An Adaptive Hybrid Optimization Strategy for Resource Allocation in Network Function Virtualization

With the rapid development of Network Function Virtualization(NFV),the problem of low resource utilizationin traditional data centers is gradually being addressed.However,existing research does not optimize both localand global allocation of resources in data centers.Hence,we propose an adaptive hybrid optimization strategy thatcombines dynamic programming and neural networks to improve resource utilization and service quality in datacenters.Our approach encompasses a service function chain simulation generator,a parallel architecture servicesystem,a dynamic programming strategy formaximizing the utilization of local server resources,a neural networkfor predicting the global utilization rate of resources and a global resource optimization strategy for bottleneck andredundant resources.With the implementation of our local and global resource allocation strategies,the systemperformance is significantly optimized through simulation.

Study on the Definition and Allocation of the Rights to Water Utilization in the Ecological Environment

With the rapid development of population and economy, the conflict between the supply and demand of waterresources is becoming outstanding increasingly. In China, many people concern about the problems of ecological environmentwater expenditure. However, owning to the shortage of water resources and indefinite water rights, "the hustle effect" of percapita water resource is appeared. Moreover, it caused a series of environment problems. This article differentiates andanalyzes the relevant concepts about the ecological environment, and puts forward the defined concept of the rights to theecological environment water utilization. In addition, it points out the characteristic of those rights, and does elementary studyon the allocation principle, methods, and steps on the rights.

A Research Report on the Prescription Rights of Chinese Nurses

Objective: To explore the feasibility of the nurse’ s prescription right in China, to develop the requirements for the qualification of the ap-plicant for the prescription right of nurse, and to determine the content of certain prescriptions in the specific circumstances. Methods: Literature review on the relevant articles/material with the contents of the nurse’ s right of prescription home and a-broad. Semi-structured depth interview method was used to interview 18 experts on whether the nurses can participate in the graded nursing decision and whether nurses with certain ability can make the decision. Using the self-made questionnaire“Nur-ses involved in graded nursing decision-recognition questionnaire”, 553 nurses completed questionnaires on willingness to nurse decision-making grading. Using the analytic hierarchy process, the 23 experts’ judgment on the main body of the graded nurs-ing was rated. Using semi-structured depth interview method, 17 experts were interviewed on the graded nursing quality assess-ment and training outline. The form of expert personal judgment and the“grading nursing qualification experts predict question-naire”were used as a preliminary designing tool, 32 experts were asked to predict the graded nursing quality. The relatively im-portant factors that might promote implementation of right of Chinese nurse prescribing weights setting were obtained by analytic hierarchy process. Using Delphi method, 2 rounds of consultation to 291 experts/times were performed, and determined its con-tent on the fields of graded nursing decision, nurses’ job description, decision making nurse in graded nursing work process and related management system, decision-making main body of clinical nursing, nurse authority of prescription application qualifi-cation, clinical nurses, diabetes specialist nurses, tumor specialist nurses, nurses in emergency department, community nurses in certain circumstances writing prescription, and nursing undergraduate added with nurse authority of prescription related courses. Results: The physician is not considered to be the best decision-making main body of clinical nursing work and graded nurs-ing, nurses can participate in the work of decision-making. The qualification of hierarchical decision-making nurse and nurse prescribing applicants have been determined. The hierarchical nursing decision-making nurses’ position description and training outline have been compiled. Experts suggest that clinical nurses with certain qualifications should be given the rights of some prescription form ( independent prescription, prescription, prescription protocol extension) to prescribe specific drugs in high fe-ver, hypoglycemia, hypertension, anaphylactic shock and other 11 specific circumstances. The nurses of the diabetes should be given the right of prescribing sulfonylureas, biguanides, glucosidase inhibitor, and protamine zinc insulin, and the right to write the prescription and consultation for part of medical equipment, health education, and four routine tests, which contains blood sugar monitoring, urine glucose monitoring, glycosylated hemoglobin assay, and oral glucose tolerance test. Tumor specialist nurses should be given the right to write the prescription of 7 specific circumstances including blood routine tests, electrocardio-gram, blood biochemistry and other 9 laboratory tests, constipation, phlebitis, and cancer pain, and the right of 5 tumor emer-gency prescription including chemotherapy drug allergy, hemorrhagic shock, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Nurses in e-mergency department with certain qualification should be given the right to prescribe specific drugs in 15 circumstances which include cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, and acute cardiogenic chest pain. Community nurses with certain qualification should be given the right to write the prescriptions on 14 contents including disinfection and cleaning, sterile infusion type, and wound care products. Experts suggest that nursing undergraduate education in China should be added with 2 courses which are prescription rights related laws and regulations and nursing intervention, and that pharmacology course should be supplemented with related course in order to adapt to the implementation of nurse prescribing rights. Conclusions: China’ s nurses with certain qualification or after special training have the ability to accept and should be given the right of prescriptions in certain circumstance within the scope of their work.

