Experimental Study of Dissolution-Alteration of Amphibole in a Hydrothermal Environment

Amphibole is a rock-forming mineral widely existing on the earth.It is easily dissolved and altered during the later stage of diagenesis and mineralization,and often forms chloritization,which is an important indicator for prospecting.To explore amphibole's dissolution process and alteration mechanism,dissolution experiments were carried out under acidic conditions using pargasite-rich amphibole as raw material,and the effects of temperature,p H,and experiment duration on amphibole alteration were investigated.Experimental samples and products were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer,field emission scanning electron microscope,electron probe micro analyzer,and transmission electron microscopy.It was found that many pores and erosion edges are produced after amphibole dissolution,and there is a clear interface between the dissolved residual portion and the parent.The dissolved residual portion remains in the amphibole phase,but as the temperature and time increase,the intensity of the diffraction peak of the phase in the product decreases,and the peak position shifts to a small angle.Many clay minerals such as chlorite and griffithite formed on the amphibole surface.In an environment with strong acidity(p H=3),the amount of chamosite increases with temperature(180℃→210℃→240℃),whereas clinochlore is only increased in a 150–210℃environment.Griffithite growth was observed in the acidic(p H=6)and low temperature(<180℃)environments.Based on this analysis,large radius Cl–enters the amphibole lattice or cracks to promote dissolution.The Al-poor and Ca-and Fe-rich regions between the edge and core of the amphibole are caused by dynamic equilibrium in amphibole dissolution and alteration process,which is an essential indicator for the beginning of amphibole dissolution-alteration.Diffusion and the coupled dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism accomplishes the process of dissolution and alteration to form clay minerals.The energy of the system determined by temperature and p H is the key to controlling the rate of growth and nucleation of clay minerals.High temperature and strong acidity will dissolve more iron from amphibole,which is conducive to chlorite growth.Compared to chlorite,griffithite is more sensitive to temperature.Griffithite attaches on the amphibole surface with a star-like in a weak acid and low-temperature environment.The results of this study can provide a mineralogical basis for the analysis of hydrothermal alteration processes and the division of alteration zones.

Analysis of the Positive Effect from the Typhoon Saomai to the Hydrothermal Environment of Shanghai

Northwestern Pacific is the only ocean which has the most typhoon formation. The study of typhoon has far reaching significance today. Typhoon can relieve drought and make temperature drop substantially. Even we were suffering continuous high temperature in summer, the temperature would decrease immediately accompanied with typhoon. By using MODIS and weather station data to calculate the vegetation index, we analyze the drought characteristics of Shanghai during Saomai period, so that we can show the changes from the two aspects of the vegetation growth and the surface temperature. On the other hand, through the relative humidity data of Typhoon Saomai, we can find that the vegetation index and the relative humidity have been increased significantly. Typhoon rain also has its beneficial agricultural production side. It can lift the drought or ease the drought. It also provides abundant water resources for the growth of crops. In addition, the typhoon for the adjustment of the Earth’s heat, is contributed to maintain heat balance. Therefore, the typhoon to bring the changes in hydrothermal environment on the objective assessment of its impact and timely use of typhoon resources are of great significance.

Effects of Hydrothermal Environment on the Deformation of the Thin Bamboo Bundle Veneer Laminated Composites

To overcome warping in thin bamboo bundle veneer laminated composites(TBLC),their hydrothermal deformation characteristics were systematically investigated in this study.It was found that TBLCs accelerated the release of internal stress in the thickness direction in a hydrothermal environment,which increased their warpage.TBLCs showed increased warpage in the width and diagonal directions upon increasing the temperature.The warpage of Type E increased by 155.88%and 66.67%in the width and diagonal directions,respectively,when the temperature increased from 25
C to 100
C.The symmetrical TBLC with cross-lay-up and odd layers displayed better hydrothermal stability.We revealed that the deformation of the TBLCs could be regulated under the synergistic effect of water and temperature.These results provide a scientific basis for improving the uniformity of bamboo bundle composite materials and for developing thin bamboo bundle fiber composite materials with designable structures and controllable performance.

