Computational Experiments for Complex Social Systems:Experiment Design and Generative Explanation

Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a novel approach for the design,analysis,management,control,and integration of CPSS,which can realize the causal analysis of complex systems by means of“algorithmization”of“counterfactuals”.However,because CPSS involve human and social factors(e.g.,autonomy,initiative,and sociality),it is difficult for traditional design of experiment(DOE)methods to achieve the generative explanation of system emergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an integrated approach to the design of computational experiments,incorporating three key modules:1)Descriptive module:Determining the influencing factors and response variables of the system by means of the modeling of an artificial society;2)Interpretative module:Selecting factorial experimental design solution to identify the relationship between influencing factors and macro phenomena;3)Predictive module:Building a meta-model that is equivalent to artificial society to explore its operating laws.Finally,a case study of crowd-sourcing platforms is presented to illustrate the application process and effectiveness of the proposed approach,which can reveal the social impact of algorithmic behavior on“rider race”.

A genetic algorithm for dynamic parameters reverse deduction of integrated anchorage system

In the analysis of the system of anchoring bar and wall rock in small strain and longitudinal vibration dynamic response, the influence of the cement grouting as well as the rock layer on the anchor bar can be evaluated as the two kinds of parameters: the dynamic stiffness and the damp, which are the vital reference of the anchorage quality. Based on the analytic solution to the dynamic equation of the integrated anchor bar, the new approach which combines genetic algorithm and the toolbox of Matlab is applied to solve the problem of multi-parameters reverse deduction for integrated anchorage system in dynamic testing. Using the traits of the self-organizing, self-adapting and the fast convergence speed of the genetic algorithm, the optimum of all possible solutions to dynamic parameters is obtained by calculating the project instances. Examples show that the method presented in this paper is effective and reliable.

Deduction Theorem and Hypothetical Syllogism Rule on Fuzzy Logic System

Cancelled the first axiom L1) or the third axiom L3) of the classical formal logic system we established two kinds of quasi-formal deductive system, LG-R^* and LG^* respectively. In LG-R^* we proved that neither the deduction theorem nor the hypothetical syllogism (HS) rule held but a deduction theorem and an HS rule are obtained in a weak sense. We also proved that both the deduction theorem and the hypothetical syllogism(HS) rule hold in LG^*.

F-fuzzy Calculus System

A formalized calculus system called F_fuzzy calculus system, which is a symbol deduction system to formalize fuzzy inference, is constructed in this paper. The fuzzy modus ponens was completely formalized in this calculus system.

Functional Orientation and Practice of Inductive and Deductive Approaches to Grammar Teaching in EFL

To solve the ambiguous understanding of Grammar Teaching position,based on explicit grammatical knowledge,this paper discusses the grammar position in EFL,compares both its pros and cons between deductive and inductive approaches,and indicates that grammar teaching by either approach alone has disadvantages,should adopt a combination technique.

A Worsted Yarn Virtual Production System Based on BP Neural Network

Back-Propagation (BP) neural network and its modified algorithm are introduced. Two series of BP neural network models have been established to predict yarn properties and to deduce wool fiber qualities. The results from these two series of models have been compared with the measured values respectively, proving that the accuracy in both the prediction model and the deduction model is high. The experimental results and the corresponding analysis show that the BP neural network is an efficient technique for the quality prediction and has wide prospect in the application of worsted yarn production system.

Formal Inferring the Law of Conservation of Energy from Assuming A-Priori-ness of Knowledge in a Formal Axiomatic Epistemology System Sigma

The research purpose is invention (construction) of a formal logical inference of the Law of Conservation of Energy within a logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology theory Sigma from a precisely defined assumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. For realizing this aim, the following work has been done: 1) a two-valued algebraic system of formal axiology has been defined precisely and applied to proper-philosophy of physics, namely, to an almost unknown (not-recognized) formal-axiological aspect of the physical law of conservation of energy;2) the formal axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology theory Sigma has been defined precisely and applied to proper-physics for realizing the above-indicated purpose. Thus, a discrete mathematical model of relationship between philosophy of physics and universal epistemology united with formal axiology has been constructed. Results: 1) By accurate computing relevant compositions of evaluation-functions within the discrete mathematical model, it is demonstrated that a formal-axiological analog of the great conservation law of proper physics is a formal-axiological law of two-valued algebra of metaphysics. (A precise algorithmic definition of the unhabitual (not-well-known) notion “formal-axiological law of algebra of metaphysics” is given.) 2) The hitherto never published significantly new nontrivial scientific result of investigation presented in this article is a formal logical inference of the law of conservation of energy within the formal axiomatic theory Sigma from conjunction of the formal-axiological analog of the law of conservation of energy and the assumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge.

