Development and validation of a risk prediction model for repeated indwelling urinary catheterization in patients with cervical cancer after surgery

Objective:To study the factors influencing secondary indwelling catheterisation after cervical cancer surgery and to develop a predictive risk model.Methods:A total of 260 patients in a tertiary hospital in Chongqing were selected from January 2020 to December 2021 via convenience sampling.Relevant information of patients was recorded,including age;body mass index;history of hypertension and diabetes,bladder dysfunction,postoperative urinary retention,and postoperative urinary tract infection;Histology;staging;surgical approach;Operation time;Time of first remove of catheter;indwelling catheter days;Hospitalization days.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used to reduce dimensionality and select patient characteristics,and multivariate analysis was performed based on the selected variables.Based on the outcome of analysis,a line chart model was developed for predicting the risk of secondary catheterization in patients with indwelling catheterization after radical cervical cancer surgery.The coefficient of conformity index(C-index)and calibration curves were used to evaluate the accuracy and fit.The model was internally validated via bootstrapping(1000 random samples),and the clinical utility of the model was assessed via decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:Four characteristic variables were selected,including preoperative bladder function,postoperative urinary tract infection,surgical approach,and Time of first remove of catheter.They are independent risk factors affecting urinary tract.The risk prediction model exhibited good discrimination performance with a C-index of 0.722(95%CI,0.661-0.783)and was well calibrated.The C-index was 0.708 in internal validation analysis.DCA showed that the risk model was clinically useful for predicting secondary catheterization,and clinical benefits were observed at the decision threshold of≥11%.Conclusion:A novel model was developed to predict the risk of secondary catheterization.The model was based on preoperative bladder dysfunction,postoperative urinary tract infection,surgical approach,and number of days since the removal of the primary catheter.

Indwelling catheter and conservative measures in the treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome in fulminant acute pancreatitis

AIM： To study the effect of combined indwelling catheter, hemofiltration, respiration support and traditional Chinese medicine （e.g. Dahuang） in treating abdominal compartment syndrome of fulminant acute pancreatitis. METHODS： Patients with fulminant acute pancreatitis were divided randomly into 2 groups of combined indwelling catheter celiac drainage and intra-abdominal pressure monitoring and routine conservative measures group （group 1） and control group （group 2）. Routine non-operative conservative treatments including hemofiltration, respiration support, gastrointestinal TCM ablution were also applied in control group patients. Effectiveness of the two groups was observed, and APACHE Ⅱ scores were applied for analysis. RESULTS： On the second and fifth days after treatment, APACHE Ⅱ scores of group 1 and 2 patients were significantly different. Comparison of effectiveness （abdominalgia and burbulence relief time, hospitalization time） between groups 1 and 2 showed significant difference, as well as incidence rates of cysts formation. Mortality rates of groups 1 and 2 were 10.0% and 20.7%, respectively. For patients in group 1, celiac drainage quantity and intra-abdominal pressure, and hospitalization time were positively correlated （r = 0.552, 0.748, 0.923, P 〈 0.01） with APACHE Ⅱ scores. CONCLUSION： Combined indwelling catheter celiac drainage and intra-abdominal pressure monitoring, short veno-venous hemofiltration （SVVH）, gastrointestinal TCM ablution, respiration support have preventive and treatment effects on abdominal compartment syndrome of fulminant acute pancreatitis.

Management of recurrent malignant pleural effusions with a tunneled indwelling pleural catheter

In this review, we report on the use of indwelling pleural catheters in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. We describe the most commonly used catheter. Also, treatment with indwelling pleuralcatheters as compared to talc pleurodesis is reviewed. A comparison of efficacy, costs, effects on quality of life, and complications is made. Only one randomized controlled trial comparing the two is available up to date, but several are underway. We conclude that treatment for malignant pleural effusions with indwelling pleural catheters is a save, cost-effective, and patientfriendly method, with low complication rates.

Indwelling Pleural Catheter Insertion Following Inefficient Thoracoscopic Decortication in Postpneumonic Empyema: Beneficial or Contraindicated?

Video assisted thoracic surgery in advanced stage postpneumonic empyema aims for thorough debridement and washout of the pleural space followed by an attempt to release the entrapped lung (decortication). When the latter isn’t successful, and the patient is in a poor performance status, applying tube thoracostomy is the usual routine, to avoid conversion to thoracotomy and open decortication. Tube thoracostomy, however, is associated with complications necessitating further surgery, needs long term follow up and also entails quality of life distorting issues. To overcome these disadvantages, we instead inserted a PleurX&reg indwelling pleural catheter in four patients in the above situation. The method brought success (lung re-expansion and complete or partial pleurodesis) without the need for further surgery or quality of life problems in either patient. Although the use of the indwelling pleural catheter in infected pleural space is not recommended by manufacturers, we noted no complications.

