Relation between Economic Development Level and Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity of Central Area of Yunnan Province Based on Decoupling Analysis

Based on the decoupiing theory and method, an indicator system was built for the relation between economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity. And the study was carried out on decoupling degree and temporal changes of economic development level and resource and environment carrying ca- pacity in the central area of Yunnan Province. Results indicated that （i） the economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity in the central area of Yunnan Province mainly experienced strong decoupling, weak decoupling, and ex- pansive negative coupling, and in general it was strong decoupling, and it took on re- verse ＂N＂ in temporal changes. （ii） Change rate of economic development level in the central area of Yunnan Province was greater than zero, but the amplitude of change was not large, while the change rate of resource and environment carrying capacity was negative in 2007-2008, and it was positive in the rest years; from 2007, it took on gradual expansion trend, and scissors difference gradually increased after experi- encing reverse ＂V＂ change. （iii） The strong decoupling was the main situation and it reached the peak value in T5 period and T6 pedod.

Knowledge representation and decoupling analysis on failure mechanisms of remotely controlled intelligent machinery

Remotely controlled intelligent machinery has complications,including loose manage-ment of failure information,low information availability,and coupling influence among systems,which can be effectively solved by analyzing the system state and information characteristics of the equipment.Taking intelligent agricultural machinery as the object,this study applies the knowledge representation method to explore equipment failure states’informational features and construct a knowledge framework model of system fail-ure representation relations and a complex network conceptual model to visualize the fail-ure information more intuitively and facilitate systematic management and utilization.The feedback-based decoupling analysis method uncouples the coupling between subsys-tems,identifying the critical state of decoupling well.It attempts to apply the knowledge representation and decoupling analysis to remotely controlled intelligent agricultural machinery equipment.Through the example,the result further illustrates the feasibility of knowledge representation and decoupling for remotely controlled intelligent agricultural machinery systems and provides essential support for better failure analysis.

Decoupled thermal–hydraulic analysis of an air-cooled separated heat pipe for spent fuel pools under natural convection

An investigation of the decoupled thermal–hydraulic analysis of a separated heat pipe spent fuel pool passive cooling system(SFS)is essential for practical engineering applications.Based on the principles of thermal and mass balance,this study decoupled the heat transfer processes in the SFS.In accordance with the decoupling conditions,we modeled the spent fuel pool of the CAP1400 pressurized water reactor in Weihai and used computational fluid dynamics to explore the heat dissipation capacity of the SFS under different air temperatures and wind speeds.The results show that the air-cooled separated heat pipe radiator achieved optimal performance at an air temperature of 10℃ or wind speed of 8 m/s.Fitted equations for the equivalent thermal conductivity of the separated heat pipes with the wind speed and air temperature we obtained according to the thermal resistance network model.This study is instructive for the actual operation of an SFS.

Decoupling effect and driving factors of carbon footprint in megacity Wuhan,Central China

Background China’s 35 largest cities,including Wuhan,are inhabited by approximately 18%of the Chinese popula-tion,and account for 40%energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.Wuhan is the only sub-provincial city in Central China and,as the eighth largest economy nationwide,has experienced a notable increase in energy con-sumption.However,major knowledge gaps exist in understanding the nexus of economic development and carbon footprint and their drivers in Wuhan.Methods We studied Wuhan for the evolutionary characteristics of its carbon footprint(CF),the decoupling relation-ship between economic development and CF,and the essential drivers of CF.Based on the CF model,we quantified the dynamic trends of CF,carbon carrying capacity,carbon deficit,and carbon deficit pressure index from 2001 to 2020.We also adopted a decoupling model to clarify the coupled dynamics among total CF,its accounts,and eco-nomic development.We used the partial least squares method to analyze the influencing factors of Wuhan’s CF and determine the main drivers.Results The CF of Wuhan increased from 36.01 million t CO_(2)eq in 2001 to 70.07 million t CO_(2)eq in 2020,a growth rate of 94.61%,which was much faster than that of the carbon carrying capacity.The energy consumption account(84.15%)far exceeded other accounts,and was mostly contributed by raw coal,coke,and crude oil.The carbon deficit pressure index fluctuated in the range of 8.44-6.74%,indicating that Wuhan was in the relief zone and the mild enhancement zone during 2001-2020.Around the same time,Wuhan was in a transition stage between weak and strong CF decoupling and economic growth.The main driving factor of CF growth was the urban per capita residen-tial building area,while energy consumption per unit of GDP was responsible for the CF decline.Conclusions Our research highlights the interaction of urban ecological and economic systems,and that Wuhan’s CF changes were mainly affected by four factors:city size,economic development,social consumption,and technological progress.The findings are of realistic significance in promoting low-carbon urban development and improving the city’s sustainability,and the related policies can offer an excellent benchmark for other cities with similar challenges.

