A new kind of quadrilateral assumed stress hy- brid membrane element with drilling degrees of freedom and a traction-free inclined side has been developed based on an extended Hellinger-Reissner principle which is est...A new kind of quadrilateral assumed stress hy- brid membrane element with drilling degrees of freedom and a traction-free inclined side has been developed based on an extended Hellinger-Reissner principle which is established by expanding the essential terms of the assumed stress field as polynomials in the natural coordinates of the element. The homogeneous equilibrium equations are imposed in a variational sense through the internal displacements which are also expanded in the natural coordinates, while the tractionfree conditions along the inclined side are satisfied exactly. The use of such special element in the finite element solution is shown to be highly accurate when only a very coarse element mesh is used for plates with V-shaped rounded notches or inclined sides.展开更多
Rehybridization of electronic orbitals in carbon nanotubes contains tilting angles of π orbital, electrons wavefunctions of π orbital and a orbital, degrees of hybridization, etc. In this paper, we have obtained ana...Rehybridization of electronic orbitals in carbon nanotubes contains tilting angles of π orbital, electrons wavefunctions of π orbital and a orbital, degrees of hybridization, etc. In this paper, we have obtained analytical formulas of tilting angle of π orbital relative to tube surface, electrons wavefunctions of π orbital and a orbital, degrees of hybridization, separately, as well as the numerical results.展开更多
为提高系统运行稳定性,高补偿度串补装置广泛投入使用,但线路故障后潜供电流存在高幅值的低频分量,潜供电弧难以自熄。针对此问题,基于交直流混联输电线路,研究了不同布置方式下串补度对潜供电流与恢复电压幅值影响,提出了一种固定串补(...为提高系统运行稳定性,高补偿度串补装置广泛投入使用,但线路故障后潜供电流存在高幅值的低频分量,潜供电弧难以自熄。针对此问题,基于交直流混联输电线路,研究了不同布置方式下串补度对潜供电流与恢复电压幅值影响,提出了一种固定串补(fixed series compensation,FSC)和可控串补(thyristor controlled series compensation,TCSC)混合复用抑制潜供电弧的方法。此外,为满足线路对高补偿度的需求,设计FSC和TCSC混合复用串补度最佳配置方案。结果表明,交直流混联线路采用串补度40%的双平台分散布置方式,潜供电流与恢复电压幅值达到最小,燃弧时间最短。高补偿度串补线路TCSC采用串补度10%、20%的配置方案更利于熄弧,提高重合闸成功率。展开更多
清洁环保的燃料电池混合动力有轨电车近年来受到极大关注,其高效的能量管理方法对混合动力系统性能起到至关重要的作用。传统等效氢耗最小化方法的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)平衡系数通常采用恒定值,而有轨电车在大功率峰值需求和...清洁环保的燃料电池混合动力有轨电车近年来受到极大关注,其高效的能量管理方法对混合动力系统性能起到至关重要的作用。传统等效氢耗最小化方法的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)平衡系数通常采用恒定值,而有轨电车在大功率峰值需求和减速制动过程中,恒定的SOC平衡系数不能满足瞬时等效氢耗最小的指标要求,并且在未知有轨电车工况条件下最优SOC平衡系数无法确定。针对上述问题,建立基于燃料电池/锂电池的混合动力有轨电车动力系统模型,并通过分析SOC平衡系数与氢耗特性,提出一种基于运行模式和动态混合度的等效氢耗最小化能量管理控制方法。该方法通过划分有轨电车运行模式,分析不同运行模式下SOC平衡系数与瞬时氢耗的关系,在此基础上提出基于运行模式和动态混合度的等效氢耗瞬时优化方法。结合有轨电车典型工况,搭建RT-LAB实时仿真平台,开展有轨电车能量管理系统实时仿真,并与传统等效氢耗最小化方法进行对比分析。结果表明,所提出的能量管理方法能够根据有轨电车工况的实时变化而自动分配需求功率,并在不同初始SOC的情况下,满足等效氢耗量最小的性能指标要求,提高整车燃料经济性。展开更多
文摘A new kind of quadrilateral assumed stress hy- brid membrane element with drilling degrees of freedom and a traction-free inclined side has been developed based on an extended Hellinger-Reissner principle which is established by expanding the essential terms of the assumed stress field as polynomials in the natural coordinates of the element. The homogeneous equilibrium equations are imposed in a variational sense through the internal displacements which are also expanded in the natural coordinates, while the tractionfree conditions along the inclined side are satisfied exactly. The use of such special element in the finite element solution is shown to be highly accurate when only a very coarse element mesh is used for plates with V-shaped rounded notches or inclined sides.