Study on the Concept of Per Capita Cumulative Emissions and Allocation Options

全球长期的排放减小目标为温室气体排出物的公平分配需要明确的选择。从开发国家的学者提出了公平人均的累积排放权利的概念。有四个可能的运作的定义，源于这个概念。为排放权利的分配的这些潜在的选择与数学方程被表示。通过简单模拟，这份报纸揭示每种选择的优点，劣势和特征。引证于， S. ， C. 妈 X. 高，等， 2011：在人均的累积排出物和分配选择的概念上学习。副词。Clim。变化物件， 2 (2 ) ， doi：10.3724/SP .J.1248.2011.00079。

Optimal allocation of land resources in the process of economic development

In this paper,the writer uses a mathematical model to analyze:a theoretical model of land resources optimal allocation with the constraint of sustainable development;equilibrium and defects of land resources allocation in a competitive market;and how effective governmental supervision can change the equilibrium in the market and promote the optimization of land resources allocation.The main points of this paper are:continuous and excessive conversions that change land resources from agricultural use to non-agricultural use in the process of economic development are economic rules;a competitive market is an important way to improve the efficiency of land resources allocation;effective governmental supervision can cover the shortage of market and promote the optimization of land resources allocation;a reasonable arrangement of land property rights can reduce the transaction costs of government management in optimizing land resources allocation;and,the targets of land resources optimal allocation are developing along with economic development.

我国用水权交易现状与制度构建

为促进《关于推进用水权改革的指导意见》提出的于2035年全面建立归属清晰、权责明确、流转顺畅、监管有效的用水权制度体系的工作目标,针对我国用水权交易仍存在初始分配制度不健全、交易定价机制不完备、用水监测计量与监管尚需加强的现状,分析了现行用水权交易制度存在的问题,在明确用水权交易内涵的基础上,提出用水权交易制度的构建应当利用哈贝马斯的商谈理论指导用水权初始分配,兼顾经济利益与生态利益构建标准多元、基准有别的定价机制,建立巡查与抽查制度完善的用水监测计量与监管的具体制度设计。

基于联合体双方异质性特征的EPC项目控制权配置模型研究

为确保联合体双方各自利益不受损的同时,实现项目效益最大化,EPC(Engineering-Procurement-Construction)项目控制权的合理配置成为关键。在考虑联合体双方异质性特征的基础上,构建EPC项目特定控制权与剩余控制权的配置模型,并对模型进行理论推导与假设检验。研究发现:联合体牵头者的身份能够有效抑制自利性投入行为;较高的决策偏好度会诱发自利性投入行为;特定控制权与剩余控制权配置区间的增加均会激发联合体双方的项目性投入;提高风险承受度而降低风险偏好度有利于减少设计方的自利性投入。研究成果为具有异质性特征的联合体成员间控制权的合理配置提供对策。

排污指标法律属性辨析——兼及“排污权”交易制度的走向

“排污权”实为排污指标。对生产者的法律意义是,在许可的种类和数量范围内排污,它既包含权利,也包含义务。从排污不受限制到受法律规制的变化来看,排污指标的功能是设置义务。排污指标本身既不是权利,也不是财产。各种“排污权”权利说都不成立,无法为排污指标交易提供理论支持。排污指标具有某些财产属性是权力发挥作用的结果,其在交易过程中以财产的面貌出现,回到生产过程则回归到义务分配机制的本来属性。受自身本质属性的限制,排污指标的财产权能是不完整的。根据排污指标的性质和指标交易的目的,排污指标交易制度这样安排比较合适:排污指标初始分配采用当前占有无偿分配的方式;政府可以预留一定比例的储备指标,以便对排污指标的供给进行宏观调控;排污指标的交易价格由市场根据供求关系决定。

数字化转型与企业集团决策权配置

决策权配置对企业集团的生存与发展具有重要意义。在数字经济时代,企业集团的数字化转型将深刻改变决策权配置模式。本文构建理论模型并使用A股上市公司2011—2021年数据实证检验了数字化转型对企业集团决策权配置的影响。研究发现:数字化转型显著降低了企业集团决策权的集中度,促使决策权向子公司转移。在使用工具变量、DID以及PSM等多种稳健性检验方法后,主要结论仍然成立。渠道分析表明:数字化转型通过降低企业集团面临的不确定性以及降低子公司与母公司间的相对信息成本两条途径促使决策权向子公司转移。此外,数字化转型促进分权的效应在民营、子公司数量更少和子公司承担业务量更轻的企业集团中表现更为明显。本文的研究对公司治理具有重要意义,为数字时代企业集团决策权配置提供了理论与经验支撑。