Effect of Cluster Nursing in Preventing Urinary Tract Infection in Postoperative Patients with Indwelling Urinary Catheter

Objective:This paper expounds and analyzes the effect of cluster nursing in preventing urinary tract infection in postoperative patients with indwelling urinary catheter.Methods:A total of 400 postoperative patients with indwelling urinary catheter,treated in Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital in recent two years,were recruited as research subjects.The patients were equally divided into group A and group B,with 200 patients in each group,and all received routine anti-infectives.The patients in group A(200 cases)received routine nursing.On the basis of group A,cluster nursing was implemented for patients in group B(200 cases).Results:The indwelling time of urinary catheter,the disappearance time of bladder irritation symptoms,and the probability of urinary tract infection were compared between both groups,which showed that the nursing effect of group B was better than that of group A(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of cluster nursing in postoperative patients with indwelling urinary catheter can improve the deficiency of routine nursing,consolidate the treatment effect,and reduce the complication rate of urinary tract infection.

The Application of Midline Catheter in Perioperative Period of Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Cancer

Objective: To investigate the application value of midline catheters in patients with larynx cancer during the postoperative period. Methods: 150 patients with larynx cancer treated in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2022 were selected as the study objects. According to the random number method, 75 cases were divided into a control group and a study group. The study group used a midline catheter during treatment, and the control group used a Peripheral venous indwelling needle during treatment. The indwelling time, puncture times, complication rate, daily catheter maintenance cost and catheterization satisfaction rate of the two groups were compared. Result: The retention time of the study group (11.53 ± 6.91 days) was significantly higher than that of the control group (2.92 ± 1.41 days) (P . The total puncture times were significantly lower than that of the control group (P cidence of complications such as catheter blockage, catheter detachment, drug extravasation and phlebitis were lower than those of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), the average daily maintenance cost of the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), and the satisfaction rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P Conclusion: Compared with the Peripheral venous indwelling needle, postoperative application of a midline catheter in patients with larynx cancer can effectively reduce the number of puncture times and the incidence of catheter-related adverse reactions, and has higher economic benefits and satisfaction rate, which is worthy of clinical application.

Clinical analysis of central venous catheter-related infections in patients in the emergency ICU

BACKGROUND:Catheter-related infection(CRI)of the central vein is a common cause of nosocomial infection.This study was undertaken to investigate the pathogen culturing and risk factors of CRI in emergency intensive care unit(EICU)in order to provide the beneficial reference.METHODS:From January 2008 to December 2010,a total of 1 363 patients were subjected to catheterization.In these patients,the peak CRI rate of the patients was determined by bacterial cultivation and blood bacterial cultivation.RESULTS:CRI happened in 147 of the 1 363 patients using the central venous catheter.The peak rate of CRI was 10.79%,with an incidence of 3.05 episodes per 1 000 catheter days.Of the147 patients,46.94%had gram-negative bacilli,40.14%had gram-positive cocci,and 12.92%had fungi.Unconditional logistic regression analysis suggests that multiple catheterization,femoral vein catheterization,the application of multicavity catheter,and the duration of catheterization were the independent risk factors for CRI.CONCLUSION:The risk factors for catheter-related infections should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Inadvertent placement of a urinary catheter into the ureter: A report of 3 cases and review of the literature

We describe three cases of inadvertent placement of the urinary catheter into the ureter.An 85-year-old gentleman on long-term indwelling catheter(IDC)for neurogenic bladder presented with fever and right flank pain.CT of abdomen and pelvis demonstrated the tip of the IDC to be located within the right vesicoureteric junction with acute right hydronephrosis and acute pyelonephritis.A 74-year-old woman,on long-term IDC for neurogenic bladder was found to have hydronephrosis on ultrasound imaging.Contrast-enhanced CT intravenous pyelography done subsequently showed the IDC was in the right distal ureter.A 47-year-old lady,on IDC for urinary retention and voiding dysfunction likely secondary to schizophrenia and anti-psychotic medications,presented with raised creatinine.A non-enhanced CT of her abdomen and pelvis was done and showed that the tip of the urethral IDC was located up to the left vesicoureteric junction.In all patients,the hydronephrosis resolved after changing the catheter and they were well on discharge.We also review the literature to identify the incidence,outcomes and possible risk factors.To our knowledge,only 20 cases have been reported thus far in the English literature.Although serious complications can occur,the incidence is very low.One risk factor that has been identified is long-term catheterization in patients with neurogenic bladder.We do not recommend routine imaging after catheterization in this group of patients.However,we should still be mindful of the possibility of this occurrence and evaluate and treat as necessary when clinical suspicion arises.

