Concatenated deleting machines and their characteristics

In this work,we study the performance of one shot and concatenated deleting machines(DMs).We show that the output state of one shot DMs are mixed inseparable,and do not violate Bell's inequality but can be used as a teleportation channel for all values of the input state parameters.On the other hand,we observe in the concatenation of different DMs that the output states are mixed inseparable and do not violate Bell's inequality,and cannot be used as a teleportation channel.Further,some important attributes such as inseparability,violation of Bell's inequality,and teleportation fidelity of the DMs remain unchanged under the order of concatenation.In this context of a teleportation channel,one shot DMs are useful when compared to concatenated DMs.

Melatonin improves synapse development by PI3K/Akt signaling in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrated to exhibit decreased density of dendritic spines.The role of melatonin,as a neuro hormone capable of effectively alleviating social interaction deficits and regulating the development of dendritic spines,in Ctnnd2 deletion-induced nerve injury remains unclea r.In the present study,we discove red that the deletion of exon 2 of the Ctnnd2 gene was linked to social interaction deficits,spine loss,impaired inhibitory neurons,and suppressed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signal pathway in the prefrontal cortex.Our findings demonstrated that the long-term oral administration of melatonin for 28 days effectively alleviated the aforementioned abnormalities in Ctnnd2 gene-knockout mice.Furthermore,the administration of melatonin in the prefro ntal cortex was found to improve synaptic function and activate the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in this region.The pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor,wo rtmannin,and melatonin receptor antagonists,luzindole and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin,prevented the melatonin-induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic function.These findings suggest that melatonin treatment can ameliorate GABAe rgic synaptic function by activating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway,which may contribute to the improvement of dendritic spine abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders.

Quantum deleting and cloning in a pseudo-unitary system

In conventional quantum mechanics,quantum no-deleting and no-cloning theorems indicate that two different and nonorthogonal states cannot be perfectly and deterministically deleted and cloned,respectively.Here,we investigate the quantum deleting and cloning in a pseudo-unitary system.We first present a pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian with real eigenvalues in a two-qubit system.By using the pseudo-unitary operators generated from this pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian,we show that it is possible to delete and clone a class of two different and nonorthogonal states,and it can be generalized to arbitrary two different and nonorthogonal pure qubit states.Furthermore,state discrimination,which is strongly related to quantum no-cloning theorem,is also discussed.Last but not least,we simulate the pseudo-unitary operators in conventional quantum mechanics with post-selection,and obtain the success probability of simulations.Pseudo-unitary operators are implemented with a limited efficiency due to the post-selections.Thus,the success probabilities of deleting and cloning in the simulation by conventional quantum mechanics are less than unity,which maintain the quantum no-deleting and no-cloning theorems.

Cre-recombinase systems for induction of neuronspecific knockout models:a guide for biomedical researchers

Gene deletion has been a valuable tool for unraveling the mysteries of molecular biology.Early approaches included gene trapping and gene targetting to disrupt or delete a gene randomly or at a specific location,respectively.Using these technologies in mouse embryos led to the generation of mouse knocko ut models and many scientific discoveries.The efficacy and specificity of these approaches have significantly increased with the advent of new technology such as cluste red regula rly inters paced short palindromic repeats for targetted gene deletion.However,several limitations including unwanted off-target gene deletion have hindered their widespread use in the field.Crerecombinase technology has provided additional capacity for cell-specific gene deletion.In this review,we provide a summary of currently available literature on the application of this system for targetted deletion of neuronal genes.This article has been constructed to provide some background info rmation for the new trainees on the mechanism and to provide necessary information for the design,and application of the Cre-recombinase system thro ugh reviewing the most f requent promoters that are currently available for genetic manipulation of neuro ns.We additionally will provide a summary of the latest technological developments that can be used for targeting neurons.This may also serve as a general guide for the selection of appropriate models for biomedical research.

Novel Deletion in Exon 7 of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2(BADH2)

The fragrance of rice is one of the premium characteristics that breeders want to include in rice varieties due to the higher market value. Nucleotide deletions in exons 2(7 bp) and 7(8 bp) of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2(BADH2) are associated with fragrance in rice. In this study, a new 13 bp deletion in exon 7 of the BADH2 gene was discovered in the Nang Thom Cho Dao(NTCD) variety, and the mutation has been closely related to the genetic background of indica subspecies through the Bayesian phylogenetic approach and haplotype network analysis of the 3 000 Rice Genomes Project. In addition, a set of functional markers(EX07-13F, EX07-13RN, and EX07-13RM) identified the 13 bp deletion only within NTCD(no amplified band) compared with both non-aromatic and other aromatic rice varieties(110 bp band). The deletion of 13 bases instead of 8 bases in exon 7 of BADH2 caused a premature stop codon, which down-regulated the expression of the BADH2 transcript while associated with up-regulation of OsP5CS and the high amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. It is potential to use the deletion in exon 7 of the BADH2 gene as a novel marker for adulteration and breeding of fragrant rice varieties, particularly for NTCD.

