A Denoiser for Correlated Noise Channel Decoding: Gated-Neural Network

This letter proposes a sliced-gated-convolutional neural network with belief propagation(SGCNN-BP) architecture for decoding long codes under correlated noise. The basic idea of SGCNNBP is using Neural Networks(NN) to transform the correlated noise into white noise, setting up the optimal condition for a standard BP decoder that takes the output from the NN. A gate-controlled neuron is used to regulate information flow and an optional operation—slicing is adopted to reduce parameters and lower training complexity. Simulation results show that SGCNN-BP has much better performance(with the largest gap being 5dB improvement) than a single BP decoder and achieves a nearly 1dB improvement compared to Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN).

Assessment of the Recent Hydromorphological Features of Nokoue Lake and Its Channels (South-East Benin)

Based on 2022 and 2023 hydrometric data and satellite images (Sentinel 2022, SPOT 2010), this study aims to present the Nokoué Lake and its channels’ re-cent hydromorphological characteristics. Integrating flow, tributary morphology, and topography data determined specific power values along the axes studied. The values obtained range from 2.69 to 12.92 W/m2 for Ouémé River and 2.46 to 10.99 W/m2 for Sô River. The resulting water erosion on banks and bottoms is of linear, areolar, or gully and claw types. Lake bathymetry varies from -0.5 to -2.6 m (low flow period) and -1 to -4 m;in the Ouémé, Sô, and Totchè rivers, it varies from -5 m to -7 m, reaching -10 m at the Cotonou channel entrance (flood period). Bathymetric profiles reveal varied “U”, “V” and “Intermediate” bottom morphologies, influenced by erosion/sedimentation processes and human activities. The flow facies identified are lentic in the northern tributaries and lotic in the Cotonou and Totchè canals. Spatial analysis identified nine (09) thematic classes. In 2022, the surface area of the water body has increased from 274 km2 at low water to 280 km2 at high water, whereas in 2010 (a recent year of exceptional flooding), the surface area was 270 km2 at low water and 277 km2 at high water. Significant changes in land use are observed between 2010 and 2022. The floodplain area decreased slightly, from 421 km2 in 2010 (year of exceptional flooding) to 419 km2 in 2022. The evolution of land use shows a progressive expansion of the urban environment to the detriment of the natural environment. In the medium to long term, this trend could threaten the hydromorphological balance and even the existence of this important lagoon ecosystem.

Achievability of Chong-Motani-Garg relay channel capacity bounds using forward decoding

To reduce decoding delay of a communication scheme which is backward-decoding-based and achievable Chong Motani-Garg capacity bounds, a novel forward-sliding-window decoding-based communication scheme is proposed. In this scheme, if w = （w1, w2） is the message to be sent in block b, the relay will decode message w1 and generate a new message z at the end of block b, and the receiver will decode message w1 at the end of block b ＋ 1 and decode message z and w2 at the end of block b ＋ 2. Analysis results show that this new communication scheme can achieve the same Chong-Motani-Garg bounds and the decoding delay is only two blocks which is much shorter than that of backward decoding. Therefore, Chong-Motani-Garg bounds can be achieved by a forward decoding-based communication scheme with short decoding delay.

JOINT ITERATIVE DECODING FOR SIMPLE-ENCODING SYSTEMATIC IRREGULAR-LDPC-BASED CODED COOPERATION IN NON-IDEAL RELAY CHANNEL

In this paper, a new kind of simple-encoding irregular systematic LDPC codes suitable for one-relay coded cooperation is designed, where the proposed joint iterative decoding is effectively performed in the destination which is in accordance with the corresponding joint Tanner graph characterizing two different component LDPC codes used by the source and relay in ideal and non-ideal relay cooperations. The theoretical analysis and simulations show that the coded cooperation scheme obviously outperforms the coded non-cooperation one under the same code rate and decoding complex. The significant performance improvement can be virtually credited to the additional mutual exchange of the extrinsic information resulted by the LDPC code employed by the source and its counterpart used by the relay in both ideal and non-ideal cooperations.

CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR ITERATIVE DECODING OVER FADING CHANNELS

A method of coherent detection and channel estimation for punctured convolutional coded binary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signals transmitted over a frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels used for a digital radio broadcasting transmission is presented. Some known symbols are inserted in the encoded data stream to enhance the channel estimation process.The pilot symbols are used to replace the existing parity symbols so no bandwidth expansion is required. An iterative algorithm that uses decoding information as well as the information contained in the known symbols is used to improve the channel parameter estimate. The scheme complexity grows exponentially with the channel estimation filter length. The performance of the system is compared for a normalized fading rate with both perfect coherent detection (corresponding to a perfect knowledge of the fading process and noise variance) and differential detection of Differential Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (DAPSK). The tradeoff between simplicity of implementation and bit-error-rate performance of different techniques is also compared.

Joint Channel Estimation and Decoding Design for 5G-Enabled V2V Channel

This paper addresses the problem of channel estimation in 5G-enabled vehicular-to-vehicular(V2V) channels with high-mobility environments and non-stationary feature. Considering orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) system, we perform extended Kalman filter(EKF) for channel estimation in conjunction with Iterative Detector & Decoder(IDD) at the receiver to improve the estimation accuracy. The EKF is proposed for jointly estimating the channel frequency response and the time-varying time correlation coefficients. And the IDD structure is adopted to reduce the estimation errors in EKF. The simulation results show that, compared with traditional methods, the proposed method effectively promotes the system performance.

Construction of Low Delay Maximal Rate Single-Symbol Decodable Distributed STBC with Channel Phase Information

Exploiting the source-to-relay channel phase information at the relays can increase the rate upper-bound of distributed orthogonal space-time block codes(STBC)from 2/K to 1/2,where Kis the number of relays.This technique is known as distributed orthogonal space-time block codes with channel phase information(DOSTBC-CPI).However,the decoding delay of existing DOSTBC-CPIs is not optimal.Therefore,based on the rate of 1/2 balanced complex orthogonal design(COD),an algorithm is provided to construct a maximal rate DOSTBC-CPI with only half the decoding delay of existing DOSTBC-CPI.Simulation results show that the proposed method exhibits lower symbol error rate than the existing DOSTBC-CPIs.

A New Arithmetic Coding System Combining Source Channel Coding and MAP Decoding

A new arithmetic coding system combining source channel coding and maximum a posteriori decoding were proposed. It combines source coding and error correction tasks into one unified process by introducing an adaptive forbidden symbol. The proposed system achieves fixed length code words by adaptively adjusting the probability of the forbidden symbol and adding tail digits of variable length. The corresponding improved MAP decoding metric was derived. The proposed system can improve the performance. Simulations were performed on AWGN channels with various noise levels by using both hard and soft decision with BPSK modulation.The results show its performance is slightly better than that of our adaptive arithmetic error correcting coding system using a forbidden symbol.

An Assisted Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Incorporating Attention Mechanisms Med-3D Transfer Modeling

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder.The subtle and insidious onset of its pathogenesis makes early detection of a formidable challenge in both contemporary neuroscience and clinical practice.In this study,we introduce an advanced diagnostic methodology rooted in theMed-3D transfermodel and enhanced with an attention mechanism.We aim to improve the precision of AD diagnosis and facilitate its early identification.Initially,we employ a spatial normalization technique to address challenges like clarity degradation and unsaturation,which are commonly observed in imaging datasets.Subsequently,an attention mechanism is incorporated to selectively focus on the salient features within the imaging data.Building upon this foundation,we present the novelMed-3D transfermodel,designed to further elucidate and amplify the intricate features associated withADpathogenesis.Our proposedmodel has demonstrated promising results,achieving a classification accuracy of 92%.To emphasize the robustness and practicality of our approach,we introduce an adaptive‘hot-updating’auxiliary diagnostic system.This system not only enables continuous model training and optimization but also provides a dynamic platform to meet the real-time diagnostic and therapeutic demands of AD.

A Novel Decoder Based on Parallel Genetic Algorithms for Linear Block Codes

Genetic algorithms offer very good performances for solving large optimization problems, especially in the domain of error-correcting codes. However, they have a major drawback related to the time complexity and memory occupation when running on a uniprocessor computer. This paper proposes a parallel decoder for linear block codes, using parallel genetic algorithms (PGA). The good performance and time complexity are confirmed by theoretical study and by simulations on BCH(63,30,14) codes over both AWGN and flat Rayleigh fading channels. The simulation results show that the coding gain between parallel and single genetic algorithm is about 0.7 dB at BER = 10﹣5 with only 4 processors.

