In the past 70 years, Israel has not only realized the self-sufficiency of agricultural products, but also make its way to becoming one of leading exporters of agricultural products in the world rapidly. Undoubtedly, ...In the past 70 years, Israel has not only realized the self-sufficiency of agricultural products, but also make its way to becoming one of leading exporters of agricultural products in the world rapidly. Undoubtedly, there are many reasons for this world famous "Miracle of Negev Desert" [1], but we consider the decision making mechanism as one of the most important reasons, because such a perfect integrated system consisting of researching system, experimental system and extension system is well organized and it booms the development of agriculture in Israel.展开更多
Design of scheduling decision mechanism is a key issue of scheduling decision method and strategy for agile manufacturing system. Effective scheduling decision mechanism helps to improve the operational agility of man...Design of scheduling decision mechanism is a key issue of scheduling decision method and strategy for agile manufacturing system. Effective scheduling decision mechanism helps to improve the operational agility of manufacturing system. Several scheduling decision mechanisms are discussed, including scheduling forecasting mechanism, cooperation mechanism and cell scheduling mechanism. Also soft decision mechanism is put forward as a promising prospect for agile manufacturing system, and some key techniques in soft decision mechanism are introduced.展开更多
The motivation for cost-effective management of highway pavements is evidenced not only by the massive expenditures associated with these activities at a national level but also by the consequences of poor pavement co...The motivation for cost-effective management of highway pavements is evidenced not only by the massive expenditures associated with these activities at a national level but also by the consequences of poor pavement condition on road users.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of multi-objective optimization(MOO)problems that have been formulated and solution techniques that have been used in selecting and scheduling highway pavement rehabilitation and maintenance activities.First,the paper presents a taxonomy and hierarchy for these activities,the role of funding sources,and levels of jurisdiction.The paper then describes how three different decision mechanisms have been used in past research and practice for project selection and scheduling(historical practices,expert opinion,and explicit mathematical optimization)and identifies the pros and cons of each mechanism.The paper then focuses on the optimization mechanism and presents the types of optimization problems,formulations,and objectives that have been used in the literature.Next,the paper examines various solution algorithms and discusses issues related to their implementation.Finally,the paper identifies some barriers to implementing multi-objective optimization in selecting and scheduling highway pavement rehabilitation and maintenance activities,and makes recommendations to overcome some of these barriers.展开更多
One of the serious problems in state owned enterprises in China is that there is no feasible and reasonable decision mechanism. This paper shows that the important tasks of the current reform are to build up feas...One of the serious problems in state owned enterprises in China is that there is no feasible and reasonable decision mechanism. This paper shows that the important tasks of the current reform are to build up feasible and efficient decision governing mechanism(DGM), perfectly select mechanism of entrepreneurs. At the same time, it deals with the key difficulty in current DGM that causes incentive compatibility unsatisfied. Finally, it tells that the enterprises may be granted more operation decision making power by governing and incentive compatibility may be satisfied, on condition that the above problems having been solved and the legal system having been strengthened, as well as the enterprises operate in the manner prescribed by law.展开更多
文摘In the past 70 years, Israel has not only realized the self-sufficiency of agricultural products, but also make its way to becoming one of leading exporters of agricultural products in the world rapidly. Undoubtedly, there are many reasons for this world famous "Miracle of Negev Desert" [1], but we consider the decision making mechanism as one of the most important reasons, because such a perfect integrated system consisting of researching system, experimental system and extension system is well organized and it booms the development of agriculture in Israel.
基金Supported by China Hi-tech Program(China 863) (2003AA411120)Humanities and Social Sciences Program of East China University of Science & Technology
文摘Design of scheduling decision mechanism is a key issue of scheduling decision method and strategy for agile manufacturing system. Effective scheduling decision mechanism helps to improve the operational agility of manufacturing system. Several scheduling decision mechanisms are discussed, including scheduling forecasting mechanism, cooperation mechanism and cell scheduling mechanism. Also soft decision mechanism is put forward as a promising prospect for agile manufacturing system, and some key techniques in soft decision mechanism are introduced.
基金This work is supported by the Next Generation Transportation Systems Center(NEXTRANS),USDOT's Region 5 University Transportation CenterThe work is also affiliated with Purdue University College of Engineering's Institute for Control,Optimization,and Networks(ICON)and Center for Intelligent Infrastructure(CII)initiatives.
文摘The motivation for cost-effective management of highway pavements is evidenced not only by the massive expenditures associated with these activities at a national level but also by the consequences of poor pavement condition on road users.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of multi-objective optimization(MOO)problems that have been formulated and solution techniques that have been used in selecting and scheduling highway pavement rehabilitation and maintenance activities.First,the paper presents a taxonomy and hierarchy for these activities,the role of funding sources,and levels of jurisdiction.The paper then describes how three different decision mechanisms have been used in past research and practice for project selection and scheduling(historical practices,expert opinion,and explicit mathematical optimization)and identifies the pros and cons of each mechanism.The paper then focuses on the optimization mechanism and presents the types of optimization problems,formulations,and objectives that have been used in the literature.Next,the paper examines various solution algorithms and discusses issues related to their implementation.Finally,the paper identifies some barriers to implementing multi-objective optimization in selecting and scheduling highway pavement rehabilitation and maintenance activities,and makes recommendations to overcome some of these barriers.
文摘One of the serious problems in state owned enterprises in China is that there is no feasible and reasonable decision mechanism. This paper shows that the important tasks of the current reform are to build up feasible and efficient decision governing mechanism(DGM), perfectly select mechanism of entrepreneurs. At the same time, it deals with the key difficulty in current DGM that causes incentive compatibility unsatisfied. Finally, it tells that the enterprises may be granted more operation decision making power by governing and incentive compatibility may be satisfied, on condition that the above problems having been solved and the legal system having been strengthened, as well as the enterprises operate in the manner prescribed by law.