我国排污权交易问题检视及完善路径分析

排污权交易是充分运用市场机制治理污染问题的制度,符合我国“十四五”规划中调动市场积极性进行生态环境保护的重点安排。当前,我国已经逐步展开了20多个省份的排污权交易试点,但由于排污权自身的复杂性,我国排污权交易在制度建设、总量控制、初始分配以及市场活力等方面仍然存在缺陷。基于此,为提高排污权交易效率,早日实现现代化环境治理体系建设,在分析市场问题的基础上,提出排污权交易的改善路径,包括完善制度建设、借鉴碳排放权发展、拓展市场参与主体等。

论算法时代下数据权利配置的效率原则

数字经济时代,数据已成为重要的新型生产要素。在我国既有的法律制度中,著作权、商业秘密和反不正当竞争法保护数据财产利益都存在一定局限性,难以回应算法时代数据确权的现实需求。运用法经济学的分析方法考察效率数据权利配置追求的重要价值目标,发现数据权利的静态配置效率旨在促进具有交换价值的数据集合生产;数据权利的动态配置效率旨在促进数据流通。实现数据权利配置效率目标,既要让数据处理者对其加工、处理的数据集合享有排他性财产权,又要通过权利限制协调数据处理者与数据使用者之间的利益关系,确保数据得到最大限度的利用。

流域初始水权分配的主从递阶双层优化方法

依托“流域-地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配模式,“流域-地区”层次影响制约“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配,“流域-地区”和“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配共同影响流域综合效益。现有研究主要聚焦“流域-地区”或“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配,但将两个层次集成进行初始水权分配仍有待深化研究。为此,构建主从递阶双层优化方法,开展流域初始水权分配研究。具体可表述为:①针对“流域-地区”层次,建立流域综合效益优化函数与约束条件。构造适应性诊断准则和空间均衡性诊断准则,嵌入流域综合效益优化函数中,提高地区之间初始水权分配与经济社会发展的适应性、流域分水的空间均衡性。②针对“地区-行业”层次,建立地区综合效益优化的非线性目标规划模型,保障行业发展用水需求。并构造匹配性诊断准则嵌入非线性目标规划模型中,提高地区不同行业初始水权分配与行业发展的匹配性。③集成“流域-地区”和“地区-行业”层次,应用主从递阶双层优化方法,开展黄河流域初始水权分配实践探索。研究得出:通过黄河流域初始水权分配方案设计,得到黄河流域涉及省区水权分配比例与其经济社会发展综合指标加权值比例的比值,其中,内蒙古-陕西、陕西-宁夏、宁夏-山西、山西-河南、河南-甘肃、甘肃-青海、青海-山东分别为0.84、1.45、0.84、1.08、1.19、1.77、1.02,满足适应性诊断准则。黄河流域初始水权分配的基尼系数为0.10,属于“空间均衡度很高”,满足空间均衡性诊断准则。黄河流域涉及省区不同行业的水权配置与行业发展的匹配度均超过0.90,属于“高度匹配”。同时,黄河流域经济、社会、生态效益优化函数对应的满意度分别达到0.946、0.943、1.000,黄河流域涉及省区的经济、社会、生态效益优化函数对应的满意度均超过0.90。结果表明,该方法能够有效破解流域初始水权分配难题。为保障流域初始水权分配方案的有效落实,必须强化水资源刚性约束和双控行动,提升流域水利科技创新能力,推进流域产业用水结构合理化与产业结构高级化。

农地资源市场配置法律机制的完善

我国以土地承包经营权和土地经营权为基础的农地市场配置的法律机制,既存在市场机制的固有缺陷,也存在农村集体经济组织和集体土地所有权缺位的特定性局限。为实现市场对农地资源的有效配置,需充分发挥农村集体经济组织的民事治理作用和政府的市场管理与调控作用。应当完善农地市场民事法律机制,明确农村集体经济组织介入农户承包地经营权流转的法律地位和权利,扩大农村集体经济组织流转土地经营权的范围,完善农村集体经济组织的监督权利。应当完善对农地市场的管理调控法律机制,更好地发挥政府在农地用途管制、农业补贴政策和价格调控、产业政策引导、健全市场服务体系以及营造良好市场环境等方面的作用。