Integrated Joint Source-Channel Symbol-by-Symbol Decoding of Variable-Length Codes Using 3-D MAP Sequence Estimation

Most of multimedia schemes employ variable-length codes （VLCs） like Huffman code as core components in obtaining high compression rates. However VLC methods are very sensitive to channel noise. The goal of this paper is to salvage as many data from the damaged packets as possible for higher audiovisual quality. This paper proposes an integrated joint source-channel decoder （I-JSCD） at a symbol-level using three-dimensional （3-D） trellis representation for first-order Markov sources encoded with VLC source code and convolutional channel code. This method combines source code and channel code state-spaces and bit-lengths to construct a two-dimensional （2-D） state-space, and then develops a 3-D trellis and a maximum a-posterior （MAP） algorithm to estimate the source sequence symbol by symbol. Experiment results demonstrate that our method results in significant improvement in decoding performance, it can salvage at least half of （50%） data in any channel error rate, and can provide additional error resilience to VLC stream like image, audio, video stream over high error rate links.

基于嵌入式Soc的视频解码及FC视频发送系统

针对车辆应用中多种视频格式解码的需求,为降低其对显示终端解码能力的要求,以光纤通道视频组播技术为基础,提出一种基于嵌入式Soc处理器解码和光纤通道视频发送的视频解码系统方案,对基于嵌入式Soc的视频解码模块的设计方案进行了阐述,重点介绍了视频编解码模块的软件设计思路和流程,通过工程化搭建了一个视频解码模块和三台显示终端的车载应用验证环境,对上述方案进行了H.265标准视频解码和时延测试验证,测试结果显示,所提方案可实现单个视频解码模块支持多台显示终端同时查看视频解码图像,系统解码总延时约172 ms,表明该方案可降低对显示终端视频本地解码能力的要求。

一种非常紧凑的掩码AES的硬件设计与实现

差分能量分析作为一种强大的侧信道攻击手段,已经严重威胁到密码算法硬件实现的安全性,目前防护此类攻击最有效的方法就是对密码算法进行掩码处理.在AES算法中只有S盒是非线性的,因此如何安全高效地实现S盒一直是密码学领域的研究热点之一.本文在De Meyer等人研究工作的基础上,提出了一种具有已知最小面积的掩码S盒的串行化实现方案.先将用于零值处理的Kronecker Delta函数串行化,接着通过共享一个8位乘法器模块用于求逆以及布尔掩码和乘法掩码之间的转换,最后加上仿射变换以最小的面积代价实现了S盒.本文将S盒应用于AES算法,并且提供了掩码AES的串行化实现方案,同时给出了该方案的面积下限,在此基础上,对S盒及AES算法的部分结构进行调整,为未来的工作提供了一系列权衡面积和延迟的手段.实验表明,在可比的随机数成本下,本文S盒的一阶掩码和二阶掩码实现以一定延迟为代价将面积分别降低了48%和70%, AES算法的一阶掩码和二阶掩码实现分别降低10%和21%,并且随着安全阶数的增大,本文实现方案对面积的优化幅度会进一步提高.最后,在实验中通过对从SAKURA-G板上获取的轨迹执行固定与随机的Welch T测试来验证实现的安全性,对于AES算法的一阶掩码和二阶掩码实现分别采集了多达50万条曲线,没有发现泄漏点.

Polar Codes for Soft Decode-and-Forward in HalfDuplex Relay Channels

Soft decode-and-forward(DF) can combine the advantages of both amplify-and-forward and hard DF in relay channels. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity soft DF scheme based on polar codes, which features two key techniques: a low-complexity cyclic redundancy check(CRC) aided list successive cancellation(CALSC) decoder and a soft information calculation method. At the relay node, a low-complexity CALSC decoder is designed to reduce the computational complexity by adjusting the list size according to the reliabilities of decoded bits. Based on the path probability metric of the CALSC decoder, we propose a method to compute the soft information of the decoded bits in CALSC. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the soft DF based on low-density parity-check codes and the soft DF with belief propagation or soft cancellation decoder, especially in the case when the source-relay channel is at the high signal-to-ratio region.

