shopping market.The problems of cheating-induced shopping,the high price of shopping products,the low level of tourism shopping experience and the imperfect after-sales service are analyzed.Finally,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from four aspects:rectifying the tourism shopping market,establishing a sound price supervision mechanism,strengthening the tourism shopping experience,and improving after-sales service.

COLLISION AVOIDANCE DECISION-MAKING MODEL OF MULTI-AGENTS IN VIRTUAL DRIVING ENVIRONMENT WITH ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

Collision avoidance decision-making models of multiple agents in virtual driving environment are studied. Based on the behavioral characteristics and hierarchical structure of the collision avoidance decision-making in real life driving, delphi approach and mathematical statistics method are introduced to construct pair-wise comparison judgment matrix of collision avoidance decision choices to each collision situation. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is adopted to establish the agents＇ collision avoidance decision-making model. To simulate drivers＇ characteristics, driver factors are added to categorize driving modes into impatient mode, normal mode, and the cautious mode. The results show that this model can simulate human＇s thinking process, and the agents in the virtual environment can deal with collision situations and make decisions to avoid collisions without intervention. The model can also reflect diversity and uncertainly of real life driving behaviors, and solves the multi-objective, multi-choice ranking priority problem in multi-vehicle collision scenarios. This collision avoidance model of multi-agents model is feasible and effective, and can provide richer and closer-to-life virtual scene for driving simulator, reflecting real-life traffic environment more truly, this model can also promote the practicality of driving simulator.

Neural mechanism of proposer's decision-making in the ultimatum and dictator games

Previous studies have demonstrated that reactions to unfair offers in the ultimatum game are correlated with negative emotion. However, little is known about the difference in neural activity between a proposer＇s decision-making in the ultimatum game compared with the dictator game. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study revealed that proposing fair offers in the dictator game elicited greater activation in the right supramarginal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game in 23 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students from Beijing Normal University in China. However, greater activation was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and left cingulate gyrus for the reverse contrast. ＂The results indicate that proposing fair offers in the dictator game is more strongly associated with cognitive control and conflicting information processing compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game.

A Theoretical Approach to the Effective Decision-Making Process

This research develops and elaborates studies done for a contribution to the 2019 PIC International Conference 2019 in Malta, about the decision-making process. Decision-making is the act of choosing between two or more courses of action. In the wider process of problem-solving, decision-making involves choosing between possible solutions to a problem, and these decisions can be made through either an intuitive or reasoned process, or a combination of the two. The study of decision-making processes, to be understood as the role of human factors, becomes particularly interesting in complex organizations. This research aims to analyze how an effective team, within organizations, can develop a more correct and effective decision-making, in order to get an optimal solution, overcoming the typical uncertainty. The paper describes the point of departure of decision in complex, time-pressured, uncertain, ambiguous and changing environments. The use of a leading case (the Tenerife air accident, 1977), will lead us to the desired results, i.e. to demonstrate how an effective decisional process, including team dynamics, can be useful to reduce the risk, present in all decisions, and reduce errors. The case of Tenerife air disaster, confirm our research. In that case, in fact, the group dynamics prove not to have worked. Thus, we can state that if a team approach had been followed instead of a more individual one, the results would probably have been different. The central belief of the research, is that classic decision theory could benefit from a team approach, which reduces the risk that a decision may lead to undesirable consequences. As demonstrated with the case study, within organizations, the decision-making is not a solitary action. Decisions, in fact, are made within a team and in order to be able to function effectively in a group, and manage group situations, there are essential skills. The team can then become a resource for the decisional process and problem solving, but it is necessary to understand the dynamics.

基于UTAUT模型修正的微信朋友圈信息流广告接受度实证研究

本文从解决微信朋友圈信息流广告接受度的现实困境出发,基于UTAUT模型进行修正构建了微信朋友圈信息流广告接受度SEM结构方程模型,重点研究影响微信朋友圈信息流广告的关键性因素及其相互关系。结果表明,绩效期望、付出期望、促成条件、社群影响、广告表现对微信朋友圈信息流广告接受度呈正相关,广告奖励对微信朋友圈信息流广告的接受意愿并不相关,微信使用用户的年龄越大,收入越高,对广告接受意愿越强。

初产妇母乳喂养认知程度调查及健康行为互动模式干预效果

目的:了解初产妇母乳喂养认知程度并探讨健康行为互动模式(IMCHB)干预效果。方法:选取2021年3月-2023年3月于本院产前检查并成功分娩的102例初产妇,随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各51例,均给予常规护理干预,观察组给予IMCHB模式的护理干预。调查干预前后初产妇母乳喂养认知能力情况,比较两组母乳喂养信心[母乳喂养自我效能感量表(BSES)评分]、主观幸福感[总体幸福感量表(GWB)评分]、产后纯母乳喂养率、乳房并发症发生率。结果:102例母乳喂养认知程度较差25例(24.5%),一般40例(39.2%),较高37例(36.3%)。干预至产后3个月,观察组母乳喂养认知能力评分(85.23±7.08分)、BSES各维度评分及总分(131.70±8.74分)、GWB中生活满足与兴趣、忧郁与愉悦心情、精力、松弛与紧张得分及总分(96.47±11.12分)均高于对照组(80.34±6.94分、107.57±8.36分、87.64±11.06分),产后1、3、6个月纯母乳喂养率(92.2%、88.2%、78.4%)高于对照组(70.6%、58.8%、49.0%),乳房并发症总发生率(13.7%)低于对照组(33.3%)(均P<0.05)。结论:本次调查的初产妇母乳喂养认知能力不高,IMCHB模式干预可提高初产妇母乳喂养认知能力,增强初产妇母乳喂养信心与幸福感,有利于提升纯母乳喂养率,减少乳房并发症发生,益于产妇健康及新生儿成长。

