Isolation,Screening and Identification of Cellulose Decomposing Strains in Straw-amended Soil

[Objective]The aim was to isolate cellulose decomposing strains with high activity from straw-amended soil.[Method]Screening of CMC solid culture and shaking culture rescreening were carried out to obtain cellulose decomposing strains with high activity from the corn straw amended soil,which were analyzed by 16rDNA sequence analysis.[Result]A bacterium and a fungus with higher endonucleases activity were obtained through preliminary screening and secondary screening,a fungus with higher filter paper enzyme activity,and a bacterium（NO.5 strain） with higher of both filter paper enzyme activity and CMC enzyme activity were obtained.The result of 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the similarity was 100% between NO.5 strain and Bacillus subtilis.[Conclusion]NO.5 strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis.

Isolating and Screening of Effective Decomposing Strain of Silkworm Chrysalis Protein and Study on Parts of Its Enzymatic Properties

[Objective] The research aimed to obtain an effectively-decomposing strain of silkworm chrysalis protein and discuss its enzymatic properties.[Method] The effectively-decomposing bacteria of protein was isolated from the decayed silkworm chrysalis by using dilution plate and its enzymatic properties were tested after primary screening and second screening.The enzyme activity was determined and the intermediate and small molecule protein content in silkworm chrysalis was measured after solid-state fermentati...

Screening on oil-decomposing microorganisms and application in organic waste treatment machine

As an oil-decomposable mixture of two bacteria strains(Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.), Y3 was isolated after 50 d domestication under the condition that oil was used as the limited carbon source. The decomposing rate by Y3 was higher than that by each separate individual strain, indicating a synergistic effect of the two bacteria. Under the conditions that T=25—40℃,pH=6—8, HRT(Hydraulic retention time)=36 h and the oil concentration at 0.1%, Y3 yielded the highest decomposing rate of 95.7 %. Y3 was also applied in an organic waste treatment machine and a certain rate of activated bacteria was put into the stuffing. A series of tests including humidity, pH, temperature, C/N rate and oil percentage of the stuffing were carried out to check the efficacy of oil-decomposition. Results showed that the oil content of the stuffing with inoculums was only half of that of the control. Furthermore, the bacteria were also beneficial to maintain the stability of the machine operating. Therefore, the bacteria mixture as well as the machines in this study could be very useful for waste treatment.

Stimulatory effects of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07 on rice straw decomposing

Biosurfactant,produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07,was added to the dee straw decomposing process to enhance the production of reducing sugars.Observed by Fourier Transform InfraRed(FT-IR)and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)analysis, the purified biosurfactant was considered as a mixture of RL1 and RL2,which are two different types of rhamnolipids.Two different adding methods,adding the purified rhamnolipid and the on-site production of it were compared.The results showed that 0.5 g/L was the optimum co...

Effect of alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the growth of Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae)

We collected the diseased blades of Larninaria japonica from Yantai Sea Farm from October to December 2002, and the alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the diseased blade was isolated and purified, and was identified as A lteromonas espejiana. This bacterium was applied as the causative pathogen to infect the blades of L. japonica under laboratory conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of the bacterium on the growth of L. japonica, and to find the possibly effective mechanism. Results showed that： （1）The blades of L.japonica exhibited symptoms of lesion,bleaching and deteriortion when infected by the bacterium. and their growth and photosynthesis were dramatically suppressed. At the same time, the reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation enhanced obviously, and the relative membrane permeability increased significantly. The contents of malonaldehyde （MDA） and free fatty acid in the microsomol membrane greatly elevated, but the phospholipid content decreased. Result suggested an obvious peroxidation and deesterrification in the blades of L. japonica when infected by the bacterium. （2） The simultaneous assay on the antioxidant enzyme activities demonstrated that superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） increased greatly when infected by the bacterium, but glutathione peroxidase （Gpx） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） did not exhibit active responses to the bacterium throughout the experiment. （3） The histomorphological observations gave a distinctive evidence of the severity of the lesions as well as the relative abundance in the bacterial population on the blades after infection. The bacterium firstly invaded into the endodermis of L. japonica and gathered around there, and then resulted in the membrane damage, cells corruption and ultimately, the death of L. japonica.