Microbial community structure and diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre

The aim of this study is to investigate microbial structures and diversities in five active hydrothermal fields＇ sediments along the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre （ELSC） in the Lau Basin （southwest Pacific）. Microbial communities were surveyed by denatured gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The differences in microbial community structures among sediment samples from the five deep-sea hydrothermal sites were revealed by DGGE profiles. Cluster analysis of DGGE profiles sepa- rated the five hydrothermal samples into two groups. Four different 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, repre- senting two selected hydrothermal samples （19-4TVG8 and 19-4TVG11）, were constructed. Twenty-three and 32 phylotypes were identified from 166 and 160 bacterial clones respectively, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes. The phylum Proteobacteria is dominant in both bacterial libraries with a predominance of Gamma-Proteobacteria. A total of 31 and 25 phylotypes were obtained from 160 and 130 archaeal clones respectively, including Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Marine Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, Marine Benthic Group E, Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeota and Deep-sea Hy- drothermal Vent Euryarchaeota. These results show a variety of clones related to those involved in sulfur cycling, suggesting that the cycling and utilization of sulfur compounds may extensively occur in the Lau Basin deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem.

Microbial community structure and nitrogenase gene diversity of sediment from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field on the Southwest Indian Ridge

A sediment sample was collected from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field located at a depth of 2 951 m on the Southwest Indian Ridge. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on the prokaryotic community using polymerase chain reaction（PCR） amplification of the 16 S rRNA and nifH genes. Within the Archaea, the dominant clones were from marine benthic group E（MBGE） and marine group I（MGI） belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota, respectively. More than half of the bacterial clones belonged to the Proteobacteria, and most fell within the Gammaproteobacteria. No epsilonproteobacterial sequence was observed. Additional phyla were detected including the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi, Chlamydiae, Verrucomicrobia, and candidate divisions OD1, OP11, WS3 and TM6, confirming their existence in hydrothermal vent environments. The detection of nifH gene suggests that biological nitrogen fixation may occur in the hydrothermal vent field of the Southwest Indian Ridge. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that only Clusters I and III NifH were present. This is consistent with the phylogenetic analysis of the microbial 16 S rRNA genes, indicating that Bacteria play the main role in nitrogen fixation in this hydrothermal vent environment.

A Lagrangian Particle Random Walk Model for Simulating A Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Plume with both Buoyant and Non-Buoyant Features

This paper presents a computational model of simulating a deep-sea hydrothermal plume based on a Lagrangian particle random walk algorithm. This model achieves the efficient process to calculate a numerical plume developed in a fluid-advected environment with the characteristics such as significant filament intermittency and significant plume meander due to flow variation with both time and location. Especially, this model addresses both non-buoyant and buoyant features of a deep-sea hydrothermal plume in three dimensions, which significantly challenge a strategy for tracing the deep-sea hydrothermal plume and localizing its source. This paper also systematically discusses stochastic initial and boundary conditions that are critical to generate a proper numerical plume. The developed model is a powerful tool to evaluate and optimize strategies for the tracking of a deep-sea hydrothermal plume via an autonomous underwater vehicle （AUV）.

Characterization of DNA polymerase δ from deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

DNA polymerase δ(Polδ)plays a crucial and versatile role in DNA replication and DNA repair processes.Vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata is the primary megafaunal community living in hydrothermal vents.In this study,the Polδfrom shrimp Rimicaris exoculata was cloned,expressed and characterized.The results showed that the Polδcatalytic subunit(POLD1),852 amino acids in length,shared high homology with crayfish Procambarus clarkii and shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria.The recombinant POLD1 expressed in Escherichia coli showed that the enzyme was active in a range of 20℃ to 40℃ with an optimum temperature at 25℃ and in a wide range of p H with an optimum at pH 6.0.The activities of POLD1 were significantly enhanced in the presence of Triton-X 100,Tween 20 and Mn^(2+).The K_(m)(dNTP)value of POLD1 was 4.7μmol/L.The present study would be helpful to reveal the characterization of Polδof deep-sea vent animals.