Application of Midline Catheter in Patients with Oral Cavity Malignancies during Perioperative Period

Objective: The study aims to compare the application value of midline catheter and indwelling needle in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period. Methods: 146 patients with oral cavity malignancies admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to July 2021 were selected as the research subjects. 73 patients treated with midline catheters during the treatment were the experimental group, and another 73 patients were treated with indwelling needles as the control group. The indwelling time, total number of puncturing times, and incidence of adverse reactions of two catheterization methods were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, each patient was investigated for treatment satisfaction. Result: The indwelling time was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.0001), and the total number of puncturing times in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.0001). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (χ2 = 4.960, P = 0.0259) was significantly lower than that in the control group in terms of catheter occlusion (χ2 = 12.56, P = 0.0004), catheter detachment (χ2 = 8.46, P = 0.0036), drug extravasation (χ2 = 3.27, P = 0.0011), phlebitis (χ2 = 3.62, P = 0.0003), and bleeding from the puncture point (χ2 = 14.98, P = 0.0001). The satisfaction rate (χ2 = 33.45, P < 0.0001) and fundamental satisfaction rate (χ2 = 16.57, P < 0.0001) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the dissatisfaction rate was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ2 = 11.38, P = 0.0007). The difference is statistically significant. Conclusion: Compared with indwelling needle, the application of midline catheters in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period can effectively reduce the number of puncturing times and the incidence of catheter-related adverse reactions, with a high satisfaction rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

仅用生理盐水冲封管在三向瓣膜式中长导管留置输液中的应用效果

目的:探讨仅用生理盐水冲封管在三向瓣膜式中长导管留置输液中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2021年3月至2022年2月在该院行静脉留置导管输液治疗的160例肺结核病患者的临床资料,根据封管方式不同将其分为对照组和观察组各80例。两组均留置三向瓣膜式中长导管输液7周左右,对照组采用生理盐水脉冲式冲管联合100 U/mL肝素溶液正压封管,观察组仅用生理盐水冲封管。比较两组导管留置时间、住院时间、单次封管费用、封管平均用时、不良事件发生率及护理满意度。结果:观察组导管留置时间长于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组单次封管费用少于对照组,封管平均用时短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组导管堵塞、血流感染、静脉炎发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组护理满意度为96.25%(77/80),高于对照组81.25%(65/80),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:仅用生理盐水冲封管用于三向瓣膜式中长导管留置输液患者能有效延长导管留置时间,缩短封管平均用时和住院时间,降低封管费用,提高护理满意度,且不增加导管堵塞、血流感染、静脉炎的发生率,效果优于生理盐水冲管联合肝素溶液封管。

成人中心静脉导管堵塞处置及预防的证据总结

目的检索、评价并总结成人中心静脉导管(central venous catheter,CVC)堵塞处置及预防措施的相关循证证据,为临床护理实践提供循证依据。方法计算机检索2012年1月—2023年7月共19个中英文文献数据库、临床指南数据库及相关协会网站中关于成人CVC管理、堵塞预防及处置的所有证据,包括指南、专家共识、证据总结、证据实践、系统评价和Meta分析。采用临床指南研究与评价系统Ⅱ(appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluationⅡ,AGREEⅡ)、系统综述评价工具2(a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2,AMSTAR 2)及澳大利亚循证卫生保健中心专家意见与专家共识质量评价工具(joanna briggs institute text and expert opinion critical appraisal tool,JBI TEOCAT)进行文献质量评定,采用澳大利亚循证卫生保健中心(joanna briggs institute,JBI)证据分级和推荐系统进行证据质量评定。结果初步检索共获得文献891篇,最终纳入文献15篇,汇总了26条最佳证据。结论CVC的堵塞可从导管的全生命周期和全程管理入手进行有效预防,堵塞发生后应根据堵塞性质尽快处理。临床护士可以应用证据总结,结合实际情况制定护理策略进行CVC管理,降低CVC堵塞发生率。