An Approach for Improving Short-Term Prediction of Summer Rainfall over North China by Decomposing Interannual and Decadal Variability

A statistical downscaling approach was developed to improve seasonal-to-interannual prediction of summer rainfall over North China by considering the effect of decadal variability based on observational datasets and dynamical model outputs.Both predictands and predictors were first decomposed into interannual and decadal components.Two predictive equations were then built separately for the two distinct timescales by using multivariate linear regressions based on independent sample validation.For the interannual timescale,850-hPa meridional wind and 500-hPa geopotential heights from multiple dynamical models＇ hindcasts and SSTs from observational datasets were used to construct predictors.For the decadal timescale,two well-known basin-scale SST decadal oscillation （the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation） indices were used as predictors.Then,the downscaled predictands were combined to represent the predicted/hindcasted total rainfall.The prediction was compared with the models＇ raw hindcasts and those from a similar approach but without timescale decomposition.In comparison to hindcasts from individual models or their multi-model ensemble mean,the skill of the present scheme was found to be significantly higher,with anomaly correlation coefficients increasing from nearly neutral to over 0.4 and with RMSE decreasing by up to 0.6 mm d-1.The improvements were also seen in the station-based temporal correlation of the predictions with observed rainfall,with the coefficients ranging from-0.1 to 0.87,obviously higher than the models＇ raw hindcasted rainfall results.Thus,the present approach exhibits a great advantage and may be appropriate for use in operational predictions.

An initial study of insect succession on decomposing rabbit carrions in Harare,Zimbabwe

Objective:To investigate insects visiting sun exposed and shaded decomposing rabbit carcasses and to establish the relationship between insects and carcasses which may be of forensic importance in Harare.Methods:Two rabbits weighing 2.3 kg and 2.5 kg were killed by sharp blows on the head.One was exposed to the sun while the other was placed under shade.The carcasses were allowed to decompose and insects were collected twice a day for the first week and thereafter once a day up to the end of the 7 weeks.Maggots were also collected from the decomposing carcasses and reared.Results:Five dipteran families(Galliphoridae,Muscidae,Sarcophagidae,Phoridae and Drosophilidae)were identified from the sun-exposed carcass.Species collected included Lucilia cuprina(L.cuprina),Chrysomya albiceps(C.albiceps),Musca domestica,Sarcophaga sp.and Drosophila sp.Four families(Calliphoridae,Muscidae,Phoridae,Anthomyiidae)were identified from the shaded carcass.Representatives of these families included L cuprina,C.albiceps,Musca domestica,and Hydrotaea sp.Three Coleopteran families(Histeridae,Cleridae and Dermestidae)were identified from hodt carcasses.The observed species were Saprinus sp,Necrobia rufipes and Dermestes sp.Fomicidae(Hymenoptera)was represented by only one species(Pheidoie sp.)Flies which emerged from the rearing units were L cuprina,Lucilia sp.,C.albiceps,Sarcophaga sp.and Sepsis sp.).Conclusions:Of the dipteran species collected during the study,L cuprina and C.albiceps could be important for further forensic studies since they were collected from the carcasses and also observed from the rearing units.

Preparation of nanostructure silver powders by mechanical decomposing and mechanochemical reduction of silver oxide

The mechanical decomposing and mechanochemical reductions of silver oxide for preparation of nanocrystalline silver powders by high planetary ball mill was investigated. XRD and HRSEM techniques were used to characterize the structural evolution and morphological changes of products. The results show that the nanostructured silver with an average crystallite size of 14 nm and internal strain of 0.75% is synthesized by mechanical decomposing of Ag2O after 95 h milling. While, the product of mechanochemical reduction of silver oxide using graphite after 22 h milling is nanostructured silver with an average crystallite size of 28 nm and internal strain of 0.44%.