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth and the development strategy of a low-carbon economy in Kazakhstan

Fossil energy is the material basis of human survival, economic development and social progress. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is becoming increasingly close. However, energy consumption is the major source of greenhouse gases, which can significantly affect the balance of the global ecosystem. It has become the common goal of countries worldwide to address climate change, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and implement sustainable development strategies. In this study, we applied an approximate relationship analysis, a decoupling relationship analysis, and a trend analysis to explore the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth using data from Kazakhstan for the period of 1993-2010. The results demonstrated： （1） the total energy consumption and GDP in Kazakhstan showed a ＂U＂-type curve from 1993 to 2010. This curve was observed because 1993-1999 was a period during which Kazakhstan transitioned from a republic to an independent country and experienced a difficult transition from a planned to a market economy. Then, the economic system became more stable and the industrial production increased rapidly because of the effective financial, monetary and industrial policy support from 2000 to 2010. （2） The relationships between energy con- sumption and carbon emissions, economic growth and energy exports were linked; the carbon emissions were mainly derived from energy consumption, and the dependence of economic growth on energy exports gradually increased from 1993 to 2010. Before 2000, the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth was in a recessional decoupling state because of the economic recession. After 2000, this relationship was in strong and weak decoupling states because the international crude oil prices rose and energy exports increased greatly year by year. （3） It is forecasted that Kazakhstan cannot achieve its goal of energy consumption by 2020. Therefore, a low-carbon economy is the best strategic choice to address climate change from a global perspective in Kazakhstan. Thus, we proposed strategies including the improvement of the energy consumption structure, the development of new energy and renewable energy, the use of cleaner production technologies, the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, and the expansion of forest areas.

Environmental impacts of domestic resource extraction in China

Introduction:The rapid development of economy has led to extensive raw material consumption and relevant environmental damage in China.To analyze environmental impacts and identify materials resulting in these environmental effects via raw material extraction,we combine economy-wide material flow accounting and life-cycle analysis methods to estimate environmental impacts of Chinese domestic extraction(DE)during the period of 1992–2015.The relationship between these increasing environmental impacts and Chinese GDP was also explored by decoupling analysis.Outcomes:Results show that Chinese DE increased by 372%during 1992–2015.The global warming potential,abiotic depletion potential,and respiratory inorganics of Chinese DE increased by 195%,46%,and 408%,respectively.In terms of specific materials,extraction of iron ores,gravel and sand,and coal induced the most environmental impacts.The relationship between environmental impacts and Chinese GDP/DE was characterized by relative decoupling.Conclusion:To minimize the environmental impacts of extraction,we recommend that the Chinese government improve its extraction techniques and reduce excess demand for materials with large extraction such as iron ores,gravel and sand,and coal.We also recommend researching alternative materials for scarce resources like molybdenum,gold,and fluorite.

Full scale measurement for FPSO on motions in six-degrees of freedom and environmental loads and deduction of mooring system loads

A joint industry project on a full scale measurement of Fenjin FPSO,headed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and sponsored by CNOOC,was initiated in October 2007 and has been going on for more than 25 months.The purpose of the project is to measure and collect the motions in six-degrees of freedom of an FPSO,and to collect the environmental loads at the offshore oil-field.A motion data measuring system is designed and installed on the FPSO.Another environmental data measuring system is installed on a fixed jacket platform nearby.A large quantity of valuable first-hand data is obtained.With the data collected,motion characteristics of the FPSO in a long-term period are concluded.A short-term analysis for the FPSO in one of the typhoons is also completed.The mean periods of wave-frequency motions are calculated by the spectrum analysis.The tension loads of the mooring system,which is of great concern,are calculated by the decoupled technique.