Geochemical Indication of Sinian Bedded Siliceous Rocks in the Hunan-Guizhou-Guangxi Area and Their Environmental Significance

: In the Hunan-Guizhou-Guangxi area there have developed very thick bedded siliceous rocks of the late Sinian. The rocks have a fairly pure composition, with an average content of siliceous minerals exceeding 95%. They are relatively rich in Fe and Mn, and poor in Al, Ti and Mg. The Fe/Ti, (Fe+Mn)/Ti, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) and U/Th ratios and the Al-Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+Cu)×10 triangle diagrams all show that they are hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rocks. In the rocks the total amount of REEs is low, the δCe shows an obvious negative anomaly and the δEu a weak anomaly, and LREE>HREE, all indicating that they are products of hydrothermal processes. The δ30Si and δ18O values, as well as the formation temperature of the rocks all clearly show that the silica forming the rocks comes from hot water. Besides, analyses of the depositional environment of the rocks using the MnO/TiO2 ratio and the δCe and δ30Si values yield the same conclusion that they are formed in environments from continental marginal slopes of a bathyal environment to oceanic basins of a deep-sea environment.

Hydrothermal synthesis of calcium sulfate whisker from flue gas desulfurization gypsum

Plenty of flue gas desulfurization(FGD) gypsum generated from coal-fired power plants for sulfur dioxide sequestration caused many environmental issues. Preparing calcium sulfate whisker(CSW) from FGD gypsum by hydrothermal synthesis is considered to be a promising approach to solve this troublesome problem and utilize calcium sulfate in a high-value-added way. The effects of particle size of FGD gypsum, slurry concentration,and additives on CSW were investigated in this work. The results indicated that fine particle size of FGD gypsum and moderately high slurry concentration were beneficial for crystal nucleation and growth. Three additives of magnesium chloride, citric acid, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) were employed in this study. It was found that mean length and aspect ratio of CSW were both decreased by the usage of magnesium chloride,while a small quantity of citric acid or SDBS could improve the CSW morphology. When multi-additives of citric acid-SDBS were employed, the mean length and aspect ratio increased more than 20%. Moreover, surface morphology of CSW went better, and the particle size and crystal shape became more uniform.

A data processing method for MAPR hydrothermal plume turbidity data and its application in the Precious Stone Mountain hydrothermal field

Hydrothermal plume is an important constituent of seabed hydrothermal circulation and is also one of the characteristics of active hydrothermal vents. Portable Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorders （MAPR） attached to a towed deep-sea instrument was used to search for hydrothermal plumes and hydrothermal vents. We introduced the basic principle of MAPR based on deep towing technology to detect plumes, then analyzed the factors affecting the quality of the MAPR data and presented a data correction method for MAPR, including instrument location correction, noise reduction processing, system error elimination and seawater background reduction. Finally we applied the method to analyze MAPR data obtained during the Chinese DY115-21 cruise on R/VDayang Iin the “Precious Stone Mountain” hydrothermal field on the Gala-pagos Microplate. The results provided a better understanding of the distribution of the hydrothermal activ-ity in this field, indicating the presence of a new hydrothermal vent.

On Optimal Frequencies of Acoustic in-situ Detector for Seafloor Hydrothermal Vents

The approach to determine working frequencies of acoustic in-situ detector for seafloor hydrothermal fluid is presented. Based on the research of deep-sea noise and the sound generated by mid-ocean ridge black smoker hydrothermal vents, and on the hydrothermal-vent animal hearing ranges, coupled with influences of suspended particles of hydrothermal on acoustic attenuation under different frequencies, the optimal frequency range for detection of acoustical signal near black smokers is determined. The optimal frequencies providing the maximum ratio of receiver signal to background noise are obtained. We have developed a laboratory experimental setup for the optimal frequencies selection. In particular, we evaluated time-of-flight performance with respect to the source signal parameters of center frequency and bandwidth. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach. Current results indicate that individual transducers operated in the range of 18 - 25 kHz are immune to most interfering sounds and suitable for our system.

Major and trace element composition of surface sediments from the Southwest Indian Ridge:evidence for the incorporation of a hydrothermal component

