Turbulence-induced changes in degree of polarization,degree of coherence and spectrum of partially coherent electromagnetic beams

Based on a recently formulated unified theory of coherence and polarization, a method is described to study turbulence-induced changes in the polarization, the coherence and the spectrum of partially coherent electromagnetic beams on propagation. The electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam is taken as a typical example of partially coherent electromagnetic beams, and the closed-form expressions for the degree of polarization, the degree of coherence and the spectrum of electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence are derived in the quadratic approximation of Rytov＇s phase structure function. Some interesting results are obtained, which are illustrated by numerical examples and are explained in physics.

The number of least degrees of freedom required for a polarization controller to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincar sphere

Using two typical types of polarization controller, this paper analyses theoretically and experimentally the fact that it is necessary to adjust at least three instead of two waveplates in order to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincar6 sphere. The experimental results are exactly in accordance with the theory discussed in this paper. It has corrected the conventional and inaccurate point of view that two waveplates of a polarization controller are adequate to complete the transformation of state of polarization.

Degree of polarization based on the three-component pBRDF model for metallic materials

An expression of degree of polarization（DOP） for metallic material is presented based on the three-component polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function（p BRDF） model with considering specular reflection, directional diffuse reflection and ideal diffuse reflection. The three-component p BRDF model with a detailed reflection assumption is validated by comparing simulations with measurements. The DOP expression presented in this paper is related to surface roughness, which makes it more reasonable in physics. Test results for two metallic samples show that the DOP based on the three-component p BRDF model accords well with the measurement and the error of existing DOP expression is significantly reduced by introducing the diffuse reflection. It indicates that our DOP expression describes the polarized reflection properties of metallic surfaces more accurately.

Effect of Quasi-Fermi Level on the Degree of Electron Spin Polarization in GaAs

With spin-polarized-dependent band gap renormalization effect taken into account, the energy-dependent evolu- tion of electron spin polarization in GaAs is calculated at room temperature and at a low temperature of 1OK. We consider the exciting light with right-handed circular polarization, and the calculation results show that the degree of electron spin polarization is dependent strongly on the quasi-Fermi levels of ｜1/2） and ｜- 1/2） spin conduction bands. At room temperature, the degree of electron spin polarization decreases sharply from 1 near the bottom of the conduction band, and then increases to a stable value above the quasi-Fermi level of the ｜- 1/2） band. The greater the quasi-Fermi level is, the higher the degree of electron spin polarization with excessive en- ergy above the quasi-Fermi level of the ｜- 1/2） band can be achieved. At low temperature, the degree of electron spin polarization decreases from 1 sharply near the bottom of the conduction band, and then increases with the excessive energy, and in particular, up to a maximum of i above the quasi-Fermi level of the ｜1/2） band.

Regulated polarization degree of upconversion luminescence and multiple anti-counterfeit applications

Polarization upconversion luminescence(PUCL)of lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))has been widely used in single particle tracking,microfluidics detection,three-dimensional displays,and so on.However,no effective strategy has been developed for modulating PUCL.Here we report a strategy to regulate PUCL in Ho^(3+)-doped NaYF4single nanorods based on the number of upconversion photons.By constructing a multiphoton upconversion system for Ho^(3+),we regulate the degree of polarization(DOP)of PUCL from 0.590 for two-photon luminescence to 0.929 for three-photon upconversion luminescence(UCL).Furthermore,our strategy is verified from cross-relaxation between Ho^(3+)and Yb^(3+),excitation wavelength,excitation power density,and local site symmetry.And this regulation strategy of PUCL has also been achieved in Tm^(3+),with the DOP ranging from 0.233 for two-photon luminescence to 0.925 for four-photon UCL Besides,multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting display has been explored with PUCL.This work provides an effective strategy for regulating PUCL and also provides more opportunities for the development of polarization display optical encoding,anti-counterfeiting,and integrated optical devices.

Comparative Study on Polarization Spectral Parameters of Fruit in Southern Xinjiang Based on Roujean Model

Based on the study of phase angle and wavelength in pBRDF (Polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function), roujean model was proposed to describe Orient (Polarization phase angle) quantitatively. The Roujean model was used to quantitatively describe different fruits intensity components (F00) and polarization phase angle (Orient), and the simulation results were analyzed and compared using statistical analysis and comparison methods to realize the prediction from the regular model to the outdoor fruit tree canopy to the canopy of outdoor fruit tree canopy random distribution. The experimental results showed that: 1) when the phase angle of jujube was 52.19°, 66.51° and 88.26°, the R2 and average errors of F00 parameters described by Roujean model are 0.9982, 0.9963, 0.9912 and 3.80%, 4.17%, 6.40%, respectively; and the R2 and average error of Orient parameters described by Roujean model are 0.9056, 0.9223, 0.9260 and 6.23%, 3.32%, 8.05%, respectively;It can be seen that roujean model can quantitatively describe the Orient parameter of jujube;2) When the phase angle of apricot was 70.99°, 71.28° and 67.91°, the R2 and average errors of F00 parameters described by Roujean model is 0.9862, 0.9823, 0.9792 and 3.40%, 4.82%, 5.19%, respectively; And the R2 and average error of Orient parameters described by Roujean model are 0.9382, 0.8947, 0.8849 and 7.19%, 9.28%, 9.47%, respectively. Roujean model can also quantitatively describe the Orient parameter of white apricot. In summary, the Roujean model can provide a good quantitative description of f00 and a good quantitative description of Orient, which in turn can predict the pBRDF parameter for more fruits with different incidence and detection directions. It can correct the influence of angle factor in the nondestructive testing of outdoor fruits.