Observation on the Effect of Parental Participation in Nursing Under the IMCHB Model in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of parental participation in nursing under the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior(IMCHB)model in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods:The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University included 46 newborns with HIE admitted from October 2021 to October 2023 into the study population.They were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method,with the control group adopting routine nursing,and the observation group implementing parental participation in nursing under the IMCHB model.The indicators of physical,intellectual,and psychomotor development of the two groups were compared before and after nursing.Results:The physical,intellectual,and psychomotor development of the observation group was higher than that of the control group after 3 months of nursing,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of the IMCHB model of parental participation in the clinical care of HIE neonates can further promote their physical,intellectual,and psychomotor development.

基于IMCHB护理模式在乳腺癌化疗病人中的效果研究

目的:探讨基于健康行为互动模式(IMCHB)的护理在乳腺癌化疗病人中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年12月—2023年5月在医院化疗的82例乳腺癌病人为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组(n=41)和对照组(n=41)。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上实施IMCHB护理模式。比较两组抑郁症状[抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分]、焦虑症状[焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分]、肩关节活动度、健康行为水平[健康促进生活方式量表-Ⅱ中文修订版(HPLP-ⅡR)评分]以及并发症发生情况。结果:干预后观察组SDS、SAS得分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组肩关节前屈、内旋、内收、后伸、外旋、外展活动度大于对照组(P<0.05);观察组HPLP-ⅡR评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于IMCHB护理模式可有效减轻乳腺癌化疗病人抑郁、焦虑程度,提高健康行为水平,改善肩关节活动度,减少并发症发生。

基于健康行为互动模式的护理干预在2型糖尿病患者中的应用效果

目的分析基于健康行为互动模式(IMCHB)的护理干预在2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2020年1月至2022年5月南阳市肿瘤医院收治的105例T2DM患者为研究对象,根据入院时间不同将其分为常规组(2020年1月至2021年8月,52例)和研究组(2021年9月至2022年5月,53例)。常规组予以常规护理干预,研究组在常规组基础上开展基于IMCHB的护理干预。比较两组的遵医行为、自护能力、心理状态及生活质量。结果研究组的总遵医率为92.45%,高于常规组的75.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组的自我护理能力量表(ESCA)、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(DASS-21)及修订版糖尿病患者生活质量量表(DMQLS)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组的ESCA及修订版DMQLS评分均高于干预前,DASS-21评分低于干预前,且研究组优于常规组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于IMCHB的护理干预应用在T2DM患者中可提高患者的遵医行为,促进心理健康,提高自护能力,进而改善生活质量,值得临床应用及推广。

Cox健康行为互动模式在临床护理应用中的研究进展

对Cox健康行为互动模式的内容、结构特点及在国内外的研究现状(包括内科护理、外科护理、妇科护理、儿科护理、社区护理等方面)进行综述,对研究结果进行评价,分析该模式在护理各个领域应用中的问题,旨在评估Cox健康行为互动模式在护理各个领域中研究的适应性、延展性及实用性,为今后该理论的发展和实践提供依据。

基于Cox健康行为互动模式的心理干预对带状疱疹后神经痛患者疼痛缓解及生活质量的影响

目的探究Cox健康行为互动模式(IM-CHB)的心理干预在带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年2月就诊于郑州大学第二附属医院疼痛科的186例PHN患者为研究对象,以入院时间段不同分组,其中2021年1~7月间收治者纳入对照组,2021年8月至2022年2月间收治者纳入观察组,每组93例。对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理基础上给予IM-CHB引导的心理护理。比较两组患者护理前后的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、皮肤病生活质量量表(DLQI)的评分及护理满意度。结果护理3 d、6 d和1个月后,观察组患者的VAS评分分别为(4.59±0.86)分、(3.42±0.68)分、(1.15±0.61)分,明显低于对照组的(5.18±0.95)分、(4.11±0.89)分、(2.04±0.5)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理1个月后,观察组患者的SDS、SAS评分分别为(33.63±3.82)分、(31.06±4.28)分,明显低于对照组的(41.69±4.03)分、(39.63±4.33)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理1个月后,观察组患者的PSQI、DLQI评分分别为(6.12±1.35)分、(7.15±1.32)分,明显低于对照组的(8.91±1.62)分、(9.45±1.46)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理1个月后,观察组患者的护理满意度为97.85%,明显高于对照组的80.65%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于IM-CHB的心理护理不仅可减轻PHN患者的疼痛程度,缓解不良情绪,改善生活和睡眠质量,还能提高患者满意度。

COX健康行为互动模式在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折微创术后恐动症患者管理中的应用

目的探讨COX健康行为互动模式对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebralcompression fracture,OVCF)微创术后恐动症病人的影响。方法2020年10月~2021年3月我院收治的经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术术后恐动症病人96例,其中2020年10月~2020年12月收治的50例为观察组,应用COX健康行为互动模式;2021年1月~2021年3月收治的46例为对照组,实施常规治疗。比较两组病人临床改善情况。结果干预后观察组恐动症评估简表得分、疼痛视觉模拟评分表得分、Oswestry功能障碍指数得分均低于对照组,疼痛自我效能测评总分及疼痛管理自我效能感、症状应对自我效能感两个维度评估结果高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后观察组病人再住院率和再手术率低于对照组。结论COX健康行为互动模式可以降低OVCF微创术后恐动症病人的恐动症及疼痛水平,促进功能恢复。