Hydrothermal materials in deep-sea sediments provide a robust tracer to the localized hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges. Major, trace and rare earth element（REE） data for surface sediments collected from the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge are presented to examine the existence of hydrothermal component.Biogenic carbonate oozes dominate all the sediment samples, with CaO content varying from 85.5% to 89.9% on a volatile-free basis. The leaching residue of bulk sediments by ~5% HCl is compositionally comparable to the Upper Continental Crust（UCC） in SiO_2, Al_2O_3, CaO, MgO, alkali elements（Rb, Cs） and high field strength elements（Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Ti）. These detritus-hosted elements are inferred to be prominently derived from the Australian continent by means of eolian dust, while the contribution of local volcaniclastics is insignificant. In addition, the residual fraction shows a clear enrichment in Fe, Mn, and Ba compared with the UCC. Combining the positive Eu anomaly of residual fraction which is opposed to the UCC but the characteristic of hydrothermal fluids and associated precipitates occurred at mid-ocean ridges, the incorporation of localized hydrothermal component can be constrained. REE mixing calculations indicate that more than half REE within the residual fraction（~55%–60%） are derived from a hydrothermal component, which is inferred to be resulted from a diffuse fluid mineralization. The low-temperature diffuse flow may be widely distributed along the slow-ultraslow spreading ridges where crustal faults and fissures abound, and probably have a great mineralization potential.

Constrains of eruption environment and hydrothermal fluid on the Permian pyroclastic reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin,SW China

A breakthrough has been recently made in the hydrocarbon exploration of the Permian pyroclastic rocks in the Jianyang Area,western Sichuan Basin,China.With an aim to decipher the impacts of the eruption environment,the temperature of hydrothermal fluids,and the paleo-salinity on the formation of authigenic mineral assemblage and pores,this study implements comprehensive petrographic and geochemical studies through the integrated core and thin section analyses.The data presented demonstrate that the Permian volcanic intervals are intensively affected by an event of Emei taphrogeny.During basaltic magma upward migration,fractional crystallization of anorthose results in slightlyalkaline magma.The specific pyroclastic rocks are formed by the eruption of slightly-alkaline magma in the sea or a salt lake and subsequent hydrothermal alteration.During deposition and diagenesis,the authigenic mineral association is constrained jointly by the sodium-rich and high salinity water environment,and mid-high temperature,high-salinity hydrothermal fluid.Specifically,the sodium-rich hydrothermal fluid,which may sustain till the late diagenesis stage,caused pervasive albitization of pyroclastic rocks,then leading to mineral transformation and formation of a series of mineral associations.Therefore,zeolitization of volcanic glass and vesicle-infillings of zeolite is an essential condition for later mineral transformation and dissolution.Albitization of analcite,recrystallization induced by deep hydrothermal fluids,and both meteoric and deep burial dissolution expanding the micro-pore space ultimately formed porous pyroclastic reservoirs.

生草对贵州高海拔区苹果园土壤呼吸及水热环境的影响

【目的】探明西南冷凉高地苹果产区果园不同草种覆盖条件土壤呼吸特征及其与土壤水热的关系,为筛选苹果园适宜生草类型提供参考依据。【方法】设置鼠茅草(Vulpia myuros)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa)、鼠茅草+鸭茅+白三叶混播、黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅混播、鼠茅草+黑麦草+白三叶混播8个苹果园生草处理,以清耕作对照(CK),利用LI-6400XT便携式光合测定系统配套使用土壤呼吸气室(6400-09)测定果园土壤呼吸速率,采用非线性回归和指数模型,分析不同生草处理对土壤呼吸与土壤水热环境的影响。【结果】生草显著提高果园土壤呼吸速率,较清耕提高0.07%~256.39%,其中,黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅混播处理提高幅度最高。生草覆盖显著提高土壤水分保持能力,对0~20 cm土层的影响最明显,相同月份不同生草处理间土壤水分差异明显,生草混播处理提高土壤水分能力优于生草单播处理。生草覆盖后显著降低夏季(5—7月)表层土壤(0~5 cm)温度。不同生草覆盖处理土壤水分含量与土壤呼吸以二次函数拟合效果最佳,决定系数R 2在0.242~0.989,拟合度较高。各生草处理土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率呈指数函数关系,0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层拟合模型决定系数R 2平均值高于10~15 cm和15~20 cm土层。土壤温度、水分及二者的交互作用对土壤呼吸的协同影响高于土壤单因子的影响。【结论】苹果园生草处理可显著提高土壤呼吸速率,显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤的水分保持能力,降低果园夏季表层土壤(0~5 cm)温度,有效改善苹果根系生长环境,有利于树体发育。不同生草模式中以黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅混播处理效果最优。