Research on Design Method of the Full Form Ship with Minimum Thrust Deduction Factor

In the preliminary design stage of the full form ships, in order to obtain a hull form with low resistance and maximum propulsion efficiency, an optimization design program for a full form ship with the minimum thrust deduction factor has been developed, which combined the potential flow theory and boundary layer theory with the optimization technique. In the optimization process, the Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique（SUMT） interior point method of Nonlinear Programming（NLP） was proposed with the minimum thrust deduction factor as the objective function. An appropriate displacement is a basic constraint condition, and the boundary layer separation is an additional one. The parameters of the hull form modification function are used as design variables. At last, the numerical optimization example for lines of after-body of 50000 DWT product oil tanker was provided, which indicated that the propulsion efficiency was improved distinctly by this optimal design method.

DEDUCTION OF CONSTRAINT CONDITIONS IN THE CALIBRATION OF STEREO-VISION SYSTEN

In the test-field calibration,multi-azimuth stereo image pairs areproduced of the outdoor large control-field by the stereo-vision system under cali-bration.While in the analytical processing,the relationship between image pairsis adopted as a constraint condition,which ensures the stability and quality of thecalibration results.This paper introduces the deduction process of the constraintconditions.

THE OPTIMAL DEDUCTIBLE AND COVERAGE IN INSURANCE CONTRACTS AND EQUILIBRIUM RISK SHARING POLICIES

In this paper, we consider the optimal risk sharing problem between two parties in the insurance business: the insurer and the insured. The risk is allocated between the insurer and the insured by setting a deductible and coverage in the insurance contract. We obtain the optimal deductible and coverage by considering the expected product of the two parties' utilities of terminal wealth according to stochastic optimal control theory. An equilibrium policy is also derived for when there are both a deductible and coverage;this is done by modelling the problem as a stochastic game in a continuous-time framework. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the results of the paper.

Discussion of the Fluid Acceleration Quality of a Ducted Propulsion System on the Propulsive Performance

This paper focuses on the ducted propulsion with the accelerating nozzle,and discusses the influence of its fluid acceleration quality on its propulsive performances,including the hull efficiency,the relative rotative efficiency,the effective wake,and the thrust deduction factor.An actual ducted propulsion system is used as an example for computational analysis.The computational conditions are divided into four combinations,which are provided with different propeller pitches,cambers,and duct lengths.Themethod applied in this study is the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)technology,and the contents of the calculation include the hull’s viscous resistance,the wave-making resistance,the propeller performance curve,and the self-propulsion simulation in order to obtain the ship’s effective wake,thrust deduction factor,hull efficiency,and relative rotative efficiency.The performance curve of the propeller and resistance estimation results are compared with the experimental values for determining the correctness of the self-propulsion simulation.According to the computational analysis,it is known that increasing the propeller pitch cannot effectively increase the hull efficiency.The duct acceleration quality can be reduced by shortening the duct length;hence,when the effective wake fraction and thrust deduction factor decrease,the hull efficiency is increased.In addition,the pressure inside the duct is relatively low if the acceleration quality of the duct is too high,which is unfavorable for controlling the propeller cavitation.Moreover,if the hull bottom in front of the propeller is tapered up from the front to the back at an overly steep angle,the thrust deduction factor will be too large and lead to a relatively low hull efficiency.

Implementing Semantic Deduction of Propositional Knowledge in an Extension Multi-layer Perceptron

The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some properties is discussed. Formulas of the extended calculus can be expressed in the extension multi-layer perceptron. Naturally, semantic deduction of prop ositional knowledge base can be implement by the extension multi-layer perceptr on, and by learning, an unknown formula set can be found.

水利工程质量监督全过程全方位定量评价模型构建

为促进我国水利工程质量监督管理工作运行的高效化,确保工程监督的有效性和权威性,基于AHP(analytic hierarchy process)原理,针对水利部督查小组的现场检查情况,依据水利部下达的相关文件,结合负分制和一票否决制,将定性问题定量化,构建一套涉及水利工程建设、运行、管理全过程全方位的质量监督管理评价模型,共包含7层2112个指标。在综合试错的基础上,计算得出不同层级和不同指标的权重,然后选用该模型分析评价2020年7个省份受督查水利工程项目的质量管理与安全生产管理监督数据,间接说明模型的实用性和易操作性。评价结果表明:7个省份均在合格以上,整体质量管理情况较好,但得分差异显著,其中最高得分90.6、最低得分65.6,相差25分;不同类型管理评价结果显示,安全生产管理得分普遍高于质量管理得分;各参建单位评价结果显示,建设单位和勘察设计单位的情况最优、评分基本达到满分,而质量检测单位和施工单位得分最低、需重点加强相关监管。评价结果为水利工程监督管理工作提供了科学的数据支撑,构建的评价模型也为水利工程质量监督定量化提供了易实操的普适性工具。

The Effect of Integrating Inductive Approach and Deductive Approach With Multimedia Assistance Into Acquisition of Subjunctive Mood