Screening of cellulose decomposing fungi in sandy dune soil of Horqin Sandy Land

Cellulose decomposing fungi play an important role in litter decomposition and are decisive in nutrient cycling in sandy land ecosystems. Thirty-one strains were isolated to select efficient cellulose decomposers, and four efficient cellulose decomposing fungi （NM3-1, NM3-2, NM3-3, and NM3-4） were screened using a CMC （carboxymethyl cellulose） carbon source in dune soil of Horqin Sandy Land. They were identified as Asperigillus calidoustus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Hypocrea lixii by rDNA-ITS molecular biological methods. Cloth decomposition rates were 15.71%, 15.89%, 17.29%, and 17.89% by the four efficient decomposers incubated for 30 days, respectively. Screening of efficient cellulose decomposers can not only increase the dune soil functional microbe bank, but can also accelerate litter decom- position and available nutrient input in the Horqin Sandy Land.

Short-range structural change in indium melt by Gaussian peaks decomposing of RDF

Liquid indium's structure was studied at 280, 390, 550, 650, and 750 deg Crespectively by using an elevated temperature X-ray diffractometer, and its radial distributionfunction (RDF) at different temperatures was decomposed into 4 Gaussian peaks in the range of0.2-0.6nm. Positions of the decomposed Gaussian peaks were compared with the nearest and the secondnearest neighbor atomic distances, respectively. It is shown that the position of the firstdecomposed Gaussian peak is similar to the nearest neighbor atomic distance in liquid In at thecorresponding temperature, and that of the third decomposed Gaussian peak is similar to the secondnearest neighbor atomic distance. Moreover, the first and the third Gaussian peaks correspond to thefirst and the second atom shells of liquid In at the corresponding temperatures, respectively.Therefore, the position and the area of Gaussian peaks can represent the position and atom number ofcorresponding shells. Based on this result, short-range structural changes in liquid In wasstudied. It was found that the first and the second shells are close to the referred atom, and theatom number at the shells decreases with the increasing temperature from 280 to 750 deg C. Indifferent ranges of temperature, structural changes in the first and the second shells showdifferent features.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE EIGHT COMMONLY-USED CUPPING MOTHODS

Ⅰ.Quick cuppingMake the cup sucking to the skin with theflash-fire method,and then remove it swiftlyupon its sucking.This quick sucking-and-removing art is applied repeated 30-50 timesover the same area until the local skin becomeshyperemic so as to produce a specific physicalstimulation of drawing-pulling and relaxationsensation.As a result,the blood circulation ofthe local skin can be improved by this pouring-

The effects of the environmental factors on Laminaria disease caused by alginic acid decomposing bacteria

-The rot disease of Laminaria occurs often in nurseries of sporeling and commercial cultivation in the sea and results in economic loss greatly. Usually the disease outbreaks accompanied with massive multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria. From the section of the decaying Lamuutria which resulted from the inoculation of alginic acid decomposing bacteria, it was observed that the bacteria invaded the epiderm of the Laminaria surface at first, then entered the ex-odermis, endodermis and pith. In addition, there were a great amount of bacteria in the intercellular region and a lot of free cells of the algae in the decaying areas. The wall of some free cells was decomposed, which led to soft tissue or disintegration. Alginic acid decomposing bacteria are normal epiphytic microorganisms growing on Lamuutria surface. These bacteria do not cause disease at normal environmental conditions. The experiments showed that the unfavourable conditions, e. g. , wounding, overcrowding, high temperature reduced the ability of antibacterial activity and made the algae more susceptible to the pathogens and favoured the multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria and finally led to the disease outbreak. The unfavourable environmental factors which resulted from a variety of reasons were the main cause of the disease.

Isolation and Identification of a Cellulose-Decomposing Fungal Strain

In this study, a cellulose-decomposing fungal strain was isolated from the fertile soil and named F18. The cultural characteristics and morphological characteristics of fungal strain F18 were investigated and its ITS sequence was analyzed. According to the experimental results, fungal strain F18 belonged to Asper- g///us n/ger, which had ideal decomposing effect on cellulose and showed rapid and vigorous growth on a variety of medium. This study laid a preliminary foundation for the utilization of cellulose-decomposing fungal strain F18.