新疆白杨河铀矿区白色云母短波红外光谱及电子探针成分特征

铀是我国战略性关键金属资源之一,对科技发展和国家安全具有重要意义。新疆白杨河铀矿床是我国重要的热液型铀矿床,铀成矿过程中广泛发育白色云母。已有研究表明,白杨河铀矿床白色云母短波红外光谱蕴含着丰富的地质信息,记录了其形成热液环境及其与矿化的关系,但其短波红外光谱变化规律及其地质影响因素研究依然薄弱。因此,运用短波红外光谱技术和电子探针微区分析等分析方法对矿床白色云母进行分析研究。研究表明:白杨河铀矿床白色云母Al-OH特征吸收峰波长在2190和2220 nm之间漂移变化,电子探针化学组分表明其发生了明显的Tschermak(契尔马克)替换,Al-OH特征吸收峰波长直接受Mg和Fe含量以及Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值的影响,也受围岩成分的影响。Al-OH特征吸收峰波长较短的白色云母反映了相对高温的热液流体环境,而Al-OH特征吸收峰波长较长的白色云母则代表了相对低温的热液流体环境。白杨河铀矿床铀矿化点附近白色云母具有相对较短的Al-OH特征吸收峰波长、较大的ISM(伊利石光谱成熟度)值和较低的FWHM 2200(半峰宽)值。综合白色云母的Al-OH特征吸收峰波长、ISM值和FWHM2200值的空间变化规律,可以推断白杨河铀矿床的热液矿化中心位于杨庄花岗斑岩与上泥盆统火山岩的北部接触带。这不仅对完善白杨河铀矿床成因和深部与外围勘探具有重要的实际意义,对其他热液型金属矿产勘查亦具有重要的参考价值。

黔西水城区立火锰矿床成因的地质地球化学约束

二叠纪是华南地区重要的锰富集成矿期。本文以贵州省西部水城区立火锰矿含锰岩系为研究对象,分析影响贵州二叠纪成锰作用的岩相古地理,讨论锰质来源及成因、沉积环境及锰沉淀方式。采用光学显微镜、XRF、XRD和ICP-MS对水城立火锰矿含锰岩系、顶板及底板进行矿物组成、主量、微量及稀土元素分析测试。结果表明,该矿床含锰岩系形成于伸展拉张的台地内部裂陷盆地,锰矿石中见重晶石、石膏、天青石、菱锰矿及菱铁矿等热水沉积矿物,发育热水沉积典型纹层状构造及火山活动长石斑晶硅质交代结构,富含Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、V、Mo等热水沉积元素,具有显著Ce/Ce^(*)负异常稀土配分模式。Mn/Fe、SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)、Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)、Co/Ni、Co/Zn、Y/Ho比值及Fe-Mn-(Cu+Co+Ni)×10、Co-Ni-Zn、Co/Zn vs.(Cu+Co+Ni)、LogU/LogTh及Fe/Ti vs.Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)地球化学图解显示水城立火锰矿是热水沉积成因;V/Cr、V/(V+Ni)及Ce_(anom)特征值指示该锰矿床形成于氧化-弱氧化-弱还原海相沉积环境。综合地质、地球化学特征,该矿床锰成矿作用经历了铁锰氧化物(氢氧化物)初始沉淀及铁锰氧化物(氢氧化物)相转化为菱锰矿相的地质演化过程。

早寒武世玉尔吐斯组烃源岩沉积环境与有机质富集机制

早寒武世玉尔吐斯组烃源岩发育机制是塔里木盆地深层油气勘探研究的重点之一,近些年台盆区超深层的钻井完钻前寒武系地层,为盆地内的寒武系烃源岩发育机制研究提供了理想窗口。为探究寒武系烃源岩沉积期的古海洋环境与古生产力,并阐明有机质的富集机制,文章对塔北地区典型单井系统开展了TOC、主微量元素及碳氧同位素分析。结果表明,玉尔吐斯组下段处于缺氧—硫化的沉积环境,生产力较高;上段处于贫氧的沉积环境,生产力逐渐减弱,处于低生产力水平;碳氧同位素等指标表明玉尔吐斯组下段沉积于广泛海侵的背景下,且存在上升流作用,受上升洋流及轻度热液活动影响,营养物质的输入导致该时期初级生产力勃发,有机质的富集主要受控于较高的生产力及良好的保存条件;玉尔吐斯组上段沉积时基本无热液活动,生产力水平逐渐降低,水体的还原性也开始减弱,表现为上段高位体系域的低生产力水平和贫氧的沉积环境,最终导致有机质的丰度较低。