Ensuring User Privacy and Model Security via Machine Unlearning: A Review

As an emerging discipline,machine learning has been widely used in artificial intelligence,education,meteorology and other fields.In the training of machine learning models,trainers need to use a large amount of practical data,which inevitably involves user privacy.Besides,by polluting the training data,a malicious adversary can poison the model,thus compromising model security.The data provider hopes that the model trainer can prove to them the confidentiality of the model.Trainer will be required to withdraw data when the trust collapses.In the meantime,trainers hope to forget the injected data to regain security when finding crafted poisoned data after the model training.Therefore,we focus on forgetting systems,the process of which we call machine unlearning,capable of forgetting specific data entirely and efficiently.In this paper,we present the first comprehensive survey of this realm.We summarize and categorize existing machine unlearning methods based on their characteristics and analyze the relation between machine unlearning and relevant fields(e.g.,inference attacks and data poisoning attacks).Finally,we briefly conclude the existing research directions.

Deleted in liver cancer 1 suppresses the growth of prostate cancer cells through inhibiting Rho-associated protein kinase pathway

Objective:Deleted in liver cancer 1(DLC1)is a GTPase-activating protein that is reported as a suppressor in certain human cancers.However,the detailed biological function of DLC1 is still unclear in human prostate cancer(PCa).In the present study,we aimed to explore the function of DLC1 in PCa cells.Methods:Silencing and overexpression of DLC1 were induced in an androgen-sensitive PCa cell line(LNCaP)using RNA interference and lentiviral vector transduction.The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to determine cell proliferation.The cell cycle was examined by performing a propidium iodide staining assay.Results:Our results indicated that DLC1 overexpression markedly suppressed the proliferation and cell cycle progression of LNCaP cells.Moreover,DLC1 expression was negatively correlated with Rho-associated protein kinase(ROCK)expression in LNCaP cells.Importantly,this study showed that the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 restored the function of DLC1 in LNCaP cells and reduced the tumorigenicity of LNCaP cells in vivo.Conclusion:Our results indicated that DLC1 overexpression markedly suppressed the proliferation and cell cycle progression of PCa cells and negatively correlated with ROCK expression in PCa cells and tissue.

De novel heterozygous copy number deletion on 7q31.31-7q31.32 involving TSPAN12 gene with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in a Chinese family

AIM:To investigate the genetic and clinical characteristics of patients with a large heterozygous copy number deletion on 7q31.31-7q31.32.METHODS:A family with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy(FEVR)phenotype was included in the study.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was initially used to locate copy number variations(CNVs)on 7q31.31-31.32,but failed to detect the precise breakpoint.The long-read sequencing,Oxford Nanopore sequencing Technology(ONT)was used to get the accurate breakpoint which is verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(QPCR)and Sanger Sequencing.RESULTS:The proband,along with her father and younger brother,were found to have a heterozygous 4.5 Mb CNV deletion located on 7q31.31-31.32,which included the FEVRrelated gene TSPAN12.The specific deletion was confirmed as del(7)(q31.31q31.32)chr7:g.119451239_123956818del.The proband exhibited a phase 2A FEVR phenotype,characterized by a falciform retinal fold,macular dragging,and peripheral neovascularization with leaking of fluorescence.These symptoms led to a significant decrease in visual acuity in both eyes.On the other hand,the affected father and younger brother showed a milder phenotype.CONCLUSION:The heterozygous CNV deletion located on 7q31.31-7q31.32 is associated with the FEVR phenotype.The use of long-read sequencing techniques is essential for accurate molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders.

Deletion and Recovery Scheme of Electronic Health Records Based onMedical Certificate Blockchain

The trusted sharing of Electronic Health Records(EHRs)can realize the efficient use of medical data resources.Generally speaking,EHRs are widely used in blockchain-based medical data platforms.EHRs are valuable private assets of patients,and the ownership belongs to patients.While recent research has shown that patients can freely and effectively delete the EHRs stored in hospitals,it does not address the challenge of record sharing when patients revisit doctors.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a deletion and recovery scheme of EHRs based on Medical Certificate Blockchain.This paper uses cross-chain technology to connect the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the Hospital Blockchain to real-ize the recovery of deleted EHRs.At the same time,this paper uses the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)to store Personal Health Records,which are generated by patients visiting different medical institutions.In addition,this paper also combines digital watermarking technology to ensure the authenticity of the restored electronic medical records.Under the combined effect of blockchain technology and digital watermarking,our proposal will not be affected by any other rights throughout the process.System analysis and security analysis illustrate the completeness and feasibility of the scheme.

PTEN inhibitor bisperoxovanadium protects against noise-induced hearing loss

Studies have shown that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)participates in the regulation of cochlear hair cell survival.Bisperoxovanadium protects against neurodegeneration by inhibiting PTEN expression.However,whether bisperoxovanadium can protect against noise-induced hearing loss and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of noise-induced hearing loss by exposure to 105 dB sound for 2 hours.We found that PTEN expression was increased in the organ of Corti,including outer hair cells,inner hair cells,and lateral wall tissues.Intraperitoneal administration of bisperoxovanadium decreased the auditory threshold and the loss of cochlear hair cells and inner hair cell ribbons.In addition,noise exposure decreased p-PI3K and p-Akt levels.Bisperoxovanadium preconditioning or PTEN knockdown upregulated the activity of PI3K-Akt.Bisperoxovanadium also prevented H_(2)O_(2)-induced hair cell death by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation in cochlear explants.These findings suggest that bisperoxovanadium reduces noise-induced hearing injury and reduces cochlear hair cell loss.