Isolation and Identification of Cellulose- decomposing Bacteria from Deep-litter Systems

In this study, 43 cellulose-decomposing strains were isolated from deep-litter systems. After preliminary screening with Congo red identification medium and filter paper strip medium, five strains with large transparent circles that disintegrated filter paper strips were obtained. After further liquid fermentation, CMC activity, FPA activity and natural eellulase activity of these five strains were determined, and two cellulose-decomposing strains with higher enzyme activity were screened, which were named F7 and F21. Based on molecular biological identification and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these two cellulose- decomposing strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces sp. , respectively.

Comparative Research on Facultative Anaerobic Cellulose Decomposing Bacteria Screened from Soil and Rumen Content and Diet of Dairy Cow

Twenty-nine facultative anaerobic cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil, rumen fluid, rumen residues and diet of dairy cow. Based on 16 Sr DNA analysis by BLAST algorithm method, the results showed that most of the strains were Bacillus genera, and six of the 29 strains were bigger than 10 mm of diameter of clear zones. For them, two strains were isolated from rumen fluid(L5 and L7) and other two were isolated from rumen residue(N5 and N9), while others were isolated from soil(T1) and diet(S6), respectively. Strains from rumen fluid and residue had higher activities of FPCase and CMCase, but lower β-glucosidases.

可见光通信预编码O-OFDM自适应符号分解技术研究

【目的】符号分解技术是降低峰值平均功率比(PAPR)方法中的一种,其将光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)符号分解为PAPR较小的多个分解符号,以抑制发光二极管(LED)的非线性效应。但当O-OFDM的PAPR较大时产生的分解符号较多,降低了信息速率和误码率(BER)性能。【方法】文章提出了一种预编码O-OFDM自适应符号分解串行传输(PCO-OFDM-ASDST)方案,采用预编码降低O-OFDM符号的PAPR,从而减小了自适应符号分解的平均符号分解次数。在多径信道下推导了理论信噪比(SNR)表达式,并采用蒙特卡洛仿真分析了PAPR、BER和信息速率性能。【结果】结果表明,在非对称限幅光正交频分复用(ACO-OFDM)系统4阶正交幅度调制(QAM)下,PCO-OFDM-ASDST在BER为10-4的情况下,其符号功率比自适应符号分解串行传输(ASDST)低7 dB;64QAM下,当符号功率为20 dBm时,可以提高10 Mbit/s的信息速率。【结论】PCO-OFDM-ASDST比ASDST系统具有更优的BER和信息传输速率等性能。

高温条件下土壤持水率对辣椒秸秆还田腐解效果及土壤性状的影响

以辣椒秸秆为试材,研究了2种土壤类型下不同土壤持水率对辣椒秸秆原位还田腐解的影响,以期揭示蔬菜秸秆田间分解过程并解析影响秸秆降解的关键环境因子。结果表明:在2种土壤中辣椒秸秆腐解效果存在差异,砂土80%土壤持水率条件下降解速率最快,粘土也呈现出100%土壤持水率降解迅速的趋势,砂土中木质素半纤维素与纤维素在土壤持水率达到80%时分解最迅速,而粘土中土壤持水率在100%的条件下降解速率最高。在砂土中辣椒秸秆还田对土壤pH影响幅度和影响时间均低于粘土中辣椒秸秆还田;含水量越高土壤电导率变化幅度越小,辣椒秸秆腐解对砂土电导率的影响超过对粘土电导率的影响。环境因子相关性分析与随机森林分析结果均表明,含水率、腐降解时间与腐解程度的正相关性最高,是影响辣椒秸秆降解最重要的2个环境因子。