土地承包经营权退出对农户收入的影响

【目的】探究土地承包经营权退出对农户收入的影响,为进一步推进土地承包经营权有偿退出政策提供决策参考。【方法】基于国家农村改革试验区的718个农户调研数据,采用内生转换回归模型(endogenous switching regression model,ESRM),在“反事实”框架下分析土地承包经营权退出对农户增收效应的影响。【结果】基于“反事实”假设,退出土地承包经营权的农户若没有选择退出,家庭年均总收入会下降41.9%,即土地承包经营权退出能够显著促进农户增收;此外,土地承包经营权退出对东部地区农户的增收效应最高,对新生代农户的增收效应相比于老一代更强。【结论】在充分保障农民土地权利的基础上,审慎推进土地承包经营权有偿退出,优化农村土地资源配置,并为具备离农条件农民提供土地权利价值的实现通道。

黄河流域首单跨省域水权交易案例的战略意义与改革启示

宁夏回族自治区与四川省跨省域水权交易开创了黄河流域跨省域交易的先河,对全国省际层面运用市场机制解决水资源供需矛盾具有示范意义和参考价值。文章在阐述本案例交易背景的基础上,详细剖析交易主体、交易类型、交易标的、交易方式等关键要素,从缓解省际水资源供需矛盾、市场化矫正黄河流域分水方案、推动流域统一的用水权市场建设等方面论证其战略意义,总结本案例对推动省级层面区域水权交易市场发展的若干启示。

权利束视域下数字藏品的权利配置与冲突解决

数字藏品作为文化数字化的典型应用,发展前景广阔,但其权利解释难题亦亟待回应。数字藏品并不等同于NFT。数字藏品是经过NFT技术认证后的数字文创,其构成既包括作为权益证明的NFT,亦包括其所链接的具有文化创意价值的数字文创,是两者的统一。数字藏品不宜解释为物、网络虚拟财产等传统权利客体,且在单一客体之上存在着多元主体对其享有权利,难以用一种权利客体对其进行恰当解释。“权利范式”的解释路径以确定权利客体属性为核心,存在着严重的路径依赖,对数字藏品此类复杂的权利客体难以进行准确定位。权利束理论不纠结于权利客体属性,而是关注于人与人之间的法律关系,认为客体之上的财产权是由一束依情况而受到限制的权利组成,可以突破传统的权利解释框架以及“权利范式”的客体困境,为数字藏品的权利解释提供新的路径。权利束理论关注于一宗财产之上的权利分配以及当不同权利发生冲突时的权利位阶。基于相关规范以及交易效率与社会效益最大化的理念,可分别为数字藏品产生至销毁过程中所涉及的平台、购买者、发行人以及著作权人等相关主体配置相应权利,并以当事人合意与公权力干预的方式,为数字藏品在不同情景下的权利冲突提供解决路径。由此可以明确相关各主体权责,构建更为全面的权利保护体系,促进数字藏品行业的长远、有序的发展,进一步推动文化数字化战略落地。

新发展格局下土地发展权配置的需求逻辑与实现路径

土地发展权配置兼顾政治秩序、经济效率、社会公平、生态效益与文化价值,是在土地开发、利用和保护过程中,平衡公共利益与私人权益的一种政府调控和市场优化的混合型政策工具。土地发展权配置与新发展格局具有价值目标趋同、制度内容耦合、推进手段相似等内在关联特征。在新发展格局下,土地发展权配置呈现多重需求逻辑,包括“权益+机会+规则”的公平逻辑、“空间+结构+规模”的效率逻辑、“经济+政治+社会”的秩序逻辑和“生态+文化”的可持续逻辑。在新时期,为有效运用土地发展权政策工具,助力新发展格局构建,需要优化以权利立法、规划导向为核心的顶层设计,细化土地发展权配置原则、转移范围和二维尺度的操作细则,强化收益分配、财政金融、技术支撑、监管奖惩等配套机制,以全面激发城乡区域经济循环发展动力,推进国家土地治理体系和治理能力现代化建设。

Interregional compensation for farmland protection:From the perspective of farmland allocation optimization

Interregional compensation for farmland protection(IRCFP)is a policy instrument for encouraging farmland protection through interregional fiscal transfer payments.Previous practices and studies on IRCFP have generally determined the payers and recipients of compensation based on the present distribution of farmland,and the compensation standards did not combine farmland development right value with farmland deficit and surplus,resulting in insignificant effects on farmland protection and even policy failure.Therefore,in this study,we proposed an interregional compensation mechanism for farmland protection based on farmland allocation optimization by considering 31 provincial-level regions in China.The results showed that(1)the determination of farmland surplus or deficit areas based on farmland allocation optimization met the regional construction land demand from the perspective of achieving food security.(2)The combination of the compensation value standard and cropland deficit and surplus had a positive effect on farmland protection.(3)Interregional compensation for farmland protection based on farmland allocation optimization can coordinate economic development,farmland protection,and ecological conservation.Finally,we discussed the rationality of interregional compensation for farmland protection based on farmland allocation optimization and designed the operation mechanism of IRCFP.