Variable ballast systems are necessary for manned submersibles to adjust their buoyancy.In this paper,the design of a variable ballast system for a manned submersible is described.The variable ballast system uses a su...Variable ballast systems are necessary for manned submersibles to adjust their buoyancy.In this paper,the design of a variable ballast system for a manned submersible is described.The variable ballast system uses a super high pressure hydraulic seawater system.A super high pressure seawater pump and a deep-sea brushless DC motor are used to pump seawater into or from the variable ballast tank,increasing or decreasing the weight of the manned submersible.A magnetostrictive linear displacement transducer can detect the seawater level in the variable ballast tank.Some seawater valves are used to control pumping direction and control on-off states.The design and testing procedure for the valves is described.Finally,the future development of variable ballast systems and seawater hydraulic systems is projected.展开更多
In this paper, a robust path following control law is proposed for a deep-sea manned submersible maneuvering along a predeterminated path. Developed in China, the submersible is underactuated in the horizontal plane i...In this paper, a robust path following control law is proposed for a deep-sea manned submersible maneuvering along a predeterminated path. Developed in China, the submersible is underactuated in the horizontal plane in that it is actuated by two perpendicular thrusts in this plane. The advanced non-singular terminal sliding mode （NTSM） is implemented for the design of the path following controller, which can ensure the convergence of the motion system in finite time and improve its robustness against parametric uncertainties and environmental disturbances. In the process of controller design, the close-loop stability is considered and proved by Lyapunov＇ s stability theory. With the experimental data, numerical simulations are provided to verify the control law for path following of the deep-sea manned submersible.展开更多
With the rapid development of ocean technology, the deep-sea manned submersible is regarded as a high-tech equipment for the exploration and exploitation of ocean resources. The safety of manned cabin has a decisive e...With the rapid development of ocean technology, the deep-sea manned submersible is regarded as a high-tech equipment for the exploration and exploitation of ocean resources. The safety of manned cabin has a decisive effect on the whole system. Ti-6 Al-4 V with the superior strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance has been used for the manned cabin. The manned cabin experiences loading spectrum with different maximum stresses and different dwell time during their service life. The load sequence effects on dwell fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6 Al-4 V under different dwell time are investigated experimentally in this paper. The experimental results show that the crack tip plastic zone is enlarged by the dwell time and the overload retardation zone increases with dwell time under the same overload rate. A dwell fatigue crack growth model is proposed by modifying the crack tip plastic zone under the loading history with combinations of the single overload and dwell time factors are included in the modified model. Based on the experimental data, the overload retardation zone and the crack growth rates of Ti-6 Al-4 V are predicted by the modified model. A reasonable model for the load sequence effect on the dwell fatigue crack growth rates of Ti-6 Al-4 V is verified.展开更多
Exposure to thermal environment is one of the main concerns for manned space exploration. By focusing on the works performed on thermoregulation at microgravity or simulated microgravity, we endeavored to review the i...Exposure to thermal environment is one of the main concerns for manned space exploration. By focusing on the works performed on thermoregulation at microgravity or simulated microgravity, we endeavored to review the investigation on space thermal environmental physiology. First of all, the application of medical requirements for the crew module design from normal thermal comfort to accidental thermal emergencies in a space craft will be addressed. Then, alterations in the autonomic and behavioral temperature regulation caused by the effect of weightlessness both in space flight and its simulation on the ground are also discussed. Furthermore, countermeasures like exercise training, simulated natural ventilation, encouraged drink, etc., in the protection of thermoregulation during space flight is presented. Finally, the challenge of space thermal environment physiology faced in the future is figured out.展开更多
为改善载人密闭舱室整体舒适度,提升作业人员的生理、心理舒适性与工作效率。对载人密闭舱室舒适度评估方法展开深入探究,在完成舱室整体舒适度评估的基础上,能够进一步明确影响舱室综合舒适度的基本事件并进行重要度排序,从而更有针对...为改善载人密闭舱室整体舒适度,提升作业人员的生理、心理舒适性与工作效率。对载人密闭舱室舒适度评估方法展开深入探究,在完成舱室整体舒适度评估的基础上,能够进一步明确影响舱室综合舒适度的基本事件并进行重要度排序,从而更有针对性的改进和指导载人密闭舱室设计。构建了载人密闭舱室舒适度故障树分析(Fault tree analysis,FTA)模型,将载人密闭舱室舒适度影响因素划分生理环境、物理因素、主观感受3个中间等级,下行提取17个基本事件,综合模糊贝叶斯(Fuzzy bayesian networks,FBN)方法进行正向诊断,评估载人密闭舱室的整体舒适性;展开逆向因果推理,寻找造成舱室不舒适的主要原因。结果表明:实例探究中选取西北工业大学载人密闭实验室进行整体舒适度评估,并通过16位被试人员的主观评价验证了载人密闭舱室FTA-FBN舒适度评估方法的有效性与可靠性;逆向推理计算各基本事件对舱室整体舒适度的影响概率并进行排序,指出载人密闭舱室设计改进方向。展开更多
基金Supported by the "863" Foundation under Grant No.2002AA401000
文摘Variable ballast systems are necessary for manned submersibles to adjust their buoyancy.In this paper,the design of a variable ballast system for a manned submersible is described.The variable ballast system uses a super high pressure hydraulic seawater system.A super high pressure seawater pump and a deep-sea brushless DC motor are used to pump seawater into or from the variable ballast tank,increasing or decreasing the weight of the manned submersible.A magnetostrictive linear displacement transducer can detect the seawater level in the variable ballast tank.Some seawater valves are used to control pumping direction and control on-off states.The design and testing procedure for the valves is described.Finally,the future development of variable ballast systems and seawater hydraulic systems is projected.