菹草腐解期上覆水浮游细菌群落动态模拟及其环境驱动因子分析

菹草生长期内可以从水体中吸收大量的营养物质,有效抑制水体富营养化。但在季节交替期,菹草衰亡后,其残体腐解会向上覆水释放大量营养物质,对湖泊生态系统造成瞬时冲击。通过实验室模拟,将菹草分别浸泡在不同稀释比的上覆水中自然腐解,旨在研究菹草残体腐解过程上覆水水质变化及环境因子对浮游细菌的驱动作用。结果表明:(1)在稀释组(B、C组)中,菹草腐解的氮素均出现了短期冲击(第1天),冲击程度与稀释比呈正相关。(2)上覆水水质越好,浮游细菌共有OTUs(operational taxonomic units,操作分类单元)数量占比越高,且浮游菌群结构受氮素冲击的变化越剧烈。实验第30天时,稀释湖水4倍组(C组)共有OTUs占比为61%,高于原水组(A组,OTUs占比40%)和稀释2倍组(B组,OTUs占比45%)。群落结构的剧烈变化主要通过影响厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)、放线杆菌门(Actinobacteriota)和蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)的相对丰度大小实现。(3)变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)是整个腐解过程中的第一大优势菌群,A、B、C三组的第一大优势菌门均为变形杆菌门,水质提升有助于厚壁菌门的生长和繁殖,在B组和C组中的第二大优势菌群是厚壁菌门,稀释比越高两类细菌门的总相对丰度越大。(4)总悬浮物、氧化还原电位、浊度和总氮对水体中的细菌群落结构产生显著影响,腐解进程可分为2个时段,环境因子对菌群结构影响的变化与腐解进程有关。因此,相关人员可通过适度收割沉水植物残体,调节水体氮素、浊度等上覆水理化指标,调控水体中细菌的群落结构及优势菌群种类,从而降低季节性水生植物腐解引发的负面影响,最终达到科学管理沉水植物的目的。

浙江某医院实施DRG支付制度改革实践

以浙江省某三甲综合性医院实施医保DRG支付制度改革下,以信息化手段为支撑,通过建立DRG运营信息管理平台,重塑组织架构与工作机制,调整绩效方案以及各学科重点病组、重复入院等精益管理所采取的方法,在服务质量、服务效率、医保监管和费用控制4个维度,展示医保DRG管理成效,针对存在的问题提出讨论和建议。

菌酶添加对喀斯特地区全株青贮玉米发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响

试验旨在研究添加菌酶对喀斯特地区全株青贮玉米发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响,为新型青贮菌剂的应用提供参考。以真空袋法青贮全株玉米,设5个试验组和1个对照组,分别为添加等量纯化水(对照组)、植物乳杆菌(试验A组)、纤维素分解菌(试验B组)、纤维素酶(试验C组)、植物乳杆菌+纤维素分解菌(试验AB组)、植物乳杆菌+纤维素酶(试验AC组)。其中植物乳杆菌添加1×10^(5) CFU/g;纤维素分解菌为黑曲霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌=2∶1,添加量为3.0×10^(5)、1.5×10^(5) CFU/g,纤维素酶按0.3%添加。发酵60 d后同时采样并测定全株玉米的发酵特性、乳酸菌数量、营养成分、有氧稳定性指标。结果表明:试验组均有微弱香味,对照组则气味较平淡,综合评分均到达一级;试验组pH均低于4.2,达到优质青贮料标准,C、AC组pH显著低于A、B、AB组(P<0.05);A、B、C组乳酸(LA)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组乙酸(AA)含量高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),丙酸(PA)和丁酸(BA)均未检测出;A、B、C、AB组氨态氮(NH3-N)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组有氧稳定性(AS)时间均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);AB组粗蛋白(CP)显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);试验组干物质(DM)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);B、AB组粗灰分(Ash)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。采用隶属函数法综合各项指标进行评价,各组优劣排序为AC组>C组>AB组>B组>A组>对照组。说明AC、AB组可有效改善全株青贮玉米的青贮品质,提高有氧稳定性,以AC组效果最好;因此,纤维素分解菌可在一定程度上替代纤维素酶用于全株青贮玉米发酵。