成人外周静脉留置针导管失效风险列线图预测模型的构建

目的识别成人外周静脉留置针导管失效的风险因素,建立成人外周静脉留置针导管失效风险预测模型并检验其预测效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取2021年3-4月某省6家医院的1022例置入外周静脉留置针的患者作为研究对象,根据是否发生导管失效分为非导管失效组(n=336)和导管失效组(n=686)。采用logistic回归分析构建预测模型,采用Bootstrap重抽样法进行内部验证,用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(ROC)和霍斯默-莱梅肖(H-L)拟合优度检验评价模型的预测效果。结果成人外周静脉留置针导管失效的独立风险因素包括通过院内培训获得外周静脉导管维护资质的护士、外科住院患者、健康教育依从性差的患者、穿刺侧肢体活动受限的患者、使用>20 G留置针、使用开放型留置针、患者主诉异常、输注刺激性药物、日输液总量≥1500 mL。风险预测模型ROC曲线下面积为0.731[95%CI(0.700~0.762)]。内部验证后C指数为0.722[95%CI(0.691,0.753)],H-L检验结果显示,χ^(2)=3.414(P=0.755)。结论本研究构建风险预测模型具有良好的预测效能,能为临床早期甄别外周静脉留置针导管失效的高危人群提供参考。

PCNL肾造瘘管留置对患者术后出血、炎症反应情况的影响研究

目的研究经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)肾造瘘管留置对患者术后出血、炎症反应情况的影响。方法回顾性分析2017年12月~2021年12月在宁国市人民医院行PCNL的肾结石患者100例,根据患者有无留置肾造瘘管划分为对照组、观察组,各50例,对照组留置肾造瘘管,观察组未留置肾造瘘管。对比两组患者结石清除率、手术时间和住院时间,同时对比两组患者的术后出血情况、术前及术后1 d炎性因子水平变化情况。结果两组患者结石清除率、手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组住院时间长于观察组[(15.28±4.82)d vs.(11.68±4.56)d],差异有统计学意义(t=3.836,P<0.05);对照组和观察组术后出血发生率(8.00%vs.6.00%)、术后出血量[(221.47±42.58)ml vs.(215.68±39.74)ml]对比差异无统计学意义(t=0.703,P>0.05);术后1 d,两组患者的C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平均高于术前,且对照组术后1 d的CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平分别为(23.17±3.74)mg L、(11.93±2.27)pg L、(21.85±3.72)pg L,明显高于观察组(20.85±3.6)mg L、(10.75±2.11)pg L、(19.68±3.55)pg L,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.122、2.692、2.984,P<0.05)。结论在PCNL中留置或不留置肾造瘘管均能获得良好的结石清除率,但留置肾造瘘管会延长住院时间,加剧患者术后炎症反应,恢复进程较慢。

子宫切除术后立即拔除导尿管的可行性Meta分析

目的系统评价子宫切除术后立即拔除导尿管的可行性。方法检索The Cochrane Library、CBM、PubMed、CINAHL、Medline、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库中关于子宫切除术后立即拔除导尿管的临床研究,检索时限为建库至2024年2月1日。两名经过循证护理系统培训的研究者按照纳入与排除标准,对文献进行严格筛选和质量评价后提取相关数据。运用RevMan 5.3软件进行数据分析。结果经过筛选后,共纳入8篇文献,总样本量为1199例。Meta分析结果显示,术后立即拔除导尿管患者尿路感染[RR=0.38,95%CI(0.22,0.65),P<0.001]、首次下床活动时间[SMD=-2.71,95%CI(-3.96,-1.47),P<0.001]和住院时间[SMD=-1.19,95%CI(-2.13,-0.26),P=0.010]均优于延迟拔除导尿管组;术后重新留置导尿管[RR=6.44,95%CI(3.21,12.90),P<0.001]高于延迟拔除导尿管组。结论子宫切除术后立即拔除导尿管可降低患者术后尿路感染的风险,减少首次下床活动和住院的时间,不会增加术后发热的风险,但重新留置导尿管的风险显著增加。