基金The paper was financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programof China(863 Program) (Grant No.2002AA401002)
文摘In this paper, a robust path following control law is proposed for a deep-sea manned submersible maneuvering along a predeterminated path. Developed in China, the submersible is underactuated in the horizontal plane in that it is actuated by two perpendicular thrusts in this plane. The advanced non-singular terminal sliding mode （NTSM） is implemented for the design of the path following controller, which can ensure the convergence of the motion system in finite time and improve its robustness against parametric uncertainties and environmental disturbances. In the process of controller design, the close-loop stability is considered and proved by Lyapunov＇ s stability theory. With the experimental data, numerical simulations are provided to verify the control law for path following of the deep-sea manned submersible.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51709134)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0300603-02)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant Nos. BK20160559 and BK20170575)。
文摘With the rapid development of ocean technology, the deep-sea manned submersible is regarded as a high-tech equipment for the exploration and exploitation of ocean resources. The safety of manned cabin has a decisive effect on the whole system. Ti-6 Al-4 V with the superior strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance has been used for the manned cabin. The manned cabin experiences loading spectrum with different maximum stresses and different dwell time during their service life. The load sequence effects on dwell fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6 Al-4 V under different dwell time are investigated experimentally in this paper. The experimental results show that the crack tip plastic zone is enlarged by the dwell time and the overload retardation zone increases with dwell time under the same overload rate. A dwell fatigue crack growth model is proposed by modifying the crack tip plastic zone under the loading history with combinations of the single overload and dwell time factors are included in the modified model. Based on the experimental data, the overload retardation zone and the crack growth rates of Ti-6 Al-4 V are predicted by the modified model. A reasonable model for the load sequence effect on the dwell fatigue crack growth rates of Ti-6 Al-4 V is verified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50838003)the China Manned Space flight Project
文摘Exposure to thermal environment is one of the main concerns for manned space exploration. By focusing on the works performed on thermoregulation at microgravity or simulated microgravity, we endeavored to review the investigation on space thermal environmental physiology. First of all, the application of medical requirements for the crew module design from normal thermal comfort to accidental thermal emergencies in a space craft will be addressed. Then, alterations in the autonomic and behavioral temperature regulation caused by the effect of weightlessness both in space flight and its simulation on the ground are also discussed. Furthermore, countermeasures like exercise training, simulated natural ventilation, encouraged drink, etc., in the protection of thermoregulation during space flight is presented. Finally, the challenge of space thermal environment physiology faced in the future is figured out.
文摘为改善载人密闭舱室整体舒适度,提升作业人员的生理、心理舒适性与工作效率。对载人密闭舱室舒适度评估方法展开深入探究,在完成舱室整体舒适度评估的基础上,能够进一步明确影响舱室综合舒适度的基本事件并进行重要度排序,从而更有针对性的改进和指导载人密闭舱室设计。构建了载人密闭舱室舒适度故障树分析(Fault tree analysis,FTA)模型,将载人密闭舱室舒适度影响因素划分生理环境、物理因素、主观感受3个中间等级,下行提取17个基本事件,综合模糊贝叶斯(Fuzzy bayesian networks,FBN)方法进行正向诊断,评估载人密闭舱室的整体舒适性;展开逆向因果推理,寻找造成舱室不舒适的主要原因。结果表明:实例探究中选取西北工业大学载人密闭实验室进行整体舒适度评估,并通过16位被试人员的主观评价验证了载人密闭舱室FTA-FBN舒适度评估方法的有效性与可靠性;逆向推理计算各基本事件对舱室整体舒适度的影响概率并进行排序,指出载人密闭舱室设计改进方向。