水热环境中马尾松早材和晚材的轴向拉伸力学行为

【目的】探究水热环境中马尾松早材(EW)和晚材(LW)的轴向拉伸力学行为,在生长轮尺度上揭示木材软化行为发生规律,为木材弯曲、塑化、大变形加工等实际应用中工艺参数的选择和优化提供参考。【方法】以马尾松心材区域第17生长轮的早材和晚材为研究对象,采用X射线剖面密度仪测定早材和晚材的绝干密度;利用轮转式切片机在早材和晚材区域的径切面(LR)制取LR-EW和LR-LW组织切片,在早材与晚材区域的弦切面(LT)制取LT-EW和LT-LW组织切片;应用X射线衍射仪和动态力学分析仪在30、40、50、60、70和80℃条件下测定LREW、LR-LW、LT-EW和LT-LW组织切片的微纤丝角、拉伸弹性模量、拉伸强度和拉伸应变速率。【结果】1)晚材的绝干密度(0.836 g·cm^(3))是早材(0.388 g·cm^(3))的2.2倍。任一温度时,早材的微纤丝角大于晚材,弦切面的微纤丝角大于径切面;饱水早材和晚材在径切面或弦切面的微纤丝角均随温度升高而减小。2)30℃时,晚材径切面的拉伸弹性模量是早材的2.1倍,晚材弦切面的拉伸弹性模量是早材的3.3倍。在4种组织切片中,LT-LW的拉伸强度最大,LR-LW的拉伸强度是LR-EW的2.0倍。绝干密度和微纤丝角是影响早材和晚材径切面、弦切面拉伸力学行为的2个关键因子。3)当温度由30℃升至80℃时,早材和晚材在径切面、弦切面的拉伸弹性模量和拉伸强度呈降低趋势,其降幅均为早材大于晚材、弦切面大于径切面。早材和晚材在径切面或弦切面拉伸弹性模量和拉伸强度降幅的拐点温度均为60℃,与木材细胞壁中木质素发生软化有关。4)任一加载速率(0.5、1.0和2.0 N·min^(−1))时,饱水早材和晚材在径切面、弦切面的拉伸应变速率均随温度升高而增大;当温度和加载速率一定时,早材径切面的拉伸应变速率是晚材的2.0倍,早材弦切面的拉伸应变速率是晚材的3.3倍。当加载速率倍增时,早材和晚材径切面、弦切面的拉伸应变速率均呈倍增变化趋势。【结论】饱水早材和晚材在径切面或弦切面的微纤丝角、拉伸弹性模量和拉伸强度均随温度升高而减小(或降低)。与晚材相比,温度变化对早材拉伸弹性模量和拉伸强度的影响更大。温度升高引起微纤丝角变小,抑制拉伸弹性模量和拉伸强度降低,但在60℃及以上水热环境中,木质素软化是引起拉伸弹性模量和拉伸强度降低的主要因素。

湿热环境对道路用碳纤维基复合材料的老化影响研究进展

随着现代交通基础设施的快速发展,碳纤维基复合材料(CFRP)以其高强度、轻质和优良的耐腐蚀性能,在道路建设中的应用前景日趋广阔。然而,这些材料在实际应用中常常暴露于湿热环境中,导致性能逐渐退化,影响道路的安全性和使用寿命。该文总结了CFRP的湿热老化机理,综述了湿热老化对CFRP力学性能影响的研究进展,并探讨了可能的改进措施和未来的研究方向。

The role of hydrostatic pressure on the metal corrosion in simulated deep-sea environments—a review

This paper reviewed the corrosion behavior of metals in simulated deep-water environments and briefly discussed the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the different corrosion types for the active and the passive alloys.A consensus on the corrosion mechanism is that hydrostatic pressure accelerates the dissolution kinetics,changes the chemical compositions of the product layer or passive films,and promotes the adsorption of Cl^(-)on the metal surface.In addition,a newly-developed mechanism that hydrostatic pressure facilitates the dissolution process by thinning the electric double layer was reviewed,the synergistic effect of hydrostatic pressure and tensile stress on the stress corrosion cracking was discussed,and the modified coating with chemical bonding interface to prolong the service life in this environment was introduced.