The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions a...The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Previous studies have demonstrated that reactions to unfair offers in the ultimatum game are correlated with negative emotion. However, little is known about the difference in neural activity between a proposer＇s dec...Previous studies have demonstrated that reactions to unfair offers in the ultimatum game are correlated with negative emotion. However, little is known about the difference in neural activity between a proposer＇s decision-making in the ultimatum game compared with the dictator game. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study revealed that proposing fair offers in the dictator game elicited greater activation in the right supramarginal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game in 23 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students from Beijing Normal University in China. However, greater activation was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and left cingulate gyrus for the reverse contrast. ＂The results indicate that proposing fair offers in the dictator game is more strongly associated with cognitive control and conflicting information processing compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game.展开更多
通过全面综合分析Web of Science数据库中相关文献,本文系统梳理了21世纪以来俄语认知神经科学研究的发展动态。研究发现,该领域研究的核心主要集中于语言理解和产生的大脑机制,其研究主要借助事件相关电位技术、眼动追踪技术和功能磁...通过全面综合分析Web of Science数据库中相关文献,本文系统梳理了21世纪以来俄语认知神经科学研究的发展动态。研究发现,该领域研究的核心主要集中于语言理解和产生的大脑机制,其研究主要借助事件相关电位技术、眼动追踪技术和功能磁共振成像技术。在多学科融合的趋势下,俄语认知神经研究有望通过拓展研究领域、整合多模态方法以及深入挖掘俄语特点等方面取得更深入和全面的成果。该研究为俄语认知神经科学领域的未来发展提供了有益的参考。展开更多
文摘The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by the National Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning at Beijing Normal University (the 973 program),No. 2010CB8339004the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30970911+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities,No.SWJTU11BR192the Humanity and Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education of China,No. 12YJC630317
文摘Previous studies have demonstrated that reactions to unfair offers in the ultimatum game are correlated with negative emotion. However, little is known about the difference in neural activity between a proposer＇s decision-making in the ultimatum game compared with the dictator game. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study revealed that proposing fair offers in the dictator game elicited greater activation in the right supramarginal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game in 23 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students from Beijing Normal University in China. However, greater activation was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and left cingulate gyrus for the reverse contrast. ＂The results indicate that proposing fair offers in the dictator game is more strongly associated with cognitive control and conflicting information processing compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game.
文摘通过全面综合分析Web of Science数据库中相关文献,本文系统梳理了21世纪以来俄语认知神经科学研究的发展动态。研究发现,该领域研究的核心主要集中于语言理解和产生的大脑机制,其研究主要借助事件相关电位技术、眼动追踪技术和功能磁共振成像技术。在多学科融合的趋势下,俄语认知神经研究有望通过拓展研究领域、整合多模态方法以及深入挖掘俄语特点等方面取得更深入和全面的成果。该研究为俄语认知神经科学领域的未来发展提供了有益的参考。