TIPS联合置管溶栓(或联合局部处理)治疗门静脉血栓临床疗效

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(TIPS)联合置管溶栓的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2016年1月至2019年12月收治的307例门静脉高压症合并门静脉血栓(PVT)患者成功行TIPS联合留置导管溶栓的临床疗效。通过术中测量分流前后下腔静脉压力(inferior vena cava pressure,ICVP)、分流前后门静脉压力(portal vein pressure,PVP),分别计算分流前、分流后(溶栓前)及溶栓后门静脉压力梯度(portal pressure gradient,PPG)(PPG=PVP-IVCP),通过再次DSA下行门静脉造影观察PVT消失程度及分流道是否通畅。所有患者均按时随访1年。结果分流前、分流后(溶栓前)及溶栓后平均PPG分别为(24.50±6.91)mmHg、(18.51±5.11)mmHg及(10.17±3.97)mmHg,溶栓后PPG明显低于溶栓前PPG,具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.001);307例患者中,PVT完全消失者占72.3%(221/307)、显著减少者占27.7%(86/307)、无无效病例;分流道血流完全通畅者占85.7%(261/307),部分通畅者占14.3%(46/307);发生合并症42例,无死亡病例。全部患者均随访1年。临床症状改善情况:所有患者主要临床症状均有所改善或完全消失。其中17例患者(5.5%)血栓较术后增加,经TIPS分流道对血栓进行局部处理联合置管溶栓,全部患者分流道恢复至第一次术后水平。肝性脑病发生情况:术后1年内发生显性肝性脑病(OHE)17.6%(54/307)。生存情况:术后9个月及11个月因肝功能衰竭及脑出血分别死亡1例,其他患者全部生存。结论门静脉高压症合并PVT患者行TIPS联合置管溶栓效果良好,安全。应加强全流程系统化管理。

两种迷你中线导管置管方法的效果比较

目的 探讨提高一次穿刺成功率、减少并发症的迷你中线导管置管方法。方法 将130例拟行迷你中线导管穿刺的患者随机分为对照组和观察组各65例。对照组采用盲穿置管法,导管留置于前臂浅静脉。观察组在超声引导下进行迷你中线导管置管,导管留置于上臂静脉。观察并比较两组患者一次穿刺成功率、置管操作时间、并发症发生率及导管留置时间。结果 对照组64例、观察组63例完成研究。观察组患者一次穿刺成功率(96.83%)显著高于对照组(85.94%);静脉炎发生率显著低于对照组,置管操作时间、导管留置时间显著长于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 采用超声引导下迷你中线导管置管可以提高一次穿刺成功率,降低静脉炎发生率,延长导管留置时间。

非小细胞肺癌合并胸腔积液患者留置导管时间及其相关因素分析

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)合并胸腔积液患者留置导管时间及相关因素。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年10月我院NSCLC合并胸腔积液患者240例为研究对象。记录成功移除胸腔导管患者胸腔导管留置时间,并根据胸腔导管留置中位时间分为A组和B组,对比两组一般资料、治疗前胸腔积液情况及实验室资料,同时采用多元线性回归分析模型分析影响NSCLC合并胸腔积液患者留置导管时间的相关因素。结果 植入胸腔导管后的240例NSCLC合并胸腔积液患者中,30例由于不明原因或患者随访而丢失,46例因继发性胸膜炎而终止,最终164例患者成功拔除胸腔导管,管道留置时间18(15,21)d,将导管留置时间<18d为A组(n=77),导管留置时间≥18d为B组(n=87)。A组吸烟史占比、治疗前胸腔积液量、胸腔积液乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate Dehydrogenase,LDH)水平低于B组,放化疗、美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)评分≤2分占比高于B组(P<0.05);多因素线性回归分析显示,吸烟史、胸腔积液量、LDH正向影响NSCLC合并胸腔积液患者留置导管时间(B=3.320,B=0.003,B=0.011,P<0.05),ECOG评分≤2分、放化疗负向影响NSCLC合并胸腔积液患者留置导管时间(B=-1.559,B=-0.971,P<0.05)。结论 NSCLC合并胸腔积液患者留置导管时间与ECOG评分、吸烟、放化疗、胸腔积液量、胸腔积液LDH水平有关。临床医生在判断留置胸腔导管是否是治疗NSCLC合并胸腔积液的理想方法时,应考虑影响胸腔导管留置时间的影响因素。