Widening DGD Dynamic Range of DOP-based PMD Monitor Using Band-pass Filter

The theoretical and experimental analyses of widening the differential group delay (DGD) dynamic range of degree of polarization(DOP)-based polarization mode dispersion monitor using a band-pass filter are presented. The experiment shows that the maximum DGD same time, DOP sensitivity has a little change. The experimental results are in accordance with the numerical ones.

基于DOP反馈的10Gb/s系统PMD自适应补偿实验

报道了基于DOP反馈的10Gb/sNRZ码和RZ码光通信系统的PMD自适应补偿实验,自适应补偿器的搜索时间低于1s,受到突然扰动后的恢复时间少于20ms。

无迹卡尔曼滤波估计空间目标特征信息

为了加强对空间目标,尤其是非合作目标的探测监视,空间目标的各种特性正受到越来越多的关注。通过无迹卡尔曼滤波对空间目标的位置、速度、姿态、角速度和材料复折射率5种状态参数进行了反演估计。利用观测角度、光度和偏振度数据作为观测值估计目标的状态,基于位置与速度运动学模型和姿态与角速度动态模型,完成5种状态的时间演化,实现了对5种状态参数的联合估计。仿真结果表明,设置合理的状态初始值、状态方程和测量方程噪声,5种状态参数误差均能合理收敛,无迹卡尔曼滤波能够较好地预测空间目标的5种特征参数,同时也验证了观测角度、光度和偏振度数据可以用于反演空间运动目标的5种非直接观测特征信息。

基于BRDF可见光偏振成像技术的海面溢油油种识别研究

海上溢油事件发生后需要及时判断溢油种类,为溢油事故处置提供及时有效的应对措施。本文利用BRDF多角度测量装置和可见光偏振相机对不同油种和清洁海水进行观测,基于可见光偏振特征筛选出最佳观测Stokes参量和对应观测几何,构建了清洁海水和不同油种数据集,并建立了基于BRDF偏振特征的DBN溢油油种识别模型。研究发现,在实验室可控条件下,相对方位角–60°、0°、–30°组合时油种识别效果较好,光源天顶角和相机观测角二者在接近±50°时识别效果较好;多次重复实验显示,海水、原油、重油、汽油、柴油、棕榈油的最优识别率分别为90%、86.27%、84%、80.44%、82.08%和82%;基于可见光偏振特征所建立的油种识别模型,对于海面溢油种类区分具有较好的效果。

利用DOP数值搜索的偏振模色散补偿算法

根据光域动态反馈的PMD补偿方案中在线测量的偏振度波动特点,提出了一种基于搜索最优DOP数值的PMD补偿控制算法。此算法在以变步长精确搜索全局最值的基础上,采用近似定步长的搜索策略,避免陷入局部极值区域,得到全局最优DOP数值,从而较好地补偿高速光纤链路中的PMD。将此算法用于人工神经网络训练的仿真中,能够使训练后的网络达到最小网络误差,提高网络的泛化能力。仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性和良好的搜索性能。

SWRH72BCr钢连铸坯表层网状渗碳体的形成和预防

SWRH72BCr钢连铸坯表面常常发现有异常振痕的部位表层有网状渗碳体。研究了网状渗碳体的形成原因。结果表明:保护渣液渣层偏薄且厚度不均匀、结晶器振动装置偏振量大是连铸坯表层形成异常振痕的主要原因。通过优化保护渣成分,将保护渣加渣间隔时间从30 s调整为23 s,结晶器偏振量从0.25 mm减小到0.10 mm,表面有异常振痕的SWRH72BCr钢连铸坯的百分率从7.24%降低到了0.15%,表层有网状渗碳体的连铸坯百分率从1.31%降低到了0.10%。

Polarization full feedback external cavity of open loop spectral beam combining based on multi-single emitters laser diode

In this paper,a spectral beam combining(SBC)structure of multi-single emitters laser diode based on a polarization full feedback(PFF)external cavity is proposed and demonstrated.The maximum combining efficiency is 75.6%,which leads to an output power of 38.48 W,a degree of polarization(DOP)of 99.42%,and electro-optical conversion efficiency of 35.63%under continuous wave operation at a current of 8 A.Compared to the conventional SBC,the output power,the combining efficiency,the electro-optical conversion efficiency,and the DOP of the PFF-SBC structure present improvements of 5.73 W,11.26 percentage points,5.3 percentage points,and 7.26 percentage points,respectively.The results show that this SBC method can achieve a high efficiency and linearly polarized laser output of SBC,thereby making the subsequent polarization beam-combining efficiency approach the limit.