This study applied both inductive approach and deductive approach with multimedia assistance into an English grammar class on the acquisition of subjunctive mood. It aimed to investigate whether this kind of teaching approach, as a general grammar pedagogy, would improve the efficiency of students＇ acquisition of certain grammar points. This study results from comparison and contrast between one same class on the acquisition of subjunctive mood to 70 students in total, employing three different teaching methods： inductive approach with multimedia assistance （method 1）, deductive approach with multimedia assistance （method 2）, and both inductive approach and deductive approach with multimedia assistance （method 3）, based on self-reported reflection on the experiment, observation of students＇ learning process, students＇ pre-test and after-class evaluation test results, and surveys. Two identical experiments were conducted to two groups of students of different levels of language proficiency to increase the generalizability of the results. Findings revealed that the evaluation test score of the grammatical points taught with method 3 is much higher than those taught with the other two methods, and most students felt positive about method 3. Students nevertheless encounter obvious difficulties in inductive approach, indicating certain lack of self-learning skills in Chinese students

Tool Wear Optimization for General CNC Turning Using Fuzzy Deduction

Tool wear is frequently considered in the modern CNC (computer numerical control) turning industry. Most existing optimization researches for CNC finish turning were either accomplished within certain manufacturing circumstances, or achieved through numerous equipment operations. Therefore, a general deduction optimization scheme proposed is deemed to be necessary for the industry. In this paper, four parameters (cutting depth, feed rate, speed, tool nose runoff) with three levels (low, medium, high) are considered to optimize the tool wear for finish turning based on orthogonal array. Additionally, nine fuzzy control rules using triangle membership function with respective to five linguistic grades for tool wear are constructed. Considering four input and twenty output intervals, the defuzzification using center of gravity is then completed and introduced as the S/N (signal-to-noise) ratio. Thus, the optimum general deduction parameters can then be received. The confirmation experiment for optimum general deduction parameters is furthermore performed on an ECOCA-3807 CNC lathe. It is shown that the tool wear ratio from the fuzzy deduction optimization parameters is significantly advanced comparing to those from benchmark. This paper not only proposes a general deduction optimization scheme using orthogonal array, but also contributes the satisfactory fuzzy linguistic approach to tool wear in CNC turning with profound insight.

A theoretical deduction for the location of neutral axis in intestine at unloaded configuration

The function of Gastrointestinal tract including intestine is to a large degree mechanical.The mechanical properties of the intestinal wall,and the tonic (sustained) and/or phasic(short-

A Comparison between Deductive and Inductive Approaches for Teaching EFL Grammar to High School Students

This study had the purpose of testingtwo methods for teaching grammar in Englishasa Foreign Language(EFL)class:the deductive and inductive approaches in terms of effectiveness and rapport.This research was conducted in a public high school in Ecuador.Seventy students enrolled in the second year of senior high school participated.One in-service teacher taught the EFL classes during the process of intervention(10 weeks),and two EFL teachers observed all of these classes and recorded the information by filling in observation sheets.The students were administered grammar pretests and post-tests in order to assess their grammar knowledge.The results of the tests showed a significant difference in the scores in favor of the inductive approach.After the statistical analysis of the data obtained from the tests and observation sheets,we concluded that the inductive approach is more effective for teaching grammar in the EFL classroom in terms of instruction and rapport.

Emotion Deduction from Social Media Text Data Using Machine Learning Algorithm

Emotion represents the feeling of an individual in a given situation. There are various ways to express the emotions of an individual. It can be categorized into verbal expressions, written expressions, facial expressions and gestures. Among these various ways of expressing the emotion, the written method is a challenging task to extract the emotions, as the data is in the form of textual dat. Finding the different kinds of emotions is also a tedious task as it requires a lot of pre preparations of the textual data taken for the research. This research work is carried out to analyse and extract the emotions hidden in text data. The text data taken for the analysis is from the social media dataset. Using the raw text data directly from the social media will not serve the purpose. Therefore, the text data has to be pre-processed and then utilised for further processing. Pre-processing makes the text data more efficient and would infer valuable insights of the emotions hidden in it. The preprocessing steps also help to manage the text data for identifying the emotions conveyed in the text. This work proposes to deduct the emotions taken from the social media text data by applying the machine learning algorithm. Finally, the usefulness of the emotions is suggested for various stake holders, to find the attitude of individuals at that moment, the data is produced. .

区域协调发展中的地方经济权利研究

地方经济权利理论在长期的区域发展中落后于实践。地方经济权利以权利主体的多层次性为理论依托,关注的是在区域发展的大背景下各地方的经济发展利益。地方经济权利在宪法和经济法部门中均有其合法的理论来源。经济法部门中的权利有双层架构,而地方经济权利应隶属于经济权利的第二层。地方经济权利以发展权、竞争权、补偿权为主要内容。最后,地方经济权利的实现则需要借助规范性的区域法制体系及专门性的区域协调机构为制度保障,实现经济权利的进一步完善与丰富。

省以下财政体制改革的底层逻辑与顶层设计

省以下财政体制是行政隶属关系、地方政府间财政关系和委托代理关系等诸多利益关系的综合与协同,既有分税制财政管理体制的一般特征,又遵从某些底层逻辑,进行着省以下财政资源配置,维系着地方财政基本运行与一般均衡。通过引入底层逻辑这一表述,本文旨在揭示省以下财政体制中的一些基本问题、演绎机理等,借此进行真实命题挖掘与学术梳理,并为新一轮财税体制改革提供精准有效的省以下供给方案与政策建议。