项目管理法在内科重症监护病房导尿管相关尿路感染防控中的临床实践

目的通过项目管理法制定预防留置导尿管相关尿路感染(CAUTI)的方案,并评价其在内科重症监护病房(MICU)留置导尿管患者CAUTI防控中的应用效果。方法选择某院MICU收治的153例留置导尿管患者,2021年7月—2022年3月患者为对照组(78例),采用常规方法进行护理;2022年7—12月患者为干预组(75例),采用项目管理法完善的护理措施进行干预。比较两组患者导尿管留置日数、住院日数、CAUTI发生率;同时比较干预组带入导尿管患者与本科室留置导尿管患者在三个质量周期主要指标的差异。结果干预组患者留置导尿管日数短于对照组[(9.51±2.57)d VS(11.10±2.82)d],差异有统计学意义(t=8.207,P=0.038);两组患者住院日数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.365)。患者导尿管留置日数:第二质量周期短于第一质量周期,第三质量周期短于第二质量周期,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预组留置导尿管患者CAUTI总体发生率低于对照组(20.00%VS 24.36%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.937,P=0.026)。第一、二质量周期:带入与本科留置导尿管患者留置日数比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);干预组、第一和第二质量周期:带入与本科留置导尿管患者CAUTI发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论应用项目管理法可降低MICU留置导尿管患者CAUTI的发生率,减少留置导尿管日数,提升留置导尿管全流程的护理质量。

Palliative long-term abdominal drains vs large volume paracenteses for the management of refractory ascites in end-stage liver disease

BACKGROUND Long-term abdominal drains(LTAD)are a cost-effective palliative measure to manage malignant ascites in the community,but their use in patients with end-stage chronic liver disease and refractory ascites is not routine practice.The safety and cost-effectiveness of LTAD are currently being studied in this setting,with preliminary positive results.We hypothesised that palliative LTAD are as effective and safe as repeat palliative large volume paracentesis(LVP)in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites and may offer advantages in patients’quality of life.AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety of palliative LTAD and LVP in refractory ascites secondary to end-stage chronic liver disease.METHODS A retrospective,observational cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety outcomes of palliative LTAD and regular palliative LVP as a treatment for refractory ascites in consecutive patients with end-stage chronic liver disease followed-up at our United Kingdom tertiary centre between 2018 and 2022 was conducted.Fisher’s exact tests and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare qualitative and quantitative variables,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were generated to stratify time-related outcomes according to the type of drain.RESULTS Thirty patients had a total of 35 indwelling abdominal drains and nineteen patients underwent regular LVP.The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups.Prophylactic antibiotics were more frequently prescribed in patients with LTAD(P=0.012),while the incidence of peritonitis did not differ between the two groups(P=0.46).The incidence of acute kidney injury(P=0.014)and ascites/drain-related hospital admissions(P=0.004)were significantly higher in the LVP group.The overall survival was similar in the two groups(log-rank P=0.26),but the endpoint-free survival was significantly shorter in the LVP group(P=0.003,P<0.001,P=0.018 for first ascites/drain-related admission,acute kidney injury and drain-related complications,respectively).CONCLUSION The use of LTAD in the management of refractory ascites in palliated end-stage liver disease is effective,safe,and may reduce hospital admissions and utilisation of healthcare resources compared to LVP.

腰骶椎结核单纯后路手术联合局部置管早期持续化疗的临床疗效

目的 探讨单纯后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定联合局部置管早期持续病灶内化疗治疗腰骶椎结核的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年1月西安交通大学附属红会医院收治的32例腰骶椎结核患者的临床资料,患者均采用单纯后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定联合局部置管早期持续化疗(即术中局部置管、术后1个月内经导管向病灶内持续注入异烟肼)。所有患者腰、骶椎结核均以单节段椎体及椎间隙破坏为主;22例存在椎旁或椎管内少量脓肿,但脓肿范围局限在病变节段范围内,未发生远处流注及两侧腰大肌侵袭。记录手术时间、术中出血量、卧床时间、围手术期并发症、导管注入抗结核药物情况及药物不良反应,评估手术前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和美国脊柱损伤协会(ASIA)分级,通过腰椎正侧位X线片或三维CT评估植骨融合情况,监测红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)变化。结果 手术时间(116.2±15.4)min,术中出血量(320.2±103.4)m L,卧床时间(4.7±1.2)d;无大血管或神经损伤、硬脊膜破裂病例,伤口均一期愈合,无深部感染发生。随访时间12~24个月(平均15个月)。患者术后4~10个月均获骨性融合;术后3个月ESR、CRP均恢复正常,末次随访VAS评分和后凸Cobb角较术前明显改善(P <0.05)。22例术前存在神经损伤的患者末次随访时均有不同程度恢复;末次随访未见结核复发,随访期间无结核药物严重不良反应发生。结论 对以椎体及椎间隙破坏为主、椎旁或椎管内脓肿范围局限、伴节段不稳及神经损伤的单节段腰骶椎结核,予以单纯后路手术联合局部置管早期持续病灶内化疗可获得满意疗效。