Cx43、PTEN在卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

卵巢癌是女性生殖系统肿瘤中死亡率最高的肿瘤,由于卵巢组织的解剖与内分泌的复杂性使卵巢癌的早期诊断极为困难因此,寻找卵巢恶性肿瘤早期诊断指标已经成为研究热点。间隙连接蛋白43（connexin 43,Cx43）为一种细胞间隙连接蛋白,多种肿瘤细胞中都有间隙连接蛋白43表达的下降与缺失[1]。同源磷酸酶-张力蛋白（phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,

分布式数据库同步更新的实现方法

把分支机构的数据库作为出版者和分发者,把上级中心的数据库作为订阅者,首先在分发者数据库中对表建立快照代理、日志阅读代理、分发代理,和存储过程的复制事物,并在数据库中记录同步状态信息,然后分发者连接出版者,阅读出版物的事务日志,搜索出带有复制标志的INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE语句和其他更新事务提交给订阅者,当分支机构数据发生更新,日志读取代理即时将更新信息推到上级单位中心的数据库中,实现分发者和订阅者数据库数据两者数据的一致性,从而实现分布式数据库数据的同步更新。

C++动态内存分配研究

本文介绍了C++中内存的分配方式及动态内存分配中常见的内存错误及处理方法.

中国南方汉族人群KIR基因多态性的研究

目的探究中国南方汉族人群自然杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)基因的多态性及基因型和单体型特点,为KIR及KIR-HLA组合型多态性与疾病的关联研究提供基础数据资料。方法采用PCR-SSP方法对503名非亲缘关系的南方汉族个体进行KIR基因检测,依据Allele Frequency Net Database的国际标准对其进行基因型和单体型分析。根据第5外显子是否存在22bp碱基缺失,2DS4进一步分为2DS4-normal和2DS4-deleted等位基因。结果在检测的503份标本中,检出了目前已知的所有KIR框架基因,

Foxp3-6054基因多态性与变应性结膜炎的关系

目的探讨Foxp3-6054(deletion/ATT,rs5902434)基因与尘螨变应性结膜炎遗传易感性的相关性。方法应用PCR-SSP技术为63例无亲缘关系的尘螨变应性结膜炎患者和100例无血缘关系的健康汉族人行Foxp3-6054(deletion/ATT,rs5902434)基因分型。结果变应性结膜炎组的Foxp3-6054(deletion/ATT,rs5902434)基因型频率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Foxp3-6054(deletion/ATT,rs5902434)位点基因多态性与变应性结膜炎不相关。

乳腺癌PTEN和S100A4表达的临床病理学意义

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,目前,乳腺癌的病因尚未完全清楚,其发生发展与多种癌基因和抑癌基因异常改变密切相关。S100A4和PTEN（phosphatase and tensinhomolog deleted on chromosome 10）与乳腺癌的关系成为近年研究热点。

质粒pUC19-CM-D的构建及应用(摘要)(英文)

[目的]用克隆载体pUC19构建乳杆菌自杀质粒及乳杆菌基因缺失工程菌。[方法]以鼠李糖乳杆菌为研究对象,在质粒pUC19的多克隆位点插入氯霉素抗性基因构建pUC19-CM载体;在pUC19-CM载体氯霉素抗性基因的两侧均添加1个用于同源重组的同源臂,再构建成自杀质粒pUC19-CM-D。将自杀质粒pUC19-CM-D转化乳杆菌进行抗性筛选即可得到目标基因被抗性基因替换的突变株。[结果]通过改造pUC19质粒,获得了可应用于构建鼠李糖乳杆菌D-乳酸脱氢酶基因缺陷型菌株的自杀质粒pUC19-CM-D。运用抗性基因替换方法来构建基因缺陷型菌株,在一定程度上避免了质粒整合带来的问题,同时提供了一个筛选标记,能够通过一次筛选即可得到缺陷型菌株。这种自杀质粒的改造和基因缺陷型菌株的构建方法具有通用性,可以应用于其他的载体和菌株。[结论]pUC19-CM-D质粒的构建及应用为乳杆菌基因缺失工程菌的构建提供了1个快速有效的手段,也为乳杆菌基因功能研究奠定了基础。

MySQL触发器在电子商城系统中的应用

触发器是一种特殊的存储过程,主要通过事件触发从而执行。通过一个订单与库存管理的案例,详细阐述了insert、delete、update触发器的特性及在电子商城系统中的应用。

三种内存泄漏检测方法的比较

介绍了三种内存泄漏的检测方法:第一种是利用各种检测工具;第二种是通过重载new和delete操作符;第三种是奇异的循环模板模式对象计数法,它们都是程序在运行状态下的检测方法。最后文章比较了它们的优缺点。