水下天空偏振光视频采集实验装置设计与应用

水下天空偏振信息的获取是水下潜航器实现偏振光导航的重要基础,为此搭建一种水下偏振相机采集天空偏振分布的实验装置,用于采集天空光经过水面折射后的水下偏振分布。实验装置分为防水外壳和偏振光传感器两部分。防水外壳的设计主要从材质、质量和密闭性考虑,偏振光传感器的核心是通过程序实现工控机控制偏振相机拍摄0°、45°、90°、135°的偏振图像和斯托克斯的4个矢量图像。结合计算机技术,利用相关算法计算偏振角、偏振度和偏振方位角。结果表明,偏振度和偏振角在太阳子午线上呈对称分布,太阳附近的偏振度最小,并以环状向外增大。该装置采集的数据能够有效提取太阳的方位信息。

基于三目偏振相机的天空偏振模式探测试验装置

为提高天空偏振模式探测的稳定性,该文通过分析天空偏振光分布模式和Stokes矢量解析模型,设计了一种基于三目偏振相机的天空偏振模式探测试验装置。该装置克服了传统的天空偏振模式探测装置低效和密封性差的问题,适用于雨天和海面的偏振光探测工作。三目偏振相机的偏振角度为0°、60°、120°,通过求解Stokes矢量解可求出目标观测点处的偏振度(degree of polarization,DOP)和偏振方位角(angle of polarized elevation,AOE),分析了天空偏振模式图中AOE和DOP的分布规律。实验结果表明DOP和AOE关于中性点呈有规律的对称分布,该装置能有效探测天空偏振模式,为偏振导航技术提供有力的技术支持。

基于DOP监测的PMD补偿的实现与性能分析

针对偏振模色散(PMD)限制光纤通信系统向高速率和长距离发展的问题,本文提出了基于偏振度(DOP)监测的PMD动态自适应补偿系统的设计方案。该方法根据DOP与差分群时延(DGD)之间的关系,通过控制算法实现DOP最佳值的搜索和跟踪,由DOP的变化反映PMD的大小及其补偿效果,采用调节偏振控制器波片的角度和可变时延线,调整两基本偏振态,不断优化DOP使其趋于最佳值,构建了闭环补偿系统。实验结构表明,发生裂化的信号波形得到了有效恢复,眼图张开度得到明显改善。实验中,系统的补偿响应时间约为110ms,补偿后信号的误码率为3.59e-16,达到了系统对传输误码率的要求。

双极化天线阵列抗干扰性能研究

现代战场的电磁环境十分复杂,这使得卫星对导航抗干扰接收机的鲁棒性需求变得更为迫切。极化敏感阵列是一种利用极化信息增加信号处理维度的技术,应用在导航领域可以改善接收机抗干扰性能。本文研究了双极化阵列在复杂电磁环境下的抗干扰效果,理论分析了信号模型与双极化阵列原理,通过HFSS对阵列天线进行有限元仿真获取各阵元的幅度相位信息,利用幅相信息合成导向矢量,在MATLAB中对普通阵列和双极化阵列抗干扰能力进行仿真。为验证理论仿真的可行性,研制了双极化阵列原理样机,在暗室环境采集数据并分析信号与干扰的输出功率。在外场进行的收星定位测试中比较了普通阵列与双极化阵列的定位结果。仿真和实测的结果表明,双极化阵列能抑制超自由度干扰,且对低仰角干扰有较好的鲁棒性。值得注意的是,双极化天线在保持接收机小型化的同时表现出较好的鲁棒性,为接收机小型化提供了可行的解决方案。

Evolution of emergent C-points,L-lines,and C-lines in free space

Polarization singularities,which emerge from the incoherent superposition of two vector electric fields with the same frequency,and their evolution in free space are studied analytically and illustrated by numerical examples.It is shown that there exist C-points,L-lines,in particular,C-lines in incoherently superimposed two-dimensional wavefields.Usually,the C-lines are unstable and disappear during the free-space propagation.The motion,pair creation-annihilation process of the emergent C-points,as well as the distortion of the L-lines may take place,and the degree of polarization of the emergent C-points varies upon propagation and may be less than 1.

Mini-CEX联合DOPS在肾内科规培医师形成性评价的应用

目的探索以Mini-CEX量表联合DOPS量表作为工具,对泌尿内科住院规培医师进行形成性评价的效果及可行性。方法以遵义医科大学附属医院内科规培基地进行住院医师规范化培训的2016~2018级规培医师医师为研究对象,包括研究生规培医师及本科规培医师,共76人。以Mini-CEX量表联合DOPS量表对其进行形成性评价,每月考核一次。对比出科末次考核及入科首次考核成绩。结果住院医师Mini-CEX量表末次考核成绩(63.96±2.22)分与首次考核成绩(32.64±3.26)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。住院医师DOPS量表末次考核成绩(89.48±2.80)分与首次考核成绩(52.87±7.84)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Mini-CEX联合DOPS作为泌尿内科住院规培医师形成性评价工具效果良好。