Joint Source-Channel Decoding Scheme for Image Transmission over Wireless Channel

We improve the iterative decoding algorithm by utilizing the “leaked” residual redundancy at the output of the source encoder without changing the encoder structure for the noisy channel. The experimental results show that using the residual redundancy of the compressed source in channel decoding is an effective method to improve the error correction performance.

基于高阶多道同步挤压广义S变换的多属性融合储层预测技术研究及应用

时频域地震精细解释建立在高分辨率时频分析算法的基础上。为适应高精度勘探开发的要求,在多道同步挤压广义S变换(MSGST)的基础上,提出了高阶多道同步挤压广义S变换(HMSGST),进一步聚焦时频分辨率,提高储层预测的精准性。通过理论信号、理论加噪信号对比6种时频算法的计算结果,验证了HMSGST具有高时频分辨率,对复杂信号具有更好的刻画能力。以某三维工区海相砂岩为例,基于HMSGST在时频域沿主要油气储层(T2层)提取时间切片,开展频率衰减梯度、分频相干等属性分析以增强对短轴河道、次级断裂等目标的识别能力和烃类检测能力,进一步结合曲率属性开展RGB多属性融合精细雕刻。对于不同工区、不同地质条件的地震数据,需要进行HMSGST的参数分析,适合的参数是达到更为准确的计算结果的前提。

Integrated Joint Source-Channel Decoding for H.264 Video Transmission

This paper proposes an integrated joint source-channel decoder （I-JSCD） using Max-Log-MAP method for sources encoded with exp-Golomb codes and convolutional codes, and proposes a system applying this method to decoding the VLC data, e.g. motion vector differences （MVDs）, of H.264 across an AWGN channel. This method combines the source code state-space and the channel code state-space together to construct a joint state-space, develops a 3-D trellis and a maximum a-posterior （MAP） algorithm to estimate the source sequence symbol by symbol, and then uses max-log approximation to simplify the algorithm. Experiments indicate that the proposed system gives significant improvements on peak signal-to-noise ratio （PSNR） （maximum about 15 dB） than a separate scheme. This also leads to a higher visual quality of video stream over a highly noisy channel.

基于YOLOv5s的轻量化乒乓球目标检测算法

针对乒乓球目标检测方法易受环境、光线、速度等多种因素干扰导致精度和实时性不佳的问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv5s框架的轻量化乒乓球目标检测算法——SYOLO5(Shuffle-YOLOv5s)。首先,采用改进的ShuffleNetV2网络单元组合重构YOLOv5s主干网络,提高特征提取速度;其次,在特征融合的过程中引入高效通道注意力(ECA)机制,有效提升模型的检测性能;接着,采用SIoU Loss(S-Intersection over Union)作为定位损失函数提升网络的收敛速度和定位精度;最后,贴合乒乓球小尺寸的特点,采用双尺度目标检测,进一步提高模型推理速度。实验结果表明,所提算法与YOLOv5s相比,参数量和计算量分别减少了80%和60%,精确率提升了1.9个百分点。

ATP-sensitive potassium channels:novel potential roles in Parkinson's disease

The ATP-sensitive potassium（KATP）channels which extensively distribute in diverse tissues（e.g.vascular smooth muscle,cardiac cells,and pancreas）are well-established for characteristics like vasodilatation,myocardial protection against ischemia,and insulin secretion.The aim of this review is to get insight into the novel roles of KATPchannels in Parkinson＇s disease（PD）,with consideration of the specificities KATPchannels in the central nervous system（CNS）, such as the control of neuronal excitability,action potential,mitochondrial function and neurotransmitter release.

Calcium channel blockers and Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer＇s disease is characterized by two pathological hallmarks： amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In addition, calcium homeostasis is disrupted in the course of human aging Recent research shows that dense plaques can cause functional alteration of calcium signals in mice with Alzheimer＇s disease. Calcium channel blockers are effective therapeutics for treating Alzheimer＇s disease. This review provides an overview of the current research of calcium channel blockers involved in Alzheimer＇s disease theraov.