基金Project supported by the Specialized Research Fund of Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No 20030532008)
文摘Rehybridization of electronic orbitals in carbon nanotubes contains tilting angles of π orbital, electrons wavefunctions of π orbital and a orbital, degrees of hybridization, etc. In this paper, we have obtained analytical formulas of tilting angle of π orbital relative to tube surface, electrons wavefunctions of π orbital and a orbital, degrees of hybridization, separately, as well as the numerical results.
文摘为提高系统运行稳定性,高补偿度串补装置广泛投入使用,但线路故障后潜供电流存在高幅值的低频分量,潜供电弧难以自熄。针对此问题,基于交直流混联输电线路,研究了不同布置方式下串补度对潜供电流与恢复电压幅值影响,提出了一种固定串补(fixed series compensation,FSC)和可控串补(thyristor controlled series compensation,TCSC)混合复用抑制潜供电弧的方法。此外,为满足线路对高补偿度的需求,设计FSC和TCSC混合复用串补度最佳配置方案。结果表明,交直流混联线路采用串补度40%的双平台分散布置方式,潜供电流与恢复电压幅值达到最小,燃弧时间最短。高补偿度串补线路TCSC采用串补度10%、20%的配置方案更利于熄弧,提高重合闸成功率。
文摘碳纤维混杂增强复合材料由于具有重量轻、可设计性强等诸多优点,广泛用于汽车、海洋、航空航天等行业.根据固化剂与环氧树脂的配比化学原理,计算出石墨烯-碳纤维混杂增强树脂基(GO-CF/EP)复合材料的最佳配比为1∶5,并采用真空浸渗热压成型工艺(VIHPS)制备1∶2~1∶7共六个配比的试样,结合形状记忆性能测试及微观形貌的观察,得到固化剂与环氧树脂实际最佳配比.实验结果表明,GO-CF/EP复合材料性能主要取决于体系中交联度的大小,交联度越大,复合材料的形状记忆性能越好,微观组织形貌也较理想.当基体配比为1∶5时,GO-CF/EP复合材料体系中交联度最大,微观形貌呈现均匀致密的状态,形状固定率最大,为95.90%;形状回复率最大,为95.40%;形状回复时间最短,为80.30 s;形状回复力最大,为9.48 N.当基体配比为1∶2或1∶7时,固化剂过量或不足,交联度较小,微观组织形貌中有大量的基体聚集区,其形状记忆性能下降,形状固定率及回复率也相应减小,分别为82.99%,81.66%,81.91%,78.75%;形状回复力分别只有5.20 N和5.50 N.
文摘清洁环保的燃料电池混合动力有轨电车近年来受到极大关注,其高效的能量管理方法对混合动力系统性能起到至关重要的作用。传统等效氢耗最小化方法的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)平衡系数通常采用恒定值,而有轨电车在大功率峰值需求和减速制动过程中,恒定的SOC平衡系数不能满足瞬时等效氢耗最小的指标要求,并且在未知有轨电车工况条件下最优SOC平衡系数无法确定。针对上述问题,建立基于燃料电池/锂电池的混合动力有轨电车动力系统模型,并通过分析SOC平衡系数与氢耗特性,提出一种基于运行模式和动态混合度的等效氢耗最小化能量管理控制方法。该方法通过划分有轨电车运行模式,分析不同运行模式下SOC平衡系数与瞬时氢耗的关系,在此基础上提出基于运行模式和动态混合度的等效氢耗瞬时优化方法。结合有轨电车典型工况,搭建RT-LAB实时仿真平台,开展有轨电车能量管理系统实时仿真,并与传统等效氢耗最小化方法进行对比分析。结果表明,所提出的能量管理方法能够根据有轨电车工况的实时变化而自动分配需求功率,并在不同初始SOC的情况下,满足等效氢耗量最小的性能指标要求,提高整车燃料经济性。
